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1.
帕金森病猴苍白球神经元的电生理特性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的 探讨帕金森病(Parkimon disease,PD)猴模型苍白球(globus pallidus,GP)神经元的电生理特性,为研究帕金森病的病理生理过程提供动物实验依据.方法 应用颈内动脉注射1-甲基4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氧吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyri-dine,MPTP)建立PD猴模型.在立体定向仪引导下记录造模前后猴病理及正常生理状态下GP神经元的放电活动,并对其放电模式进行分析.结果 电生理记录显示外侧苍白球神经元(29个)放电频率在生理状态下为(4.39±2.10)Hz,在病理状态下(34个)为(9.69±4.99)Hz(P<0.05);内侧苍白球神经元放电频率在生理状态下(25个)为(2.69±1.57)Hz,在病理状态下(31个)为(17.50±4.94)Hz(P<0.01);在记录到内侧苍白球神经元单一放电时,进行长时间观察并给予APO(0.2 mg/kg)肌注,可见神经元放电频率和振幅明显减低.结论 PD猴模型GP神经元较生理状态下放电频率明显增加,其放电模式也有明显变化,簇状放电模式比例增大.  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨原发性帕金森病的症状与苍白球内侧部神经元电活动的关系.方法22例实施立体定向苍白球切开术治疗原发性PD患者,术中应用微电极记录和肌电记录技术,对内苍白球神经元细胞外电信号和对侧肢体肌电活动进行记录.数据分析包括放电频率,幅度,间期及时程;t检验用来比较GPie和GPii神经元电活动特点.结果在22个针道记录到的428个苍白球神经元簇中,有149个(34%)GPie神经元簇,288个(66%)GPie神经元簇.GPie神经元紧张型自发放电的平均频率是36±16.3Hz;而GPii神经元紧张型自发放电的平均频率是101±34Hz,两组神经元紧张性放电频率的比较显示明显的差异(t检验,P<0.005).另外,苍白球边界细胞放电频率平均为11±3.7Hz.结论苍白球内侧部(GPii)神经元紧张性活动的过度活跃,与原发性PD症状的发生和病理生理过程相关.  相似文献   

3.
目的 观察帕金森病大鼠模型苍白球神经元的电活动.方法 30只大鼠注射6-羟基多巴胺(6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA)建立PD模型,并通过跑步机测试、注射阿朴吗啡诱发旋转和免疫组化检测黑质对模型进行评价;10只大鼠注射含0.2%抗坏血酸的人工脑脊液建立对照组.在立体定向仪引导下记录大鼠在PD病理及正常生理状态下GP神经元的自发放电活动.结果 模型组大鼠中有13只行为学及病理学检测结果符合PD模型标准.电生理记录显示对照组大鼠GP神经元放电频率为(6.04±2.12)Hz,模型组大鼠GP神经元放电频率为(21.10±3.21)Hz(P=0.001).模型组GP神经元簇发放电模式的比例术后4周为59%,术后8周为61%,而对照组GP神经元簇发放电模式的比例在术后4周和8周均为11%.模型组大鼠神经元放电的峰峰间期散点图在100ms以下有一分布密集条带.结论 PD模型大鼠GP神经元较生理状态下放电频率明显增加,簇状放电模式比例增大,ISI序列发生明显变化.  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨微电极记录技术在苍白球切开术(Pallidotomy)中的实际作用及其应用方法.方法对120例帕金森病(PD)患者苍白球内侧部神经元的生理特征进行记录和分析,术后3月内行MR确认毁损灶位置,一年后病情随访.结果1.GP电生理记录所反映的不同频率的Gpe、Gpi及视束细胞电位为毁损治疗提供了解剖层次上的信息;2.Gpi内运动相关细胞分布具有规律性下肢运动神经元位于Gpi的背侧,面及咀嚼肌相关运动神经元位于Gpi最腹侧;上肢运动神经元位于其中.此结果为最终毁损治疗提供了患肢部位上的信息.3.观察到Gpi运动相关神经元中存在较多(30%)多反应神经元,提示在PD状态下Gpi电生理运动过于兴奋活跃.4.提出Gpi微电极记录的主要作用是用于提供Gpi内神经元信息,即有效提供所行针道Gpe、Gpi及视束的电生理信号,而非一定要多针道对Gpi生理空间制图或边缘定位;由此提出‘有效针道'方法.结论此方法操作简单,易于神经细胞微电极记录技术的普及和应用.  相似文献   

5.
目的探究苍白球毁损对帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)相关疼痛的作用,为控制PD疼痛提供依据。方法选取我院2008-02—2009-02收治的54例PD患者进行分组治疗,观察组(n=27)接受苍白球腹后内侧部毁术,对照组(n=27)接受常规药物治疗,比较2组患者治疗前后各时期PD综合评分量表(UPDRS)评分变化及疼痛变化。结果观察组治疗后6周疼痛消除13例,改善12例,治疗后1a疼痛消除9例,改善11例;观察组治疗后6周及1a其疼痛好转率均显著高于对照组;观察组URDPS评分较治疗前明显下降,对照组治疗后半年内URDPS无明显变化,对照组治疗后各时期URDPS评分均显著高于观察组(P<0.05)。结论苍白球毁损术能够明显降低术后1a内帕金森病疼痛程度,对治疗帕金森病具有较好的效果。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨微电极记录技术在帕金森病(PD)苍白球切开术(Pallidotomy)治疗中的实际作用及应用方法。方法对120例PD苍白球内侧部神经元的电生理特征进行记录和分析,术中同时行电刺激检测,随后行射频毁损,术后2周~3月内行MR确认毁损灶位置.1年后病情随访。结果苍白球内侧部(Gpi)运动相关细胞分布具有规律性:下肢运动神经元位于Gpi的背侧.面及咀嚼肌相关运动神绎元位于Gpi最腹侧,上肢运动神经元位于其中,此结果为最终毁损治疗提供了患肢部位的信息:微电极记录在PD手术治疗中的作用主要是用于提供Gpi内神经元信息,即对所行针道异常电生理信号及视束光反应的确认,而非一定要多针道对Gpi或STN生理空间制图或边缘定位,由此提出“有效针道”的方法。结论对于GDi靶点位置的确定,除影象学定位外,微电极记录和电刺激同样重要;微电极记录技术的有效针道方法操作简单,易于临床上对神经核团定位,对GDi靶点定位十分重要。  相似文献   

7.
目的 评价单侧苍白球腹后部毁损术对两种不同类型的帕金森病的近期和远期疗效。方法 应用微电极导向技术对46例帕金森病患者实施了单侧苍白球腹后部毁损术,其中震颤型20例和僵直迟缓型26例。采用“关状态”UPDRS Ⅲ评分对术后1月和术后1年的患者进行疗效评价并分析结果。结果 单侧苍白球腹后部毁损术对两组患者运动症状的近期改善率平均为59%和56%.经一年随访分别下降为54%和17%。结论 单侧苍白球腹后部毁损术稳定地改善震颤型帕金森病.而对僵直迟缓型帕金森病的疗效不稳定,远期疗效较差。  相似文献   

8.
目的 :探讨苍白球腹后部毁损术 (PVP)治疗帕金森病 (PD)的手术方法及疗效。方法 :采用坐标定位结合MRI图象定位 ,在微电极导向下 ,完成对 6例病人单侧苍白球腹后部 (Gpi)的定位 ,并实施毁损。结果 :6例患者的震颤、僵硬及运动迟缓均得到明显改善 ,UPDRS运动部分积分下降 ,无永久并发症。结论 :坐标结合 MRI图象法能准确定位 Gpi,微电极记录是其必要的补充 ,PVP能全面改善 PD患者的症状 ,是一种安全有效的方法。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨帕金森病(PD)猴模型丘脑底核(STN)神经元的电生理特性,为研究帕金森病的病理生理过程提供动物实验依据。方法应用颈内动脉注射MPTP建立PD猴模型。在立体定向仪引导下应用细胞外记录的方法记录"造模"前后猴病理及正常生理状态下STN神经元的放电活动,并对其放电模式进行分析。结果电生理记录显示STN神经元放电频率在生理状态下为2.03±1.12Hz;在病理状态下为9.58±0.85 Hz(P<0.01)。在生理状态下有20个(20/35,57.14%)神经元呈现簇发放电,有15个(15/35,42.86%)神经元呈现连续放电;在PD病理状态下有10个(10/12,85.71%)神经元呈现簇发放电,有2个(2/12,14.29%)神经元呈现连续放电(P<0.05)。生理状态下STN神经元的ISI序列散在分布于30~980ms之间;在PD病理状态下当STN神经元呈连续放电时,ISI分布于50~360ms之间,在150ms以下有一个分布密集条带,当STN神经元呈簇发放电时,ISI分布于30~470ms之间,在40ms以下有一个分布密集条带。结论PD猴模型STN神经元较生理状态下放电频率明显增加,其放电模式也有明显变化,簇状放电模式比例增大,ISI序列发生明显变化。  相似文献   

10.
目的分析微电极引导苍白球毁损术对帕金森病震颤的治疗效果,为震颤型帕金森病外科手术方法的选择提供依据.方法79例震颤型帕金森病患者进行了苍白球毁损术,术前及术后3个月采用VAS(Visual Analog Scale)对患者震颤严重程度进行评估.运用多针道寻找并毁损震颤同步细胞,微电极刺激验证靶点提高手术对震颤的治疗效果.结果79例患者中,术前重度震颤者38例(48.1%)、术后重度震颤2例(2.5%),其中16例(20.3%)震颤完全消除;术中包含震颤同步细胞者68例(86.6%),其中术前重度震颤者33例(48.5%)、术后重度震颤1例(1.5%);79例患者术后震颤改善显著68例(86.1%),在包含震颤同步细胞68例中,震颤改善显著62例(91.2%),P<0.05,有统计学意义.结论微电极引导腹后苍白球毁损术对帕金森病震颤有很好的疗效,显著改善率为86.1%.震颤同步细胞的毁损对震颤的疗效起重要作用,3微电极引导腹后苍白球毁损术应该作为治疗震颤型帕金森病的首选.  相似文献   

11.
The basal ganglia appears to play an important role in behavioral selection. One model (Berns and Sejnowski’s) of basal ganglia function argues that the subthalamic nucleus plays a critical role in this selection process and predicts that the subthalamic nucleus prevents the basal ganglia and its re-entrant circuits with the thalamus and cerebral cortex from developing chaotic oscillations. We tested this prediction by generating three-dimensional sequential interval state space plots of the spike trains from 684 globus pallidus, substantia nigra pars reticulata and subthalamic neurons recorded in intact, subthalamic lesioned and globus pallidus lesioned rats, neurons which had previously been analyzed with more standard statistical methods. Only 1 neuron (a globus pallidus neuron in a subthalamic lesioned rat) of the 684 showed a chaotic attractor. In no case did subthalamic nucleus lesion induce a chaotic firing pattern elsewhere in the basal ganglia.  相似文献   

12.
Experiments are described in which the benzodiazepine portion of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/benzodiazepine receptor and the muscarinic cholinergic receptor were investigated in Parkinson's disease and control brains. Tritiated flunitrazepam and tritiated quinuclindinyl benzilate (QNB) were used to locate and quantify the receptors by autoradiographic and homogenate binding techniques. Densitometric analysis of autoradiographs of the basal ganglia allowed comparison of receptor densities in the post-mortem control and parkinsonian tissue, while homogenate binding experiments gave information concerning receptor affinity and maximum binding capacity. The results indicate that: 1) Binding of flunitrazepam to the benzodiazepine receptor is reduced in the lateral segment of the globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease. This suggests that the GABA-ergic pathway from the putamen to the lateral pallidal segment is overactive in Parkinson's disease. 2) Binding of QNB to the cholinergic receptors of the medial pallidal segment is increased in Parkinson's disease. This finding suggests underactivity of the cholinergic pathway from the pedunculopontine nucleus of the medial pallidal segment. 3) Binding of these ligands in the caudate and putamen of Parkinson's disease is not significantly different from controls. We reviewed the literature concerning the activity of these projections in parkinsonian conditions assessed by different methods and discuss here their implications for the pathogenesis of parkinsonian symptons.  相似文献   

13.
Subthalamic nucleus lesion altered the statistical properties of the firing patterns of globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons recorded in urethane anesthetized rats by increasing the proportion of cells in both structures that fired with a very highly regular pattern (from 25%to 50%). In all cases, the most regularly firing neurons fired at a higher mean rate than did more slowly firing neurons. In contrast, globus pallidus lesion shifted the pattern of substantia nigra neurons towards more irregular firing and induced a bursty pattern in two neurons.  相似文献   

14.
To further define the role of the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) in the development of parkinsonian motor signs, two rhesus monkeys were made parkinsonian with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Behavioral assessments of bradykinesia and akinesia as well as single neuron recordings in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) were performed in both monkeys before and after ablating the sensorimotor portion of GPe. The effects of apomorphine on behavior and neuronal activity were also assessed in the parkinsonian monkeys before and after GPe ablation. We found that lesions in GPe exacerbated parkinsonian symptoms, altered neuronal activity in GPi, and reduced the therapeutic effects of apomorphine. These results support the hypothesis that GPe can influence GPi neuronal activity and is directly involved in parkinsonism. In addition, these data suggest that the inclusion of GPe in pallidotomy lesions for the treatment of Parkinson's disease can block the beneficial effects of antiparkinsonian medications and should be avoided.  相似文献   

15.
The presence of high frequency discharge neurons with long periods of silence or “pauses” in the globus pallidus pars externa (GPe) is a unique identifying feature of this nucleus. Prior studies have demonstrated that pause characteristics reflect synaptic inputs into GPe. We hypothesized that GPe pause characteristics should distinguish movement disorders whose basal ganglia network abnormalities are different. We examined pause characteristics in 224 GPe units in patients with primary generalized dystonia, Parkinson's disease (PD), and secondary dystonia, undergoing single unit microelectrode recording for DBS placement in the awake state. Pauses in neuronal discharge were identified using the Poisson surprise method. Mean pause length in primary dystonia (606.8373.3) was higher than in PD (557.4366.6) (p < 0.05). Interpause interval (IPI) was lower in primary dystonia (2331.63874.1) than PD (3646.45894.5) (p < 0.01), and mean pause frequency was higher in primary dystonia (0.140.10) than PD (0.070.12) (p < 0.01). Comparison of pause characteristics in primary versus secondary generalized dystonia revealed a significantly longer mean pause length in primary (606.8373.3) than in secondary dystonia (495.6236.5) (p < 0.01). IPI was shorter in primary (2331.6 ± 3874.1) than in secondary dystonia (3484.5 ± 3981.6) (p < 0.01). The results show that pause characteristics recorded in the awake human GPe distinguish primary dystonia from Parkinson's disease and secondary dystonia. The differences may reflect increased phasic input from striatal D2 receptor positive cells in primary dystonia, and are consistent with a recent model proposing that GPe provides capacity scaling for cortical input.  相似文献   

16.
壳与苍白球的空间位置关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的调查61只成人整脑122个壳和苍白球的形态与位置,明确两者在脑内空间的位置关系,为脑立体定向手术提供形态学资料.方法在三维切面上作2mm厚的连续切片,获得原始资料,通过统计,并经还原、重建和叠加.结果获得二核团的空间投影轮廓叠加图.结论揭示了壳和苍白球在三维切面上的空间投影轮廓的重叠关系.  相似文献   

17.
Kainic acid (2-4 days) or ibotenic acid (7-9 days) lesions of the globus pallidus or neostriatum altered the responsiveness of subthalamic nucleus neurons to electrical stimulation of the agranular frontal cortex. Three changes in responsiveness were seen following pallidal lesion: a) An increase in the proportion of responding cells as compared to controls (approximately 90% vs. 60%); b) an increase in the total duration of the evoked response (62.5 ms vs. 28.6 ms); 3) an increase in magnitude of response (9.76 spikes per stimulus vs. 3.24). Both an increase in firing rate (17.94 spikes/s vs. 8.23) and a change to a bursty spontaneous firing pattern were seen. Lesion of the neostriatum had fewer but opposite effects including decreased firing rate (7.21 spikes/s) and decreased total response duration (18.9 ms). These results suggest that the normal tonic inhibition of the subthalamic nucleus by the globus pallidus may play an important role in controlling subthalamic neuronal spontaneous activity and responsiveness. The neostriatum may influence the subthalamic nucleus via the globus pallidus. Globus pallidus lesions may have important consequences on the specificity of cortical control of the subthalamic nucleus and may alter subthalamic influence on basal ganglia output.  相似文献   

18.
Movement disorders are common following cerebrovascular accidents and they can be hyperkinetic, including hemichorea and hemiballismus, or hypokinetic, as seen in parkinsonian disorders. Monochorea has also been reported due to stroke, albeit rarely. We report a 47-year-old gentleman who presented with a history of sudden onset choreiform movement of his left lower limb. On clinical examination his motor power was normal and there were no abnormal movements in any other limb. MRI of his brain was suggestive of an infarct in the right globus pallidus interna extending up to the posterior limb of the internal capsule. He was treated with clonazepam and trihexyphenidyl. His movements improved significantly within 3 months. Monochorea in a lower limb due to an infarct in the globus pallidus interna is unusual and highlights the complexity of the pathophysiology of chorea.  相似文献   

19.
Four groups of rats, sustaining a striatal quinolinic acid (QA) lesion, a pallidal QA lesion, a combined striatal + pallidal lesion, or sham operation, were tested in spontaneous and amphetamine-induced activity, spatial navigation in a water maze, position discrimination and reversal in a wet T maze, and food manipulation. The striatal lesion markedly impaired rats' performance on the motor and cognitive tasks. In contrast, rats sustaining a bilateral lesion to the GP in addition to the striatal lesion performed similarly to sham-operated rats on the motor and cognitive tasks, although they showed a transient decrease in activity levels. Given that a similar dysfunction of basal ganglia circuitry is thought to subserve the behavioral alterations seen in QA-lesioned rats and Huntington's disease (HD) patients, the present results raise the possibility that manipulations of the external segment of the globus pallidus (the primate analogue of the rat GP) could ameliorate some of HD symptoms.  相似文献   

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