Directional coronary atherectomy plus stent implantation vs. left internal mammary artery bypass grafting for isolated proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery.

The aim of this study was to compare the short- (< 30 days) and long-term (> or = 30 days) clinical outcomes of left internal mammary artery bypass grafting (LIMA-LAD) and directional coronary atherectomy plus stent implantation (DCA + stent) in the treatment of isolated proximal left anterior descending coronary (LAD) lesions. One hundred and twenty-six patients underwent LIMA-LAD and 132 consecutive patients underwent DCA + stenting. The primary endpoint was the incidence of short- and long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE); the secondary endpoints included any periprocedural events and long-term target vessel revascularization (TVR). We found no significant between-treatment difference in the occurrence of short-term MACE, and the long-term MACE rate per 100 person-years was 3.0 in the LIMA-LAD group and 4.6 in the DCA + stent group. After 5-year follow-up, 79% of the patients in the DCA + stent group and 89% of those in the LIMA-LAD group were still MACE-free. The risk of any periprocedural events was six times lower in the DCA + stent group, and the risk of TVR was six times higher. We conclude that both procedures lead to good short- and long-term follow-up results in isolated proximal LAD disease. As fewer periprocedural events and more TVRs occur after DCA + stenting than after LIMA-LAD, they can be considered valuable alternatives to each other.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在左主干重度狭窄患者中的应用

目的总结左主干重度狭窄冠心病患者行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）的治疗效果和临床经验。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2012年6月,83例左主干狭窄〉70％的患者接受了非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术,其中27例急诊手术,三支病变62例,两支病变21例,术中改为体外循环5例;使用主动脉内球囊反搏7例。结果远端吻合口平均（3．34±0．83）个,死亡2例（2．4％）。随访2个月至2年,仅1例心绞痛复发,余者均未出现心绞痛症状。手术效果及手术并发症的发生与非左主干病变组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论左主干重度狭窄行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术临床效果良好。     

非体外循环和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术生活质量比较

目的:用一个普适生活质量量表和一个疾病特异量表随机对照研究非体外循环和体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者生活质量改变的情况。方法:应用健康标准化量表简短表格36(SF-36),西雅图心绞痛调查问卷(SAQ)分析研究2006-01-2010-10这5年间147例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者资料,其中非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术组96例、体外循环组51例。调查时间是术前1周,术后6～12个月。结果:术前两组患者问卷结果相似。术后6～12个月,SF-36问卷显示在生理职能、社会功能、精神健康等方面,非体外循环组优于体外循环组;SAQ问卷在心绞痛程度、心绞痛频率、生活质量方面,非体外循环组优于体外循环组。结论:术后6～12个月非体外循环较体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术对患者生活质量改善更明显。     

Robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting improves short-term outcomes compared with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting

Background

Robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafts (RACAB) utilizing the da Vinci surgical system are increasingly used and allow the surgeon to conveniently harvest internal mammary arteries (IMAs). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of off-pump RACAB and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) in the short and medium term.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 132 patients with single- or multiple-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent minimally invasive off-pump CABG (OPCAB) between May 2009 and May 2014. The patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical approach, MIDCAB and RACAB group. The anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was performed as regular OPCAB through the incision on the beating heart using regular stabilization devices (Genzyme Corporation). The preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up data, including major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), were compared.

Results

The preoperative data were similar. RACAB significantly shorten the intensive care unit (ICU) stay and postoperative compared with the MIDCAB group (P<0.05). There were 12 (19.7%) patients treated with a two-stage hybrid procedure in the MIDCAB group and 34 (47.9%) patients in the RACAB group (P=0.001). Thirty-day mortality was 1.6% in the MIDCAB group. There were 9 (14.7%) MIDCAB patients and 2 (2.8%) RACAB patients (P=0.013) that developed new arrhythmia. The two groups showed comparable mid-term survival (P=0.246), but the MACCEs were significantly different (P=0.038).

Conclusions

RACAB may be a valuable alternative for patients requiring single or simple multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Although the mid-term mortality outcomes are similar, RACAB improves short-term outcomes and mid-term MACCE-free survival compared with MIDCAB.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后院内传导阻滞的临床分析

目的 分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后住院期间传导阻滞发生及转归的相关因素.方法 将2005年1月至2006年12月在我院行单纯CABG的649例患者按照术前合并传导阻滞情况分为3组:无传导阻滞组(N组)586例,高位传导阻滞组(A组)27例,低位传导阻滞组(B组)36例.记录围手术期各项指标及术中旁路重建情况.结果 N组术后住院期间8.02%发生高位传导阻滞,8.7%发生低位传导阻滞;出院时4.61%仍合并传导阻滞.A组术后住院期间59.21%仍为高位传导阻滞,3.7%出现低位传导阻滞;出院时29.63%仍合并传导阻滞.B组术后住院期间至出院时86.11%仍为传导阻滞.结论 CABG术后新发传导阻滞大多数为可恢复性,高龄可能是术后新发高位传导阻滞的高危因素,而术前心脏结构、功能,冠脉病变程度以及术中心肌损伤,可能与术后新发低位传导阻滞相关.术前合并高位传导阻滞患者在术后多数可以恢复正常,可能与年龄和术前应用药物有关.术前合并低位传导阻滞患者在术后仅有少部分可能恢复正常,采用off-pump手术、减少术中心肌损伤可能是其相关因素.     

Subocclusion of the left anterior descending artery following blunt chest trauma

A 54-year-old man complained of severe angina shortly aftera blunt chest trauma and coronary angiography showed an isolatedsubtotal occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending artery.Bypass grafting was uneventful. Posttraumatic angina or supposedmyocardial contusion may be to coronary injury for which a specifictreatment can be given to limit the extent of myocardial necrosis.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术中骨骼肌化胸廓内动脉的应用

目的 探讨骨骼肌化胸廓内动脉（ITA）用于冠状动脉旁路移植术的优越性。方法采用剪刀和钛夹将骨骼肌化的ITA游离,并将其用于冠状动脉旁路移植术。结果共游离ITA 61根,并顺利用于60例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者,平均获取时间为26．8min。骨骼肌化ITA平均血流量吻合前为86．5ml／min,吻合后为26.4ml／min。随访1～31个月,无心脏相关性死亡和事件发生。结论在冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用骨骼肌化的ITA和带蒂ITA一样安全、有效。     

Low restenosis rate in lesions of the left anterior descending coronary artery with stenting following directional coronary atherectomy

The present study evaluated acute and late results with stenting following directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) for the lesions in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Between April 1995 and January 1997, 200 LAD lesions with ≥3 mm reference vessel diameter were treated with coronary stents. The lesions were divided as to whether or not DCA was performed before stenting; 1) stenting alone (n = 163) and 2) debulking and stenting (n = 37). There were no significant differences in the incidences of complications except for non-Q-wave myocardial infarction that was more frequent in patients with debulking and stenting than in those with stenting alone (13.5% vs. 2.4%, P < 0.05). A greater acute lumen gain (2.85 ± 0.66 vs. 2.25 ± 0.60 mm, P < 0.01) and minimal lumen diameter (3.64 ± 0.56 vs. 3.15 ± 0.41 mm, P < 0.01) after stenting were observed in patients with debulking and stenting than in those with stenting alone. At follow-up patients with debulking and stenting continued to have a greater minimal lumen diameter (2.88 ± 0.72 vs. 2.15 ± 0.85 mm, P < 0.01) and had a lower restenosis rate (6.3% vs. 23.1%, P < 0.05) than those with stenting alone. Stenting following DCA appears to be advantageous in the LAD lesions with ≥3 mm reference vessel diameter. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 45:131–138, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Long-term survival following postoperative myocardial infraction after coronary artery bypass surgery

BackgroundPostoperative myocardial infraction (MI) is a serious complication among patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Data on the impact of postoperative MI on patients undergoing CABG, specifically with respect to their long term outcomes are sparse.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent isolated CABG between January 2014 and December 2016 and identified those who fulfilled the definition of the type 5MI following CABG according to the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction.ResultsA total of 4,642 CABG patients were identified, of whom 141 (3.04%) were diagnosed with postoperative MI. The mean follow-up time was 5.1±2.07 years (range, 4.4–6.9 years). Postoperative MI was more common in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome, when compared to stable angina (22.8% vs. 31.9%; P=0.011) and in those with non-elective versus planned surgery (28.4% vs. 18.4%; P=0.003). Postoperative MI after CABG was associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications, including cardiac tamponade and re exploration for bleeding. Mortality after postoperative MI was higher at short-term follow-up (up to one year) and long-term follow-up (up to five years). The risk factors for postoperative MI after CABG were incomplete revascularization (IR) [OR (95% CI): 2.25 (1.59–3.12), P=0.001], non-elective surgery [OR (95% CI): 1.68 (1.10–2.54), P=0.015] and female gender [OR (95% CI): 1.48 (1.01–2.18), P=0.045].ConclusionsPMI after CABG is associated with reduced short- and long-term survival. The main risk factors for postoperative MI are IR, female gender, and non-elective surgery.     

Progression of left main coronary artery stenosis following left anterior descending coronary artery angioplasty

Although recent clinical experience indicates a high success rate, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is still associated with serious complications which usually occur during or shortly after the procedure and are principally related to the lesion or segment of vessel being dilated. We report 2 cases of subacute progression within months of left main stenosis following successful, uncomplicated left anterior descending (LAD) coronary PTCA. Identification of left main trunk involvement may mandate earlier follow-up or intervention.     

冠状动脉旁路术与左心室功能关系研究

目的研究冠状动脉旁路术（CABG）术前与术后早期左室功能的变化,并找出其影响因素。方法 103例行CABG术患者,应用心脏彩色多普勒超声测定其术前及术后4～7 d左室射血分数（LVEF）、缩短分数（FS）及二尖瓣血流E峰与A峰的比值（E/A）。结果术后LVEF值、FS值较术前减低（P〈0.01）;术前LVEF值、术前FS值、左前降支狭窄程度、NYHA心功能分级是影响左室功能下降的主要因素。结论 CABG术后早期可出现左室收缩功能下降,为缺血再灌注后的心肌顿抑现象,应积极加以治疗。     

Redo off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting via a left thoracotomy

Re-operative coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is more complicated than the initial CABG and it may also be more hazardous because of risk factors related to median resternotomy, such as cardiac injury and damage to the patent grafts due to sternal adhesion.1 Deciding on the appropriate treatment for recurrent coronary artery disease (CAD), especially conditions such as non-left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ischaemic lesions during the existence of patent left internal thoracic artery-to-left anterior descending coronary artery (LITA–LAD) anastomosis is a dilemma.2If the patient is unresponsive to medical therapy, and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and/or stenting is not appropriate for revascularisation, alternative surgical strategies, excluding resternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), may be the most appropriate way of revascularising the branches of the circumflex artery (Cx) or right coronary arteries (RCA) (non-LAD territories).3-5 In selected patients, off-pump redo CABG for the branches of the Cx via a posterolateral thoracotomy may reduce the risks due to median resternotomy and dissection of the heart.This procedure to avoid resternotomy and CPB has become an established and popular way of revascularising recurrent coronary artery disease in the lateral aspect of the heart. In this article, we share our experience of 32 patients who underwent redo CABG for the Cx and its branches via a left posterolateral thoracotomy.     

冠心病伴重度心功能不全患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术22例临床分析

目的:分析心功能不全冠心病患者行非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥(OPCABG)的临床资料,总结围术期规律,提出治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年6月,同一术式手术的22例射血分数(EF)<30%的冠心病患者行OPCABG的资料(组1)。同时随机选择同数目的 EF在30%～40%(组2),>40%(组3)的患者的资料作对比。结果:所有患者均痊愈出院。组1与组3比较,在院术前调整天数,室壁瘤手术例数,IABP使用例数及时间,ICU停留时间,使用强心药种类,术后住院天数和住院费用,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组2、组3术后住院天数,住院费用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:心功能不全患者行OPCABG风险大,手术费用高,所占医疗资源多,应慎重选择病例。此类患者通过合理方式的再血管化,积极的围术期处理,亦可得到良好的治疗效果。     

Initial experience with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is clearly preferable for patients with extracardiac complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial outcome of OPCAB, and its validity for patients with extracardiac complications. One hundred and fifty-seven consecutive coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients were divided into two groups: 30 OPCAB patients and 127 on-pump CABG patients. The early outcomes of the two groups were compared. Preoperatively, OPCAB patients had more extracardiac risk factors than on-pump CABG patients. There were no differences in age or cardiac function between the groups, but the off-pump group had a higher incidence of previous surgery, cerebrovascular disease, and renal failure. There were no differences in graft patency, stroke, or mortality between the two groups, even though the OPCAB patients had more risk factors than the on-pump patients. Our initial experience with OPCAB showed that it is acceptable for high-risk patients in view of the serious nature of their extracardiac condition. Received: April 12, 2001 / Accepted: August 17, 2001     

冠状动脉左主干病变的治疗策略

冠状动脉(冠脉)左主干病变首选冠脉搭桥手术(CABG),尽可能选择不停跳CABG。急诊CABG风险较高,手术适应证①严重的左主干病变(>75%),尤其"无保护"左主干病变;②左主干病变>50%,并(或)有3支病变,出现严重的危及生命的室性心律失常;③左主干病变伴有急性冠脉综合征。     

189例重症冠心病的冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的:提高重症冠心病人冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术疗效。方法:回顾性分析189例重症冠心病的冠状动脉旁路移植术资料。其中应用体外循环157例,非体外循环32例;搭桥数1～6(平均3.49±1.04)支/人。对手术方法、主要并发症和术后处理进行分析总结。结果:二次开胸4例(2.1％),低心排综合征9例(4.8％),应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)4例(2.1％),反复发作房颤17例(9.0％),胸腔积液27例(14.3％),肺功能不全6例(3.2％),脑合并症3例(1.6％),肝功能不全5例(2.6％),肾功能不全6例(3.2％),死亡7例(3.7％),其余病人康复出院。结论:合理的选择病人,成熟的手术技术,良好的心肌保护,停机困难者IABP的尽早应用及术后处理的加强是提高重症冠心病人冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效的重要措施。     

Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation vs. minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents (DESs) versus minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) surgery in the management of patients with proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis. Until recent years, despite the advantages of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with bare metal stent implantation, such as shorter hospital stays and recovery time, MIDCAB showed better results with regard to the need for repeated intervention in the target vessel than PTCA with proximal LAD lesions. Symptomatic patients (n = 189) were randomly assigned to DES group (n = 119) and MIDCAB group (n = 70). Patients with an isolated high-grade lesion (stenosis of > or = 70% of the luminal diameter) in the proximal LAD coronary artery (from the ostium to the first diagonal branch) were included in this study. During the 6-month follow-up period, 1.7% (n = 2) in the DES group needed repeated revascularization procedures for target lesion revascularization compared with 5.9% (n = 4) in the MIDCAB group (P = 0.196). The rates of death and myocardial infarction were similar in both groups [DES 0.0% (n = 0) vs. MIDCAB 2.9% (n = 2), P = 0.135; DES 1.7% (n = 2) vs. MIDCAB 2.9% (n = 2), P = 0.627; respectively] during 6 months of follow-up. In-hospital length of stay was significantly shorter in the DES group compared with the MIDCAB group (5.8 +/- 2.1 days vs. 8.9 +/- 2.6 days; P = 0.001). DES implantation and MIDCAB surgery showed similar rates of myocardial infarction, the need for repeated revascularization, and death during 6 months of follow-up. However, DES implantation resulted in lower average number of hospital stays and similar postoperative complications.