小剂量抗CD3单克隆抗体治疗肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的临床研究

目的探讨应用小剂量抗CD3单克隆抗体(OKT3)治疗肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的效果和安全性.方法将33例发生早期急性排斥反应的肾移植病人分为两组,A组16例(OKT3 5 mg/d);B组17例(OKT3 2.5mg/d).观察排斥反应逆转情况及感染的发生率.结果A组13例(81.25%)急性排斥反应逆转,移植肾功能恢复正常;1例移植肾自发性破裂行移植肾摘除术,2例移植肾失功恢复血液透析.B组15例(88.24%)急性排斥反应逆转,移植肾功能恢复正常;1例移植肾自发性破裂行移植肾摘除术,1例移植肾失功恢复血液透析.两组排斥反应逆转率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).A组合并感染43.75%,B组5.88%;两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论小剂量OKT3治疗肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的效果良好,并发症少,且费用较低.     

透析方式对肾移植术后的影响

目的　探讨不同透析方式对肾移植术的影响。方法　透析时间大于 3个月的肾移植患者 5 16例 ,按照透析方式分为两组 ,血液透析 (HD)组 (n =394 )与腹膜透析 (PD)组 (n =12 2 ) ;记录两组患者肾移植术后 1年内并发症发生情况。结果　HD组与PD组患者肾移植术后超急性排斥的发生率差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;两组患者急性排斥的发生率分别为 13 5 8%和 2 3 97% (P =0 0 0 5 ) ,细菌感染的发生率分别为 8 4 6 %和 15 7% (P <0 0 5 ) ,活动CMV感染的发生率分别为 2 5 13%和 16 5 3% (P <0 0 5 ) ,CMV肺炎的发生率分别为 7 4 4 %和 2 4 8% ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。HD组患者因超急性排斥切除移植肾 4例 ,急性排斥反应切除移植肾 3例 ,严重感染切除移植肾 1例 ,因败血症死亡 1例 ,因CMV肺炎呼吸衰竭死亡 4例 ,因心力衰竭死亡 2例 ;PD组患者因超急性排斥及急性排斥反应切除移植肾各 1例 ;因化脓性腹膜炎及真菌性败血症死亡各 1例 ;其余患者经治疗预后良好。结论　PD患者的免疫活性高于HD患者 ,并更易发生感染 ,在肾移植术围手术期应注意透析方式造成的影响。     

PRA配型技术在肾移植中的应用研究

目的探讨群体反应性抗体 (PRA)配型新技术对肾移植近远期的效果。方法 85 4例患者肾移植前运用PRA新技术进行组织配型 ,并行血浆置换 ,未采用PRA组织配型的 42 3例作为对照 ,观察肾移植术后免疫指标变化、近期 (AR)发生率以及对长期存活的影响。结果未采用PRA组织配型组发生超急性排斥反应 (HR) 9例 (2 1% )、急性排斥反应 198例 (47% ) ;1年人/肾存活率 86 7% /76 3%、3年人 /肾存活率 72 5 % /6 7 9%、5年人 /肾存活率 6 9 5 % /4 9 3%。采用PRA配型新技术共 85 4例 ,肾移植术后未发生超急性排斥反应 ,发生急性排斥反应 16 2例 (19 0 % ) ,1年人肾存活率达 97 3% /95 0 %、3年人肾存活率 92 0 % /84 2 %、5年人 /肾存活率 87 0 % /81 6 %。结论PRA阴性配型可杜绝超急性排斥反应发生 ,降低急性排斥反应发生率 ,提高人 /肾长期存活率。     

群体反应性抗体技术及HLA配型在1700例肾移植中的应用研究

目的探讨群体反应性抗体(panel reactive antibody,PRA)、HLA配型技术对肾移植近远期的效果。方法对拟行肾移植的患者运用PRA检测、HLA组织配型,要求HLA抗原3~6个位点相合,PRA阳性(20%以上)给予3~5次血浆置换,共1 700例作为第一组,未采用PRA、HLA组织配型的423例患者为第二组。观察两组肾移植术后免疫指标变化,近期急性排斥反应发生率以及HLA-A、B、DR位点对长期存活的影响。结果第一组肾移植术后环孢素A(cyclosporine A,CsA)用量减至5~7 mg·kg-1·d-1,移植肾功能恢复时间2~16 d,平均5 d,均未发生超急性排斥反应,发生急性排斥反应252例(14.8%),1年人/肾存活率高达98.6%/96.7%,3年人/肾存活率93.1%/87.3%,5年人/肾存活率88.1%/83.6%。第二组肾移植术后CsA用量8~12 mg·kg-1·d-1,移植肾功能恢复时间4~30 d,平均13 d,发生超急性排斥反应者9例(2.1%),急性排斥反应198例(46.8%),1年人/肾存活率86.7%/76.3%,3年人/肾存活率72.5%/67.9%,5年人/肾存活率69.5%/59.3%。结论PRA阴性加良好的HLA配型可杜绝超急性排斥反应的发生,降低急性排斥反应发生率,提高人/肾长期存活率。     

肾移植术后长期应用环孢素2332例的临床远期随访?

目的：总结肾移植术后长期应用环孢素( CsA)的临床经验。方法分析接受首次肾移植、术后长期服用CsA 并维持随访的受者2332例。根据患者的年龄分为儿童组(<18岁)27例,成人组(18~60岁)2086例,高龄组(>60岁)219例,计算所有患者及分组的排斥反应发生率和1、3、5、10年人、肾存活率,并以成人组为对照,分别与儿童组、高龄组进行上述指标的比较。统计长期服用CsA不良反应的发生率。结果所有患者、儿童组、成人组以及高龄组急性排斥反应( AR)发生率分别为17．0%、40．7%、17．1%、13．2%,慢性排斥反应( CR)发生率相应为13．2%、29．6%、13．4%、9．1%;1、3、5、10年人、肾存活率分别为：所有患者97．0%/96．7%、93．2%/86．2%、88．4%/82．7%、83．4%/65．4%,儿童组96．3%/96．3%、92．6%/85．2%、88．9%/81．5%、81．5%/63．0%,成人组97．5%/96．9%、93．4%/86．1%、88．9%/82．8%、84．0%/65．3%以及高龄组94．5%/94．1%、91．8%/87．2%、83．6%/82．2%、78．1%/66．2%。儿童组AR、CR发生率高于成人组(P=0．003, P=0．022),但人/肾存活率与成人组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0．34, P=0．08)。高龄受者CR发生率低于成人组(P=0．035),生存率低于成人组(P=0．009),AR和移植肾存活率与成人组类似(P=0．074, P=0．28)。 CsA的不良反应有：肝功能损害(16．5%)、肾中毒(17．7%)、高脂血症(17．4%)、高血压(32．8%)、糖代谢异常(13．2%)、牙龈增生(35．7%)以及多毛(24．1%)等。通过减少 CsA剂量、免疫抑制剂联合用药、对症治疗等措施,多数患者症状消失或缓解。结论 CsA是一种安全、有效的免疫抑制剂,除可用于成人肾移植之外还可用于儿童及高龄受者。移植术前良好的HLA配型,CsA精准浓度调控以及联合用药有利于降低CsA剂量,从而减少CsA不良反应的发生。     

去白细胞血成分在器官移植中的应用

目的　观察去白细胞血成分在肝、肾、心脏、小肠移植术中输血的临床意义 .方法　观察输注去白细胞血成分 (A组 )移植患者 16例 (肾移植 6例、肝移植 4例、心脏移植 5例、小肠移植 1例 )和输注未去白细胞血成分 (B组 )患者 2 3例 (肾移植 16例、肝移植 1例、心脏移植 5例、小肠移植 1例 )的淋巴细胞毒试验、HLA群体反应性抗体PRA水平、非溶血性发热输血反应 (NHFTR)、急性排斥反应发生率及输血后移植物抗宿主病 (TA GVHD)的发生情况 .结果　A组患者 16例中发生过敏性荨麻疹和急性排斥反应各 1例 ,B组患者 2 3例中发生NHFTR 9例 (43.4 % )和急性排斥反应 13例 (5 6 .5 % ) ,两组有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;A组淋巴细胞毒交叉配合试验阳性率低于B组 (<10 %vs >80 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;A组输血后PRA <10 % ,B组 >10 % (10 %～ 85 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) .A组无GVHD发生 ,B组发生GVHD 1例 .结论　器官移植输注去白细胞成分血安全有效 ,有利于移植器官成活 ,能减少因输注白细胞引起的输血反应 .     

再次肾移植的临床特点及治疗体会

目的 分析影响再次移植肾存活率的各种因素,提高再次移植肾的长期存活率.方法 对39例再次肾移植进行回顾性分析.结果 再次肾移植术后1、3、5年移植肾存活率显著低于初次肾移植(分别为76.5%、64.2%、56.5%和87.1%、75.1%、68.2%, P<0.05);群体反应性抗体(PRA)阳性受者术后急性排斥反应发生率高于PRA阴性受者,使用抗体诱导治疗患者术后急性排斥反应发生率低于未用抗体诱导治疗患者.是否切除失功肾对再次移植肾存活率无明显影响.结论 再次移植肾存活率明显低于首次移植.个体高免疫状态是再次肾移植的危险因素,必须更加严格地进行组织配型,进行抗体诱导治疗有利于再次移植肾的存活.如没有排斥反应及并发症的发生,不主张切除原移植肾.     

肾移植术后早期少尿的护理

肾移植术后尿量多少是肾移植成功与否的直观指标 ,临床上常根据每小时尿量初步判断移植肾功能。我院1995年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月行肾移植术2 4 2例 ,其中术后少尿 5 5例 ,现将术后少尿患者的护理体会报道如下。1　临床资料本组 5 5例中男 35例 ,女 2 0例 ;年龄 2 4～ 5 8岁。肾移植术后发生超急性排斥反应 (HAR) 2例 ,均于 36h内切肾 ;加速性排斥 (ACR) 3例 ,经激素、抗CD3单克隆抗体 (OKT3 )、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)等治疗后未逆转 ,均切肾 ;急性排斥反应 (AR) 2 8例 ,经激素、OKT3 、ATG等治疗后 ,2 6例逆转 ,2例肾切除 ;急性肾…     

移植肾穿刺活检在肾移植术后的临床应用

目的 :探讨移植肾活检在肾移植术后的临床应用价值 .方法 :3 4 (男 2 8,女 6)例均为同种异体肾移植患者 ,平均年龄 3 4 6岁 (18～ 5 2岁 ) ,其中 2 0例术后尿素氮和肌酐正常 ,10例临床诊断为急性排斥反应 ,4例为肾功能延迟恢复 .分别在彩色B超 (2 6例 )和CT引导 (8例 )下行移植肾活检 .结果 :3 4例患者共行穿刺 3 7人次 .一次穿刺成功率为 :B超 89% ,CT 10 0 % .2例术后出现轻度肉眼血尿 ,余无其他并发症 .B超组 (n =2 9)与CT组 (n =8)比较 ,肾小球数 :(13 9± 3 2 )vs(11 1± 4 7) ;动脉数 :(2 6± 0 7)vs (2 1± 1 1) ;不合格标本 :3 (10 3 % )vs 0 ;穿刺时间 :(1.0± 0 5 )minvs(5 0± 1 0 )min(P <0 .0 1) .根据Banff97分类 :肾功正常组 (n =2 0 )中 18例为正常 ,2例为临界改变 .临床诊断为急性排斥反应 (n =10 ) ,急性排斥反应为 7例 ,其中IA2例 ,ⅡA 3例 ,ⅡB 1例 ,Ⅲ 1例 .2例为环孢素A中毒 ,1例为急性肾小管坏死 .肾功能延迟恢复组 (n =4 )中 2例为急性肾小管坏死 ,1例为环孢素A中毒 ,1例为急性肾小管坏死合并急性排斥反应 .临床诊断正确率为 73 5 % .结论 :移植肾穿刺活检能够及时准确地对肾移植术后肾功能异常者进行诊断和疗效判断 .CT介导移植肾活检的穿刺标本质量优于B超     

趋化因子RANTES及MIP-1α在肾移植术后急性排斥反应中的作用

目的探讨趋化因子RANTES及MIP-1α表达在肾移植术后急性排斥反应中的作用.方法采用RT-PCR法分析57例肾移植术后发生急性排斥反应患者及19例未发生反应患者移植肾活检组织中RANTES和MIP-1α的基因表达.结果19例无急性排斥反应肾活检组织中仅4例(21%)轻度表达RANTES,5例(26%)轻度表达MIP-1α.57例急性排斥反应肾活检组织中38例(66.7%)强烈表达RANTES,14例轻度表达,5例无表达;41例(72%)强烈表达MIP-1α,14例轻度表达,2例无表达,两组间比较差异极显著(P＜0.001).结论趋化因子RANTES及MIP-1α表达在肾移植术后急性排斥反应中可能具有重要作用.     

Impact of acute rejection episodes on long-term renal allograft survival

Objective To assess the impact of the number, and time of acute rejection (AR) and outcome of anti-rejection therapy on the long-term survival of renal allografts and the relative risk factors. Methods The Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were used to calculate the survival rates of patients and grafts in no acute rejection group (NAR, 895 patients), 1 rejection episode group (1AR, 183), 2 and more than 2 rejection episodes group (2AR, 17), acute rejection group ［AR (1AR+2AR), 200］, early acute rejection group (within 90 days after transplantation, EAR, 125), late acute rejection group (91 days later, LAR, 58), completely AR reversed group (CAR, 105), and incompletely AR reversed group (IAR, 68). The relative risk factors were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards regression. Results The 5- and 10-year survival rates of renal allografts were 75.4% and 17.1% in AR and 93.2% and 86.5% in the NAR group (P&lt;0.0001). The long-term graft survival was much lower in the 2AR group than in the NAR or 1AR groups (P&lt;0.0001 and P=0.002, respectively). It was similar in either the NAR or CAR groups (P=0.31), but it was significantly lower (P&lt;0.0001) in the IAR group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the outcome of anti-rejection therapy is an important risk factor affecting the long-term survival of allografts. Conclusions AR is significantly associated with poor long-term survival of renal allografts. But the long-term graft survival of patients with one acute rejection but completely reversed is not significantly different from that of patients without acute rejection.     

41例再次肾移植的临床分析

目的：总结再次肾移植的临床经验,提高移植肾的长期存活率。方法：回顾分析1999年1月～2005年12月41例再次肾移植的临床资料,统计移植后受者1、3、5年的移植肾存活率及影响存活率的因素。 结果：再次移植后1、3、5年移植肾存活率分别为85.4％、76.2％、65.8％;再次移植前切除原移植肾患者1、3、5年移植肾存活率分别为88.9％、74.7％、62.2％,术后急性排斥反应的发生率为33.3％;再次移植前未切除原移植肾患者1、3、5年移植肾存活率分别为82.6％、77.1％、68.5％,术后急性排斥反应的发生率为30.4％,二者存活率及急性排斥反应发生率差异均无统计学意义。PRA阳性患者术后急性排斥反应的发生率高于PRA阴性患者,应用抗体诱导治疗的患者术后急性排斥反应的发生率低于未诱导治疗的患者。结论：再次移植前切除原移植肾不能提高再次移植的远期存活率,采用良好的HLA配型及抗体诱导治疗有利于移植肾的存活。     

Impact of human leukocyte antigen matching and recipients′ panel reactive antibodies on two-year outcome in presensitized renal allograft recipients

Background Renal transplantation in sensitized candidates remains a highly significant challenge worldwide. The production of panel reactive antibody （PRA） against human leukocyte antigen （HLA） is a major risk factor in presensitized recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HLA matching and recipients＇ PRA on two-year outcome in presensitized renal allograft recipients.
Methods We determined the percentage of panel reactivity and specificity of anti-HLA immunoglobulin （Ig） G antibodies in 73 presensitized renal allograft recipients compared with 81 unsensitized recipients （control group）. HLA genotyping of both recipients and corresponding donors was performed by PCR with sequence-specific primers （PCR-SSP）. We analyzed the factors influencing the early graft outcome （two-year rejection rates and survival rates of the grafts）, including HLA mismatching, class and degree of panel reactivity, and target antigen of donors.
Results Presensitized recipients had a worse two-year outcome than unsensitized recipients （P=0.019 for rejection rate, P=0.01 for survival rate）. The difference in number of HLA-mismatched alleles with either 6-antigen matching （Ag M） standard or amino acid residue matching （Res M） standard was not significant between the rejection and non-rejection groups of presensitized recipients or between the graft survival group and graft loss group. Compared with the control group, recipients with both PRA-I and PRA-II antibodies had a significantly worse two-year outcome （P=0.001 for rejection rate, P=0.002 for survival rate）. The two-year outcomes of the peak PRA 〉50% group and its subgroup, at-transplant PRA 〉50% group, were significantly worse compared with the control group （P=0.025 and P=0.001 for rejection rate, P=0.043 and P=0.024 for survival rate）. The rejection rates of the at-transplant target antigen positive group and its subgroup, HLA-I target antigen positive group, were significantly higher than the control group （P=0.001 and P=-0.001）, target antigen negative group （P=0.003 and P=0.001）, and peak target antigen positive with negative at-transplant target antigen group （P=0.024 and ,0=-0.002）. Two-year graft survival rates of the target antigen positive group and HLA-I target antigen positive group were significantly lower than the control group （P=0.012 and ,P=0.001）. The two-year outcome of target antigen unknown group was similar to that of the target antigen positive group. Presensitized recipients with pre-transplant plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption （PRA prepared group） had a better but non-significant two-year outcome than the control group. However, the PRA unprepared presensitized recipients were different to the control group （P=-0.004 for rejection rate and P=-0.005 for survival rate）. Hyperacute rejection （HR） occurred in three recipients with positive HLA-I target antigen and without mismatch according to Res M and in one case with positive PRA-II （for an unknown target antigen）. No HR occurred in eight cases with positive HLA-II target antigens.
Conclusions Pre-transplant PRA preparations might improve the access of presensitized patients to renal donors. Avoiding antigen-positive donors remains a fundamental measure in preventing HR and early rejections.     

趋化因子及受体在肝移植术后急性排异早期诊断中的作用

目的探讨肝移植手术前后趋化因子(M ig、IP10、ITAC)及其受体(CXCR3)的动态变化在术后急性排斥(AR)早期诊断中的作用。方法30例肝移植患者,于移植前1天及术后不同时间点分别检测血清M ig、IP10、ITAC水平及外周血淋巴细胞CXCR3的表达;分析发生AR者用激素冲击治疗后上述指标的变化及其与排斥活动指数(RAI)的关系。结果肝移植术后发生AR者(AR组)和未发生AR者(NAR组)M ig、IP10、ITAC水平和CXCR3表达均显著上升(P<0.01);NAR组在常规免疫抑制治疗后5~7 d,上述监测指标下降至术前水平,而AR组患者则持续增高,至激素冲击治疗逆转AR后下降。M ig、IP10、ITAC水平及CXCR3表达与RAI计分呈正相关。结论血清中趋化因子M ig、IP10、ITAC和外周血淋巴细胞CXCR3的表达与排斥反应密切相关,可作为诊断AR和观察抗排异疗效的参考指标。     

肾移植术后特异性人类白细胞抗原-Ⅱ类抗体对移植肾长期存活的影响

目的 评价肾移植术后特异性人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-Ⅱ类抗体对移植肾长期存活的影响。方法 采用前瞻性队列研究,通过酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测118例肾移植患者围手术期特异性HLA—Ⅱ类抗体水平,随访观察抗体对移植肾长期存活的影响。结果 （1）生存分析提示HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性组第3、第4年移植肾存活率明显低于抗体阴性组（第3年：78．6％vs84．4％,第4年：71．4％vs80．0％,P=0．002）;排除受者死亡因素后,HLA—Ⅱ类抗体阳性组移植肾存活率仍然低于抗体阴性组（第3年：85．7％vs92．2％,第4年：82．1％vs90．0％,P=0．003）。（2）HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性组患者第3、第4年移植肾功能下降的比例高于抗体阴性组（第3年：39．3％vs33．3％,第4年：46．4％vs38．9％,P=0．001）。（3）HLA-Ⅱ类抗体阳性组和阴性组比较,晚期急性排斥发生率的差异无统计学意义（10．7％vs13．3％,P〉0．05）。结论 术后特异性HLA-Ⅱ类抗体可能是影响移植肾长期存活的的重要因素之一,移植后HLA-Ⅱ类抗体水平的动态变化可以从一个侧面反映移植肾的预后情况。     

Simulect 和 Zenapax 应用于肾移植诱导治疗的5年临床观察

目的评价2剂Simulect和5剂Zenapax在肾移植中诱导治疗预防急性排斥反应(AR)的有效性、安全性以及对近、远期人/肾存活的影响。方法选择1999年4月~2001年4月首次肾移植患者102例,分成Simulect组(54例)和Zenapax组(48例),在三联免疫抑制剂基础上(环孢素A/FK506、骁悉、皮质激素)加用Simulect(术前2h和术后第4天分别予20mg静滴)或Zenapax(1mg.kg-1.d-1,最大剂量100mg,首剂术前2h,此后每2周1剂,共5剂)。观察术后3个月内肾功、AR、移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)、急性肾小管坏死情况;术后5年内肾功、排斥反应、并发症及人/肾存活情况。结果术后3个月内AR发生率明显降低(Simulect组:14.8%;Zenapax组:14.6%);首次AR发生时间延迟;激素治疗对大部分AR有效;5年内再次排斥反应发生率为9.3%(Simulect组)和6.3%(Zenapax组)。术后肾功能恢复明显加快,早期及远期肾功能良好。未出现细胞因子释放综合征,仅2例DGF。5年内,感染、糖尿病、高脂血症、恶性肿瘤等未见增加。5年人/肾存活良好,均达95%以上。结论2剂Simulect和5剂Zenapax预防肾移植术后AR的效果好、安全性高,有利于早期肾功能恢复和远期人/肾存活。     

Effects of Bailing capsules for renal transplant recipients: a retrospective clinical study

Background The administration of immunosuppressive agents is always an important factor affecting the long-term survival of organ transplantation recipients.The best therapeutic regimen which either decreases the side effects of immune inhibitors or enhances the immunosuppressive efficacy is the goal of transplantation surgeons continue to search.This study investigated the effects of Bailing (Cordyceps sinensis) capsules on renal function and other systems of the body after renal transplantation.Methods Clinical data of 80 renal transplant recipients who were administered Bailing capsules and 100 renal transplant recipients in the control group were retrospectively analyzed to compare the incidences of graft rejection and infection after transplantation.The results of routine blood and urine tests,liver and kidney functions,uric acid (UA),24-hour urine protein (24 h-Upro),as well as 1-and 5-year patient renal allograft survival rates were compared between the two groups.Results The follow-up was 3-5 years.The two groups were not shown to have statistically significant differences in age,gender,cold ischemia time,donor-recipient human leukocyte antigen typing,panel reactive antibodies,lymphocytotoxicity tests,and the application of immunosuppressive agents at the baseline.The two groups were also not significantly different in the incidence of acute injection after transplantation,recovery of renal function,and blood glucose level.The Bailing group was significantly lower than the control in the incidence of infection,serum aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase,total bilirubin,UA,and 24-hour Upro,but significantly higher than the control group in peripheral red blood cell count and white blood cell count (P＜0.05).One-year and 5-year patient survival rates were 98.7％ and 98.0％,respectively in the Bailing group,95.0％ and 93.0％,respectively,in the control group.One-year and 5-year renal allograft survival rates were 97.5％ and 95.0％,respectively,in the Bailing group,and 92.5％ and 84.0％,respectively,in the control group.The comparison of patient and renal allograft survival rates between the two groups using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test showed that only the differences in renal allograft survival rates were statistically significant (Log-rank:5 years:patient survival P=-0.420; renal allograft survival P=0.049).Conclusion Bailing capsules were effective in preventing allograft rejection,protecting liver and kidney functions,stimulating hematopoiesis,and reducing the incidence of infection and thus are ideal immunoregulators.     

移植肾动脉狭窄的临床危险因素和保护因素

目的分析影响移植肾动脉狭窄的相关因素。方法回顾性分析26例移植肾动脉狭窄（TRAS）患者（TRAS组）的临床资 料,与40例同期肾移植非TRAS患者（非TRAS同期组）对照;TRAS组患者中的14例患者（TRAS同供组）,其同一供肾的另一位 受者（未发生TRAS）,组成巢式对照（非TRAS同供组）。结果与非TRAS同期组比,TRAS组急性排斥反应发生率更高（P= 0.004）,供肾热缺血时间更长（P=0.015）、受者移植后5个月高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平更低（P=0.009）;Logistic 回归结 果表明,AR（P=0.007）、热缺血时间延长（P=0.046）为TRAS危险因素,高HDL-C水平（P=0.022）为保护因素;近年来,越来越多 的TRAS患者能够得到早期诊断,移植至TRAS确诊时间逐年缩短,TRAS确诊时eGFR呈上升趋势。结论除外科手术因素外, 急性排斥反应、热缺血时间延长是TRAS发生的危险因素,而高HDL-C水平为保护因素;超声技术对TRAS诊断水平的提高是 近年来TRAS得到早期诊断的主要原因。     

肝移植术后趋化因子Mig、IP10、ITAC的变化对早期诊断急性排斥反应的意义

目的:观察趋化因子Mig、IP10、ITAC在肝移植术后的变化,探讨其对肝移植术后急性排斥早期诊断的意义.方法:2005年4～9月30例肝移植患者,根据临床表现及病理学检查分为急性排斥组(AR,n=9)(排除3例术后感染患者),非急性排斥组(NAR,n=18).检测患者术前1 d及术后1、3、5、7 d血清中趋化因子Mig、IP10、ITAC的表达,并与同期住院的肝硬化或肝癌患者(肝癌肝硬化组,n=16)以及健康体检者(正常对照组,n=16)进行比较.AR组患者分别于确诊当天以及经激素冲击治疗后3、7 d检测血清中3种趋化因子的表达,并分析确诊当天3种趋化因子表达与肝脏穿刺活检Banff排斥活动指数(RAI)的相关性.结果:肝移植术前1 d AR组、NAR组患者血清Mig、IP10、ITAC表达与肝癌肝硬化组无明显差异,但高于正常对照组(P<0.01).肝移植术后3 d,AR和NAR组Mig、IP10、ITAC的表达水平均有上升,高于术前1 d的表达(P<0.05).AR组9例患者分别在术后11、12和14 d确诊AR发生,术后各时间点患者血清Mig、IP10、ITAC表达明显高于NAR组(P<0.01);确诊AR当天Mig、IP10、ITAC的表达与RAI呈正相关(r=0.88、0.94、0.80).与确诊AR当天相比,经冲击治疗逆转后,3种趋化因子的表达也相应下降(P<0.01).结论:肝移植术后血清中趋化因子Mig、IP10、ITAC的表达可作为早期诊断急性排斥反应辅助特异、敏感的指标.     

Preoperative single-bolus high-dose antithymocyte globulin as induction therapy in sensitized renal transplant recipients

Background Immunological sensitization remains a major problem following renal transplantation. There is no consensus for the management of sensitized renal allograft recipients. The patients become tethered to dialysis while waiting for compatible donors. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative single- bolus high-dose antithymocyte globulin (ATG) as induction therapy in sensitized renal transplant recipients.Methods A total of 56 patients were divided into two groups according to the level of panel reactive antibody (PRA): non-sensitized group (PRA&lt;10%, n=30) and sensitized group (PRA≥10%, n=26). The characteristics of the recipients and donors were comparable between the two groups. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 1 g) or ATG (iv. 9 mg/kg) were given preoperatively in the two groups as induction therapy. After the transplantation, the patients were treated with standard triple therapy regimen consisting of tacrolimus (FK-506) or cyclosporine A, MMF, and prednisolone. Acute rejection (AR) and infection episodes were recorded and renal function was monitored during a 12-month follow-up. χ(2) test and t test were used to analyze the data.Results During the follow-up, 6 patients (20.0%) suffered AR episodes in the non-sensitized group and 4 (15.4%) in the sensitized group (P=0.737); 8 patients (26.7%) experienced 11 infection episodes (average, 1.4 episodes per infected patient) in the non-sensitized group, and 6 (23.1%) experienced 10 infection episodes (average, 1.7 episodes per infected patient) in the sensitized group (P=0.757, 0.890). The safety of the drugs, which was assessed by the occurrence of side effects, was comparable between the two groups. The hospital stay was 13－25 days (mean, 16.7±3.3) in the non-sensitized group and 14－29 days (mean, 16.2±3.1) in the sensitized group, respectively (P=0.563). No delayed graft function (DGF) was observed in all the patients. Both the 12-month actuarial patient and graft survival rates were 100% in the two groups.Conclusion Preoperative single-bolus high-dose ATG is an effective and safe induction therapy yielding acceptable acute rejection rate in sensitized renal transplant recipients.