热毒宁注射液在儿科的临床应用

热毒宁注射液具有清热、解毒、疏风等作用。其抗病毒疗效优于传统的抗病毒药物,且不良反应少。临床上该药单独或联合其他药物使用时,在儿科疾病的抗感染治疗、控制症状、预防并发症的发生等方面均取得显著疗效。该文就热毒宁注射液在处方分析、药理作用及其在儿科急性上呼吸道感染、肺炎及支气管炎、病毒性肠炎等临床应用予以综述。     

盐酸氨溴索注射液在国内儿科临床的应用进展

盐酸氨溴索注射液是一种具有多种生物学效应的黏痰溶解药。近年来该药的祛痰、增加肺表面活性物质的合成和分泌与抗急性肺损伤的药理作用倍受国内儿科医师的青睐,在临床上广泛用于小儿支气管肺炎、毛细支气管炎、早产儿肺透明膜病、新生儿肺炎及胎粪吸入性肺炎等呼吸系统疾病的辅助治疗。盐酸氨溴索注射液有静脉滴注、雾化吸入、超声电导透皮给药、持续气道内微量泵泵入及静脉输注+雾化吸入联合给药等多种给药途径。现对其在国内儿科的临床应用情况予以综述。     

儿科应用中药注射剂的现状与不良反应分析

中药注射剂在治疗小儿常见病和多发病被广泛应用的同时,出现的不良反应问题也引起临床重视。本文查阅近年来医学期刊关于中药注射剂不良反应的报道,对儿科临床常用中药注射剂常见不良反应情况进行整理分析,总结认为儿科应用中药注射剂产生不良反应的主要原因是组方与成分复杂、易过敏、辨证错误、使用不当等。解决的措施应当是根据临床需要合理应用中药注射剂;从源头上提高中药注射剂质量的安全性;用药过程中明确注射剂组方及药物成分,严格控制用法用量;辨证用药,避免联合用药;用药后加强监护。     

门诊儿童注射室护患矛盾产生原因及防范措施

目的探讨孝感市中心医院门诊儿童注射室护患矛盾的现状、产生的原因及如何采取相应的措施加以防范。方法采取定性研究的方法,对象为特定人群(患儿及其家属),客观、细致、深入地分析了现阶段护患矛盾产生的诸多原因。笔者对此采取相应的整改措施,评价整改措施实施前后护士静脉输液时患儿的一次穿刺成功率、患儿家属的满意度、门诊量、业务收入以及患者家属的投诉率这五个方面的情况。结果整改措施实施后与实施前相比,护士静脉输液时患儿的一次穿刺成功率、患儿家属的满意度、门诊量、业务收入均显著提高,患者家属的投诉率显著降低。结论针对孝感市中心医院门诊儿童注射室护患矛盾的现状及产生的不同原因,采取相应的整改措施后,有效降低护患矛盾的产生,构建了新型的、和谐的护患关系。     

Efficacy and safety of losartan-amplodipine combination--an Indian postmarketing surveillance experience

The present study was conducted among 719 patients enrolled by 109 doctors to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of losartan potassium and amlodipine besylate in Indian patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Out of them 11 patients were dropped out. Of these 708 patients 643 patients received once daily dosage of the combination whereas 10 patients received 1/2 daily, 13 patients received 1 1/2 daily and 42 patients received 1 twice daily dosage of the combination. The mean SBP in the study was 172.89 +/- 19.18 mm Hg baseline. After the 10-day treatment, the mean SBP had significant reduction ie, 13.1% from basal and at the end of day 20 of the treatment, the reduction was 19.13% from the baseline which was significant. Similarly mean DBP was 105.42 +/- 10.85 mm Hg at baseline. After treatment, the mean DBP had significant reduction. After 10- day treatment, there was 12.7% reduction from the baseline and at the end of the treatment ie, after day 20, the reduction was 17.70% from basal, which was significant. Global evaluation of efficacy was done by the physicians; 93.8% of the cases had excellent to good response and 4.9% patients had fair response. Details of any adverse event reported or noted during the treatment with the combination were recorded in the appropriate section of the case record form, whether considered treatment related or not, as reported by the patients. The severity of an adverse event was graded on a 3-point scale as mild, moderate and severe. The most common side-effects reported were oedema of feet (5.08%), ankle oedema (1.98%). Remaining adverse events included some cardiovascular events such as palpitations, gastro-intestinal events such as constipation, miscellaneous events, muscular pain, weakness, generalised swelling, etc. CNS events included giddiness, headache, insomnia, etc.     

舒血宁注射液的临床应用与安全用药

舒血宁注射液是银杏叶提取物(Extract of Ginkgo Biloba,EGB)制成的灭菌水溶液,其有效成分主要为黄酮苷类、萜类内酯活性物质,包括槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素、白果内酯、银杏内酯等。现代研究表明EGB具有扩张心脑血管、改善微循环、提高机体缺氧耐受力、保护神经细胞、拮抗血小板活化因子(PAF)、降低血液黏度、抗血栓、抗氧化、抗病毒     

脑蛋白水解物注射液的生物安全性研究

目的研究脑蛋白水解物注射液的生物安全性。方法对过敏反应、异常毒性、降压物质等非标准收载项目以及细菌内毒素等标准项目进行研究分析,结果用于评价脑蛋白水解物注射液的生物安全性。结果按照设计的质量标准进行检查,1批样品出现了过敏反应,6批样品出现了降压反应,其余样品符合标准要求。结论需要进一步关注脑蛋白水解物注射液的生物安全性问题。     

美罗培南与头孢哌酮-舒巴坦治疗儿科产 ESBLs 菌致支气管肺炎的临床疗效及安全性评价

目的：评价美罗培南与头孢哌酮-舒巴坦治疗儿科产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）耐药菌致支气管肺炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法：入选186例患儿病例,按用药情况分为美罗培南组与头孢哌酮-舒巴坦组,进行回顾性统计研究。采用 spss 22.0统计软件进行数据处理,用 t 检验或χ2检验,比较两组间的基本资料齐同性,统计菌群分布及耐药率,分别计算细菌清除率、治疗有效率及抗菌药物费用。结果：两组病例中共分离细菌186株,主要产 ESBLs 菌为大肠埃希菌（56.99%）和肺炎克雷伯菌（37.63%）。美罗培南组与头孢哌酮-舒巴坦组治疗儿科产ESBLs 菌致支气管肺炎的细菌清除率分别为86.95%及57.44%,总有效率分别为82.60%和87.23%。日平均费用美罗培南组是头孢哌酮-舒巴坦组的7.5倍。结论：美罗培南与头孢哌酮-舒巴坦治疗产 ESBLs 菌致支气管肺炎疗效确切,不良反应发生率低。对产 ESBLs 菌致患儿支气管肺炎首选美罗培南,头孢哌酮-舒巴坦可作为降阶治疗的备选药物。     

注射用炎琥宁在儿童应用的安全性分析

目的 探讨儿童注射用炎琥宁所致不良反应的特点和规律,分析诱发因素,促进临床合理用药.方法 对儿童使用注射用炎琥宁不良反应42例报告进行统计、分析.结果 注射用炎琥宁不良反应发生的年龄全部为11岁以下儿童,男性多于女性;系统损害主要为皮肤、全身性损害及呼吸系统损害;有既往过敏史的患者应用该药发生不良反应的可能性大,不良反应主要在用药60 min内出现.结论 注射用炎琥宁所致不良反应在年龄、ADR发生时间、临床表现上具有一定特点和规律,应规范儿童应用,加强用药过程中监测,确保患者用药安全.     

Evaluation of efficacy,safety and tolerability of valdecoxib in osteo-arthritis patients--an Indian study

Valdecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, has been introduced as a new treatment for osteo-arthritis (OA). The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of valdecoxib, in OA patients in an Indian setting. The present 4-week study was a prospective, non-comparative, assessor blind, single group, multicentric trial with OA patients treated with valdecoxib, 10 mg once a day. Efficacy was assessed by analysing the changes in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analogue scale (VAS), patient's and physician's global assessment of arthritis. The incidence of adverse events was monitored throughout the study. There was a clinical and statistical significant improvement in the mean pain score, stiffness score, physical function, composite WOMAC index score and VAS (p<0.05). Patient's and physician's global evaluation of valdecoxib treatment was very good to good in 84.1% and 83.6% of cases respectively. The present study has shown that valdecoxib, in a dose of 10 mg/day given over 4 weeks, is an effective and safe treatment for the signs and symptoms of OA of hip and knee joints.