CK5/6、EGFR和E-cadhenrin在三阴性乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨CK5/6、E-cadhenrin及EGFR在三阴性乳腺癌中的表达与主要临床病理参数及预后的关系。方法收集浸润性乳腺癌278例,其中三阴性乳腺癌62例(22.30%),非三阴性乳腺癌216例(77.70%)。通过免疫组织化学方法检测CK5/6、E-cadhenrin及EGFR在乳腺癌中的表达,并分析三阴性乳腺癌中CK5/6、E-cad及EGFR与患者临床病理学参数和预后的关系。结果 CK5/6和EGFR在三阴性乳腺癌中的阳性表达率明显高于非三阴性乳腺癌(P0.05),而E-cadhenrin在三阴性乳腺癌的阳性表达率明显低于非三阴性乳腺癌(P0.05)。CK5/6与EGFR的表达呈明显的正相关(r=0.417,P0.05),二者与E-cadhenrin均呈明显的负相关(r=7.59,P0.05;r=0.333,P0.05)。三阴性乳腺癌中CK5/6和EGFR的表达与淋巴结转移、临床分期及组织学分级密切相关(P0.05),E-cad-herin的表达与患者淋巴结转移和临床分期密切相关(P0.05),与其他临床参数无关(P0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示三阴性乳腺癌中CK5/6的阳性表达及E-cadherin的阴性表达的患者生存时间明显短于CK5/6阴性及E-cadherin阳性的患者(P0.05)。结论 CK5/6和EGFR在三阴性乳腺癌中高表达,E-cadhenrin在三阴性乳腺癌中低表达,CK5/6的阳性表达及E-cadherin的阴性表达与三阴性乳腺癌患者不良预后密切相关。     

不同ER、PR状态乳腺癌中AR的表达及其意义

目的探讨AR在不同ER、PR状态乳腺癌中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化方法检测AR、ER、PR在173例乳腺癌中的表达,依据结果分组:(1)AR状态分组:AR阳性组和AR阴性组;(2)ER、PR状态分组:En组(ER、PR均阴性)、Ep组[ER和(或)PR阳性];(3)AR、ER、PR联合分组:En-AR+(En组且AR阳性)、En-AR-(En组且AR阴性)、Ep-AR+(Ep组且AR阳性)、Ep-AR-(Ep组且AR阴性),其中En-AR-又称为均阴性组,其他三组统称为部分或完全阳性组。不同分组方法比较与临床病理特征的关系。结果Ep组AR阳性率62.8%(54/86),En组AR阳性率37.9%(33/87),两组差异有显著性(P=0.001),AR阳性组体积小、核分裂少、组织学分级低(P0.05);En-AR-组表现为核分裂多、组织学分级高(P0.01),此外En组内AR阳性者核分裂少、组织学分级低(P0.05),Ep组内AR阳性者临床分期高(P=0.000),En-AR+、Ep-AR+、Ep-AR-比较均无差异。结论AR在不同激素状态乳腺癌中表达的意义不同,ER、PR均阴性乳腺癌表达AR者预后较好,ER、PR阳性乳腺癌表达AR者临床分期高。在选择针对性药物时应考虑到不同激素受体状态的组合。     

ki67在三阴性乳腺癌中的临床病理意义

目的 通过检测三阴性乳腺癌中细胞增殖抗原ki67的表达情况,分析其与临床病理特征及预后的关系,明确ki67是否可以作为判断三阴性乳腺癌的预后指标.方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测ki67在三阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达,分析ki67表达与三阴性乳腺癌患者临床病理特征的相关性及与预后的关系.结果 ki67在三阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、组织学分级和淋巴结转移有关(x2=10.536、16.824、11.020、7.180、P＜0.05).单因素生存分析结果显示:肿瘤大小、临床分期、组织学分级、淋巴结转移和ki67与患者总生存均相关(OR=4.211、3.800、0.288、3.502、2.612,P＜0.05).Cox多因素生存分析显示,淋巴结转移与总生存有一定的相关性(OR=2.768,P＜0.05).结论 ki67表达与三阴性乳腺癌中肿瘤大小、TNM分期、组织学分级和淋巴结转移有关,对于三阴性乳腺癌的预后评估具有一定的价值,可作为评价三阴性乳腺癌预后的候选指标.通过Cox多因素生存分析,淋巴结转移可作为与总生存相关的独立预后因素.     

三阴型乳腺癌中CD151的表达及意义

目的观察CD151在三阴型乳腺癌及非特殊型浸润性乳腺癌中的表达及与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测CD151在三阴型乳腺癌及非特殊型浸润性乳腺癌中的表达,运用统计学方法分析CD151表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征、无瘤生存期和预后的关系。结果在三阴型乳腺癌中,CD151表达与淋巴结转移和组织学分级相关(P0.05),CD151表达随着组织学分级的增加而升高,与患者年龄(P=0.081)和肿瘤大小(P=0.170)无明显相关性(P均0.05);三阴型乳腺癌患者肿瘤直径与腋窝淋巴结转移具有相关性(P0.05),CD151高表达患者的腋窝淋巴结转移率较高,无瘤生存期较短。结论 CD151在三阴型乳腺癌患者中高表达,并与淋巴结转移及组织学分级具有相关性,检测CD151有望成为评估三阴型乳腺癌患者预后的重要指标,为临床治疗和研究提供靶标。     

浸润性乳腺癌中OPN和MK蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的通过检测浸润性乳腺癌术后患者石蜡标本中骨桥蛋白(ostenopontin,OPN)和中期因子(minkine,MK)的表达,回顾性分析其与患者临床病理特征及预后的关系,为浸润性乳腺癌的治疗、预后提供有价值的生物学标志。方法应用免疫组化PV-9000两步法检测90例浸润性乳腺癌和30例乳腺增生症术后石蜡标本中OPN和MK蛋白的表达情况。结果90例浸润性乳腺癌组织中OPN和MK蛋白的阳性表达率分别为71.11%(64/90)和78.89%(71/90),明显高于乳腺增生症30.00%(9/30)和46.67%(14/30)(P0.05);OPN的表达与肿瘤的大小、腋窝淋巴结转移、术后复发及p185受体表达密切相关(P0.05),与患者TNM分期、组织学类型及分级、雌激素及孕激素受体状况无关(P0.05)。MK的表达与肿瘤的大小、腋窝淋巴结转移、术后复发、p185受体及TNM分期表达密切相关(P0.05),与患者的组织学类型及分级、雌激素及孕激素受体状况无关(P0.05)。OPN和MK蛋白的表达有相关性(r=0.274,P=0.009)。OPN和MK蛋白阳性表达组患者TTP、OS值均低于阴性表达组(P0.05)。结论OPN和MK蛋白的表达与浸润性乳腺癌的进展存在一定相关性,检测二者的表达对浸润性乳腺癌治疗及判断预后提供理论依据。     

DCLK1和Snail在三阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 研究DCLK1和Snail在三阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达,分析二者与临床病理参数的关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测DCLK1和Snail在60例三阴性乳腺癌及30例癌旁组织中的表达.结果 DCLK1和Snail在三阴性乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为50％、53.3％,癌旁正常组织中DCLK1和Snail的表达率为10％、6.7％.三阴性乳腺癌组织中DCLK1和Snail的表达与肿瘤的组织学分级、临床分期和淋巴结转移有关.组织学分级越高,DCLK1和Snail的表达率越高.有淋巴结转移组表达率高于无淋巴结转移组,Ⅲ+Ⅳ期患者高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ期患者.DCLK1和Snail在三阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达成正相关.结论 三阴性乳腺癌组织中DCLK1和Snail均有表达,DCLK1可能调节Snail通过E MT促进侵袭、转移.     

18F-FDG PET/CT半定量参数与乳腺癌病理特征的相关性研究

目的 分析18 F-FDG PET/CT半定量参数与乳腺癌病理特征的相关性,研究MTV、TLG预测其病理特征的价值.方法 回顾性分析40例乳腺癌患者.依据病理特征分组,独立样本t检验比较组间MTV、TLG差异,选取其中与MTV、TLG相关的病理特征分别行多重线性回归分析.结果 MTV:单因素分析示高核分级(III级)(t=2.393,P=0.022),高T分期组(T3～T4期)(t=3.546,P=0.003),有淋巴结转移(t=2.951,P=0.007),Ki-67高表达(≥20％)(t=3.267,P=0.003),HER2阳性(t=2.156,P=0.040)及三阴性乳腺癌(t=2.53,P=0.015)均与高MTV相关.多因素分析示高T分期(T3～T4期)与高MTV相关(P=0.015).TLG:单因素分析示高核分级(Ⅲ级)(t=3.091,P=0.005),高T分期(T3～T4期)(t=3.081,P=0.007),有淋巴结转移(t=3.274,P=0.002)及三阴性乳腺癌(t=2.73,P=0.009)与高TLG相关.多因素分析示高核分级(III级)、高T分期(T3～T4期)及三阴性乳腺癌与高TLG相关(P=0.04,P=0.03,P=0.021).结论 乳腺癌原发灶高MTV与高T分期(T3～T4期)相关,高TLG与高核分级(Ⅲ级)、高T分期(T3～T4期)及三阴性乳腺癌相关,18 F-FDG PET/CT半定量参数对于预测乳腺癌病理特征有重要的参考价值,有助于临床筛选三阴性乳腺癌.     

浸润性乳腺癌ER、PR、HER-2、E-cadherin、CK5/6检测与临床预后关系

目的 探讨ER、PR、HER-2、E-cadherin、CK5/6检测与浸润性乳腺癌(invasive breast cancer,IBC)临床预后关系.方法 应用ER、PR、HER-2、E-cadherin、CK5/6抗体,对64例IBC患者进行免疫组化检测,检测结果后行统计学分析.结果 64例IBC中ER、PR、HER-2、E-cadherin、CK5/6阳性表达率分别为60.93%、56.25%、37.50%、89.06%、10.94%.经统计学分析,ER与PR表达呈正相关(r=0.646,P=0.000);ER与HER-2、CK5/6表达呈负相关(r=-0.320,P=0.010;r=-0.385,P=0.002);PR与HER-2、CK5/6表达呈负相关(r=-0.392,P= 0.013;r=-0.362,P=0.003).采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法分析,ER、CK5/6在组织学分级中有统计学意义(P<0.05).患者在不同年龄、是否绝经、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、有无淋巴结转移及肿瘤分期之间,PR、HER-2和E-cadherin均无统计学意义(P>0.05).ER、CK5/6在患者的不同年龄、是否绝经、肿瘤大小、有无淋巴结转移及肿瘤分期之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).采用Kaplan-Meier法,生存曲线间的比较采用Log-rank检验,总生存率(OS):HER-2或CK5/6阳性患者较阴性患者低(OS:P=0.048和P=0.041).E-cadherin阳性患者较阴性患者总生存率(OS)高(OS:P=0.038).但ER、PR的表达与总生存率相关性无统计学意义(OS:P>0.05).患者的组织学分级越高,总生存率(OS)越低(OS:P=0.048).患者在不同年龄、是否绝经、肿瘤大小、有无淋巴结转移、临床分期与总生存率(OS)相关性无统计学意义(OS:P>0.05).结论 IBC中ER、PR、E-cadherin表达丧失,HER-2或CK5/6呈阳性表达,组织学分级呈高级别,提示IBC患者预后较差.联合检测IBC组织中ER、PR、HER-2、E-cadherin、CK5/6的表达,可为IBC临床预后评估提供有力依据.     

乳腺癌中CD47的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨CD47在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测217例乳腺癌组织芯片和40例乳腺良性病变组织中CD47蛋白的表达,分析其表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征、肿瘤复发及生存率的关系。结果乳腺癌组织中CD47蛋白表达水平显著高于乳腺良性病变组织(P0.01),且其表达与乳腺癌TNM分期、组织学分级、ER、PR表达明显相关(P均0.05);与患者年龄、绝经状态、HER-2表达情况无显著相关(P均0.05)。CD47蛋白在复发组中的阳性率明显高于未复发组(P0.05),是乳腺癌复发的特征之一。此外,CD47蛋白阳性的乳腺癌患者5年无瘤生存率低于其阴性的乳腺癌患者,但差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论 CD47在乳腺癌组织中高表达,与患者的TNM分期、组织学分级、ER、PR表达及其肿瘤复发均相关,检测其表达具有一定临床意义。     

HIF-1α、ALDH1 和Hedgehog 信号通路协同促进三阴性乳腺癌中癌症干细胞活化的相关性研究

目的:探讨HIF-1α、ALDH1 和Hedgehog 信号通路在三阴性乳腺癌中癌症干细胞活化的相关性及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫磁珠法从三阴性乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231 细胞中分选出ALDH1+乳腺癌干细胞和ALDH1-乳腺癌细胞,采用qRT-PCR 方法比较HIF-1α和Hedgehog 信号传导通路主要分子SHH、PTCH1、SMO、GLI1 在这两种细胞中的表达差异;采用免疫组化方法了解HIF-1α和ALDH1 在三阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达以及与干细胞信号传导通路Hedgehog 的相互关系。结果:HIF-1αmRNA、SMO mRNA 和GLI1 mRNA 在ALDH1+乳腺癌干细胞中的表达均明显高于ALDH1-乳腺癌细胞,差异具有显著统计学意义(P 均<0.05)。在三阴性乳腺癌与非三阴性乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α的阳性表达率分别为90.0% 和70.0%,ALDH1 的阳性表达率分别为93.3%和66.7%,差异均具有显著统计学意义(P 均<0.05)。在三阴性乳腺癌组织中HIF-1α和ALDH1 的表达呈正相关(r =0.53,P<0.01)。HIF-1α的表达与三阴性乳腺癌的淋巴结转移和TNM 分期有关(P 均<0 .05),ALDH1 的表达与组织学分级和TNM 分期有关(P 均<0.05)。HIF-1α与Hedgehog 信号通路分子SHH(r = 0.584,P<0.01)、SMO(r=0.467,P<0.01)和GLI1(r =0.439,P<0.05)的表达呈正相关,ALDH1 与SHH(r =0.426,P<0.05)和GLI1(r =0.394,P<0.05)的表达呈正相关。结论:HIF-1α和Hedgehog 信号通路在ALDH1+ 乳腺癌干细胞中活化,HIF-1α、ALDH1 与Hedgehog信号传导通路可能相互协同激活癌症干细胞从而促进三阴性乳腺癌的恶性进展。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.