莴苣属化学成分及药理活性研究进展

莴苣属植物为1 a生或多年生草本,具有清热解毒、活血祛瘀、理气的功效。本属植物主要含有三萜、甾醇、倍半萜、黄酮及苷类等化学成分,其中一些成分具有保肝、抗炎、抗菌、抗脑缺血等作用。本研究对近年来国内外学者分离得到的化学成分及其药理活性的研究结果作一综述,为该属植物资源的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考和帮助。     

苦瓜属植物的化学成分与药理活性研究进展

苦瓜属（Momordica Linn.）隶属葫芦科（Cucurbitaceae）,约80种,多数种分布于非洲热带地区,我国产4种,主要分布于南部和西南部。该属植物的化学成分主要是四环三萜及其苷类、齐墩果烷型和乌苏烷型五环三萜及其苷类,以及甾体类、有机酸类、氨基酸类等其他类成分。该属植物具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、免疫调节、抗过敏、镇痛、降血压等多种药理活性。为了更好地开发和利用苦瓜属植物的药用价值,现综述1980年以来本属植物的化学成分与药理活性研究概况。     

勾儿茶属植物化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

勾儿茶属(B erchem ia N eck)植物为民间传统药用植物,其所含成分包括黄酮类、苷类、木脂素类、醌类、萜类以及各自或相互形成的多种二聚体。生物活性表明其所含化学成分具有保肝、抑菌、止咳平喘、抗组胺、抑酶等多种作用。概述了国内外对勾儿茶属植物化学成分和生物活性的研究概况。     

雷公藤属植物化学成分研究进展

雷公藤属植物具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗生育等多种药理作用,机理复杂。其化学成分主要为倍半萜、二萜、三萜类和生物碱类。本文综述了近十年来雷公藤属植物化学成分和生理活性成分的研究进展。     

骆驼刺属植物的化学成分与生物活性

骆驼刺属植物分布于荒漠和半荒漠地区,主要含有黄酮类、生物碱类等化学成分.本属植物及其提取物具有止泻、镇痛、松弛平滑肌、强心等多种活性,应用前景良好.     

鬼臼类植物化学成分和生物活性研究进展

鬼臼类植物隶属于小檗科桃儿七属、山荷叶属、八角莲属及足叶草属4个属,在我国已有悠久的药用历史。鬼臼类植物主要活性成分为木脂素类和黄酮类,具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗辐射、抗氧化等生物活性。就鬼臼类植物的化学成分及其生物活性的研究概况进行综述,为鬼臼类植物的研究和开发提供参考。     

斑鸠菊属药用植物化学成分研究

斑鸠菊属植物有多种化学成分,主要有甾体类、萜类、黄酮类、苯丙素类、脂肪酸类以及挥发油类等。其中尤以甾体和萜类化学成分较为多见,其他类别的化学成分的研究相对较少。由于斑鸠菊属植物含有多种化学成分,其药理作用也多有不同,药理研究认为,对糖尿病及高血脂有较好的疗效,并且能够治疗白癜风,提高免疫力,具有抗癌、抗肿瘤的作用。     

紫堇属植物生物碱类化学成分与药理作用

紫堇属植物分布广泛,且多种作为药用,其所含有的生物碱类化学成分主要为异喹啉类生物碱。本属植物及其提取物具有抗心律失常、抗菌、保肝等药理活性,深入研究后可开发为天然药物。     

石斛属植物化学成分研究进展

石斛为珍贵中药材，应用历史悠久。现代药理研究表明石斛具有抗肿瘤、抗衰老及扩张血管等作用，其活性成分引起国内外的关注。该属植物的化学成分主要有生物碱、菲类、联苄类、芴酮、香豆素、倍半萜、多糖及挥发油。重点对近15年来该属植物的主要活性成分进行了较系统的综述，为从石斛属植物中开发利用有药用价值的天然产物提供参考。     

鹅掌柴属植物化学成分、药理及临床应用概况

鹅掌柴属(Schefflera)系五加科(Araliacea)植物,该属植物全球约有200种,广布于两半球的热带地区,部分亚热带地区也有分布,我国有38种,2个变种,主要分布在西南经中南之东南部。其中有十余品种在民间作为药用植物。近年来,国内外对鹅掌柴属植物的研究逐渐增多,现就该属植物的化学成分和药理毒理及临床应用情况进行综述,为该属植物的深入研究和应用提供依据。1化学成分从该属植物中分离得到的化学成分主要为三萜类化合物,另外还有甾体化合物、挥发油、长链烯烃、有机酸、偶氮、醌类等成分。1.1三萜类成分[1-6]鹅掌柴属植物中已发现的三萜类化…     

Analysis of phytochemical profile of Terminalia arjuna bark extract with antioxidative and antimicrobial properties

Objective

To investigate phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity and qualitative thin layer chromatographic separation of flavonoid components, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid compound of Terminalia arjuna.

Methods

For phytochemical screening, some common and available standard tests were done. Antimicrobial bioassay was done through agar well diffusion method. Detection of antioxidant activity and flavonoid compounds were done through thin layer chromatography. Total antioxidant activity was measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in colorimetric method. Aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for total flavonoid determination.

Results

Phytochemical screening showed the active compounds presence in high concentration, such as phytosterol, lactones, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins and glycosides. The antimicrobial activity of extract showed that greater inhibition zone against Gram negative bacteria than Gram positive bacteria. This methanolic extract showed a promising antioxidant activity, as absorption of DPPH redicles decreased in DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Flavonoids components having antioxidant property present in the methanol extract at a level of 199.00 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dried methanol extract in colorimetric method.

Conclusions

The Terminalia arjuna bark extract revealed the presence of bio-active constituents which are known to exhibit medicinal as well as physiological activities.     

Quantification of total phenol,flavonoid content and pharmacognostical evaluation including HPTLC fingerprinting for the standardization of Piper nigrum Linn fruits

Objective:To carry out the physicochemical and phytochemical standardization with high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting of Piper nigrum L.(P.nigrum)fruits in order to ascertain the standard pharmacognostical parameters of this king of spices.Methods:Many standardization parameters like extractive values,total ash value,water soluble ash value and acid insoluble ash,moisture content,loss on drying and pH values of P.nigrum L.fruits were analyzed.The method of Harborne was adopted for the preliminary phytochemicals screening.Analysis of total phenolic and flavonoid contents,pesticides residues,aflatoxin and heavy metals were also performed.CAMAG-high performance thin layer chromatography system was used for fingerprinting of methanolic extract of P.nigrum L.fruits.Results:The results of phytochemicals testing indicated the presence of carbohydrates,phenolic compounds,flavonoids,alkaloids,proteins,saponins,lipids,sterols and tannins in various solvent extracts.Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanolic extract were found to be 1.728 1 mg/g and 1.087 ug/g,respectively.Heavy metals concentrations were found to be within standard limits.Aflatoxins and pesticides residues were absent.Conclusions:The outcome of this study might prove beneficial in herbal industries for identification,purification and standardization of P.nigrum L.fruits.     

Analysis of the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from Tulbaghia species

OBJECTIVE

To assess the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from selected Tulbaghia species.

Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of leaf and root parts of the medicinal herb,Hypochaeris radicata L. for in vitro antioxidant activities

ObjectiveTo analyse qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and evaluate in vitro antioxidant properties of various alcoholic and aqueous extracts of leaf and root parts of Hypochaeris radicata.MethodsPreliminary phytochemical analysis for alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, resins, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids and quantitative phytochemical analysis for alkaloids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, tannins, saponins and ascorbic acid were made by following standard procedures. In vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by assessing DPPH^•, NO^• and ABTS^•+, radical scavenging abilities and assaying the reducing power, β-carotene and antihemolytic activities by adapting standard methods.ResultsThe quantitative phytochemical analysis of this species exhibited the presence of alkaloids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, tannins, saponins and ascorbic acid in considerable quantity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the species, Hypochaeris radicata clearly demonstrated that both the leaf and root parts have prominent antioxidant properties.ConclusionsFrom this study, it can be concluded that the species is effective in scavenging free radicals and has the potential to be a powerful antioxidant.     

Phytochemicals and Their Biological Activities of Plants in Tagetes L.

Tagetes L., the genus in the family Asteraceae, consists of about 30 species spread in South and Middle America as well as Mexico. More than one hundred secondary metabolites have been obtained in phytochemical investigation on the species, some of which have potent biological activities. The advances in phytochemical studies and biological activities of the plants in Tagetes L. from 1925 to 2011 are summarized in this paper.     

Phytochemical screening and anticonvulsant studies of ethyl acetate fraction of Globimetula braunii on laboratory animals

ObjectiveTo investigate the phytochemical properties and the anticonvulsant potential of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanol leaf extract of Globimetula braunii, a plant used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of epilepsy.MethodsThe phytochemical screening was carried out using standard protocol while the anticonvulsant activity was studied using maximal electroshock test in chicks, pentylenetetrazole and 4-aminopyridine-induced seizures in mice.ResultsThe preliminary phytochemical screening carried out on the crude ethanol extract revealed the presence of saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and steroids. Similarly, tannins, flavonoids and steroids/terpenes were found to be present in the ethyl acetate fraction. In the pharmacological screening, 150 mg/kg of the fraction protected 83.33% of animals against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice whereas sodium valproate a standard anti-epileptic drug offered 100% protection. In the 4-aminopyridine-induced seizure model, the fraction produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in the mean onset of seizure in unprotected animals. The fraction did not exhibit a significant activity against maximal electroshock convulsion. The median lethal dose of the fraction was found to be 1261.91 mg/kg.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction of Globimetula braunii leaves extract possesses psychoactive compound that may be useful in the management of petit mal epilepsy and lend credence to the ethnomedical use of the plant in the management of epilepsy.     

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray dry flowers

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts of dried flowers of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray (T. diversifolia) dry flower-a shrubby plant belonging to the Asteraceae family and very common in Brazil, providing data to help prevent premature aging skin.MethodsThe tests of phytochemical screening included total phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. The active antioxidant was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl method.ResultsThe phytochemical screening of T. diversifolia dry flowers revealed the presence of phenolic compounds (tannins, flavonoids and total phenols), while alkaloids and saponins were not detected. The IC₅₀ values showed a strong antioxidant activity of the plant extracts.ConclusionsTherefore, this study suggests the possibility of using dry flowers extracts of T. diversifolia for the prevention of cell aging, as was shown to have significant antioxidant activity.     

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and bronchodialator effect of a polyherbal drug-Shrishadi

Objective

To investigate antimicrobial and bronchodialator effect of hydroalcholic extract of polyherbal drug Shirishadi containing Shirisha (Albezzia lebbeck), Nagarmotha (Cyprus rotandus) & Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum).

Methods

Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method and MIC, MBC, MFC were calculated by micro dilution method. Hydroalcholic extract of this preparation was investigated for its phytochemical analysis, phenol and flavonoid were determined by spectrophotometric method and in vivo bronchodilator effect was analysed by convulsion time.

Results

The phytochemical tests revealed presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The antimicrobial result showed the MIC of 6.25 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and 12.5 mg/mL for Escherichia coli and 12.5 mg/mL against remaining bacteria tested, with strong antifungal activity. The maximum inhibition zone is found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 16 mg/mL. Drug showed significant bronchodilator effect with 27.86% & 36.13% increase in preconvulsion time of guinea pigs pretreated with 100 & 200 mg/kg body weight of extract.

Conclusions

The study reveals that the extracts possess antibacterial activity and antifungal activity in a dose dependent manner. This antimicrobial property may be due to presence of several saponins, further studies are highly needed for the drug development.     

Biochemical changes in phenols,flavonoids, tannins,vitamin E, β-carotene and antioxidant activity during soaking of three white sorghum varieties

Objective

To investigate the changes in total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, vitamin E, β-carotene and antioxidant activity during soaking of three white sorghum varieties.

Methods

The changes in total phenols, total flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids compounds, flavonoid components, vitamin E, β-carotene and antioxidant activity during soaking of sorghum grains were determined.

Results

Total phenols, total flavonoids, tannins, vitamin E, β-carotene and antioxidant activity in raw sorghum were ranged from 109.21 to 116.70, 45.91 to 54.69, 1.39 to 21.79 mg/100 g, 1.74 to 5.25, 0.54 to 1.19 mg/kg and 21.72% to 27.69% and 25.29% to 31.97%, respectively. The above measured compounds were significantly decreased after soaking. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid and cinnamic acid represent the major phenolic acids in Dorado variety. While ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid and caffeic acid represent the major phenolic acids in Shandaweel-6. On the other hand, protocatechuic acid represents the major phenolic acids in Giza-15. Regarding flavonoids components, Dorado was the highest variety in kampferol and naringenin while Shandaweel-6 was the highest variety in luteolin, apigenin, hypersoid, quercetin and christen. Finally, Giza-15 was the highest variety in catechin. Phenolic acids, flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activities were decreased after soaking.

Conclusions

Sorghum varieties have moderate quantities from total phenols, total flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids compounds, flavonoid components, vitamin E, β-carotene and antioxidant activity which decreased after soaking.     

羊开口药材的鉴别方法研究

目的 建立羊开口药材的定性鉴别方法.方法 采收不同产地的展毛野牡丹10批及野牡丹10批作为羊开口药材的来源.采用性状观察、显微鉴别和薄层色谱法方法对羊开口药材进行定性检测,并对薄层色谱法的耐用性进行考察.结果 不同产地的羊开口药材具有相同的性状、显微及薄层色谱特征.薄层色谱法的耐用性考察结果显示薄层层析效果良好.结论 所建立的羊开口(来源于野牡丹和展毛野牡丹)的性状、显微及薄层色谱鉴别方法简便、实用、结果可靠,可用于羊开口的鉴别.