上颈段颈椎脊髓病

目的：一般认为颈椎脊髓病好发于下颈段Ｃ５６最常见，其次为Ｃ６－７。有时上３个颈椎受累，由于神经系统病变定位困难，尤其ＭＲＩ应用于临床前的影像学缺欠，常使上颈脊髓病被误认作下颈段病变。本文旨在说明上颈段脊髓病的发病，病理及神经系统症状特点，方法：对１５６例颈椎脊髓病中２８例上颈段病变的临床表现，影像学特点，手术所见及随访结果作了研究，诊断依据为肱二头肌腱反射亢进，试图引进肱二头肌或肱桡肌反射时，出现     

"跳跃型"多节段脊髓型颈椎病16例治疗

目的探讨"跳跃型"多节段脊髓型颈椎病的病情特点与治疗方法.方法 16例"跳跃型"多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,男性11例,女性5例,平均年龄53.4岁,平均病程14个月,病变累及跳跃的2个功能节段者11例,累及跳跃的3个功能节段者5例,术前JOA评分为8.1分.对于跳跃一个节段累及2个功能节段的病例采用受累节段减压融合+跳跃节段融合+内固定,对于累及2个节段以上或跳跃间隙大于2个节段者采用受累节段减压融合+头颈胸石膏外固定.结果 16例获平均18个月随访,手术有效率93.8%,优良率68.7%,术后JOA评分平均为14.5分,所有病例均获骨性融合,无假关节形成.结论跳跃型多节段脊髓型颈椎病病情复杂,采用多节段减压融合+内固定或可靠的外固定,可获良好治疗效果.     

AO带锁型钢板螺钉在脊髓型颈椎病的应用

本文报告了应用 Ａ Ｏ 带锁型钢板螺钉（ Ｃｅｒｖｉｃａｌ ｓｐｉｎｅ ｌｏｃｋｉｎｇ ｐｌａｔｅ, Ｃ Ｓ Ｌ Ｐ）治疗脊髓型颈椎病（ Ｃｅｒｖｉｃａｌｓｐｏｎｄｙｌｏｔｉｃ ｍ ｙｅｌｏｐａｔｈｙ, Ｃ Ｓ Ｍ ）２８ 例的结果,对 Ｃ Ｓ Ｌ Ｐ的特点及应用指征、手术方法加以探讨。全部病例获得随访３～１２ 个月（平均７．５ 个月）。 Ｊ Ｏ Ａ 术前得分平均：９．６±２．８ 分,术后随访得分平均：１６．４±１．０ 分。恢复率：８８．９±９．６％ ,优良率：９６．３％ ,表明这一技术在 Ｃ Ｓ Ｍ 治疗中具有重要临床价值。     

Pavlov's Ratio of the Cervical Spine in a Korean Population: A Comparative Study by Age in Patients with Minor Trauma without Neurologic Symptoms

BackgroudThere are many studies on the vertebral body-to-canal ratio, the so-called Pavlov''s ratio of the cervical spine. However, there are no studies on its relation with age to clarify each bony component''s contribution to the spinal canal formation and its size. The aim of this study was to investigate differences and changes in the vertebral body-to-canal ratio according to age in an asymptomatic population.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of 280 asymptomatic individuals. A total of 140 men and 140 women representing each decade of life from the first to the seventh were included in this study. The anteroposterior length of the vertebral body and canal from C3 to C6 was measured on sagittal radiographs to calculate the vertebral body-to-canal ratio.ResultsThe average Pavlov''s ratio was significantly larger (p < 0.001) in the first decade of life. The average Pavlov''s ratio of the individuals in the first decade of life was 1.09 between C3 and C6 (1.08 at C3, 1.07 at C4, 1.11 at C5, and 1.13 at C6; range, 0.78–1.51). There was no significant difference among the other decades of life.ConclusionsWe assessed the Pavlov''s ratio of the cervical spine in an asymptomatic population. It is our belief that the spinal canal size is the largest in the first decade of life, and the Pavlov''s ratio becomes almost fixed throughout life after maturity.     

ORION颈椎前路钢板在脊髓型颈椎病中的应用

目的：研究颈前路开槽式减压、自体髂骨移植及 Ｏ Ｒ Ｉ Ｏ Ｎ 颈椎前路钢板固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法：对１６ 例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用经颈前路开槽式减压、自体髂骨移植及 Ｏ Ｒ Ｉ Ｏ Ｎ 颈椎前路钢板固定,术后行 Ｘ线检查,所有病例均获得随访。结果：全部病例神经系统症状均有不同程度的改善,术后３ 个月获得骨性融合,无１ 例发生钢板断裂或螺钉松动、滑脱。结论：脊髓型颈椎病经减压及植骨后辅以钢板内固定将使融合节段更加稳定,更有助于植骨节段的融合, Ｏ Ｒ Ｉ Ｏ Ｎ 颈前路钢板具备高度的内在稳定性,并有操作简便、安全、并发症少、生物相容性良好和不含磁性等优点,有助于脊髓型颈椎病的治疗。     

颈椎病患者颈椎曲度的X线测量

研究国人颈段脊柱颈曲以及伸屈活动度,比较颈椎病患者与正常人之间的差异。方法对３００例成人和３００例临床确诊为颈椎病的患者行动态条件下的Ｘ线测量,测量颈椎屈伸弧度及屈伸活动度。结果正常成人不同年龄组的颈曲值各不同,随年龄的增加,颈曲值减小。     

手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的长期疗效评价

目的：研究脊髓型颈椎病经手术治疗远期疗效及影响疗效因素。材料与方法：报告115例脊髓型颈椎病,对发病因素、病程及影像学表现特征作了分析。全部实施颈前路减压及自体髂骨移植融合,其中16例于术后6个月－2年再次手术。术后随访8年6个月－18年,平均10年4个月。结果：功能评价：优47例（40．87％）,良33例（28．69％）,可12例（10．43％）及差23例（20％）。根据40分评分法,平均提高7．5分,其中36－40分41例,31－36分37例。病程在6个月内,优于1年以上（P＜0．01）。结论：脊髓型颈椎病手术治疗远期效果是肯定的;手术减压时机、病理变化程度及手术技术等对治疗效果有明显影响。     

颈椎病椎板成形手术疗效及相关影响因素分析

目的 :观察脊髓性颈椎病 (cervicalspondyloticmyelopathy ,CSM )后路手术疗效 ,进而探讨相关影响因素。方法 :随访 2 5例行“单开门”椎板成形术 (open doorlaminoplasty ,ODLP)CSM病例 ,依据临床功能改善率分为疗效优良组和一般组 ,统计并比较各组临床及影像学资料 ,观察各因素与ODLP术后疗效的相关性。结果 :①手术前后及随访时临床JOA分值分别为 8.6 0± 2 .93、11.5 2± 2 .71、12 .5 2± 3 .15 ,呈明显增加趋势。②优良组中患者手术时年龄、病程明显短于一般组 ,手术前后JOA分值及术前最狭窄处脊髓面积明显大于一般组。③优良组中后突畸形、颈椎不稳及髓内信号改变者少于一般组。④术前椎管面积 <10 0mm2 或术后 <16 0mm2 时 ,预后较差 ;而当术前椎管面积 >12 0mm2 或术后 >2 0 0mm2 时 ,预后较好。结论 :①ODLP是较为成熟的外科技术 ,疗效满意。②患者年龄、病程、术前病情及受压脊髓面积是决定术后疗效的主要因素。③颈椎曲度、术前颈椎稳定性、髓内信号改变、手术前后椎管面积亦为判断预后的重要指标。     

Cervical myelopathy in patients with congenital cervical block vertebrae

Summary Thirty-two patients with congenital cervical block vertebrae are reviewed. Twenty-nine patients had single level fusion, one had two-level fusion, and the remaining two had multilevel fusion. Eighteen patients had cervical myelopathy; five of these had related trauma and 13 had no history of trauma. The five patients who had cervical myelopathy following trauma underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); three of them had abnormalities in the spinal cord at the segment adjacent to fusion. In all five patients the symptoms and signs were attributed to the segment adjacent to fusion. Myelography, computed tomographic myelography and MRI were performed in 11 of the 13 patients with cervical myelopathy without trauma. In 9 of them maximum compression of the spinal cord was not seen at the segment adjacent to fusion. The major factor contributing to cervical myelopathy was associated spinal canal stenosis. Seven patients with cervical myelopathy without history of trauma were treated surgically, six of whom had spinal canal stenosis treated by enlargement of the spinal canal: subtotal corpectomy and arthrodesis was performed in three, and open-door expansive laminoplasty in three. Anterior interbody arthrodesis was performed in one patient without spinal canal stenosis. All recovered from the myelopathy postoperatively. When a trauma occurs, it concentrates stress at the segment adjacent to fusion, resulting in possible spinal cord injury. On the other hand, when there is no trauma, spinal canal stenosis is the principal factor contributing to cervical myelopathy.     

Cloward术式治疗脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症疗效分析

目的　报告Cloward颈椎前路手术治疗脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症疗效 ,分析术前各种因素对手术疗效的影响。方法　用核磁共振 (MRI)测量术前椎管矢状径、受累节段脊髓矢状径与横径比值、最小横断面积。结合手术前后神经功能评分 ,分析术前因素对手术疗效的影响。结果　单节段受累术后神经功能恢复优于多节段 (P <0 0 1)。年龄、椎管矢径、脊髓矢状径与横径比值 ,对术后疗效无明显影响 (P >0 0 5 ) ,临床病程、综合征类型、受累节段横断面积 ,对术后疗效有显著性影响 (P <0 0 1)。结论　Cloward颈椎前路手术对单节段受累脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症手术疗效好 ,减压较彻底 ,术后并发症轻。临床病程长、受累节段多、脊髓明显变形的脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症 ,手术疗效较差 ;脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症应尽早手术。建议对二个个节段以上受累的脊髓颈椎间盘突出症 ,行次全椎体切除术 ,或后路颈椎管成形     

应用颈椎螺旋融合器前后路一次性手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的：对合并发育性颈椎管狭窄的严重的多节段颈椎间盘突出及不稳的脊髓型颈椎患者应用颈椎螺旋融合器前后路一次性手术治疗,并进行分析,方法：对7例哈 并发育性颈椎管狭窄的多节段颈椎间盘突出及不稳的脊髓型颈椎病患者先行后路颈椎单开门椎板成形术或颈椎 切除减压术,然后前路行颈椎间盘,骨赘切除减压颈椎螺旋融合器植入术,术后采用日本整形外科学会标准17分法进行测评,结果：平均随访时间12个月,7例患者术后均有不同程度皮肤感觉改善和四肢肌力提高,其中2例大小便障碍者括约肌功能恢复,脊髓功能的平均改善率为76．2％,结论：本手术方法减压彻底,具有安全性,颈椎螺旋融合器的应用解决了颈椎间稳定性问题。     

脊髓型颈椎病手术治疗53例临床总结

１９９２年１１月～１９９６年８月手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病５３例。优良率９２４％。手术方法包括颈前、后方减压及椎板成形术。前路手术适于Ｃ３,４以下１～２个椎间病变的减压。广泛椎板切除可致鹅颈畸形及晚期脊髓损害。改良单开门棘突骨支撑植骨椎管扩大成形术及植骨的双开门椎管扩大成形术较为合理     

老年人脊髓型颈椎病的特点

目的 探讨老年人脊髓型颈椎病的临床特点,以及年龄对脊髓型颈椎病的预后影响。方法 回顾性对比分析564例脊髓型颈椎病,其中老年患者191例,占33.9％,非老年患者373例。术后随访2～10年,平均5年3个月。结果 老年组中发育性椎管狭窄(χ~2=4.78,P<0.05)、合并退变性椎管狭窄高于非老年组(χ~2=49.07,P<0.01),有效率(χ~2=5.03,P<0.05)、优良率(χ~2=6.5,P<0.05)低于非老年组。结论 老年人脊髓型颈椎病预后差。     

老年人脊髓型颈椎病的特点

目的：探讨老年人脊髓型颈椎病的临床特点,以及年龄对脊髓型颈椎病的预后影响。方法：回顾性对比分析564例脊髓型颈椎病,其中老年患者191例,占33．9％,非老年患者373例。术后随访2～10年,平均5年3个月。结果：老年组中退变性椎管狭窄高于非老年组（X^2=49．07,P〈0.01）;有效率（X^2=5．03,P〈0.05）、优良率（X^2=6．5,P〈0.05）低于非老年组。结论：老年人脊髓型颈椎病预后差。     

脊髓型颈椎病手术前后MRI改变及其临床意义

目的：探讨脊髓型颈椎病手术前后的ＭＲＩ改变与临床意义。方法：１８例脊髓型颈椎病患者于手术前后均行ＭＲＩ检查。观察脊髓的形态学及信号改变与临床疗效之间的关系。结果：术前ＭＲＩ主要特点是受累节段椎间隙变窄，椎体后缘骨赘形成，椎间盘变性，Ｔ１加权呈低信号，颈髓受压移位、形态改变；Ｔ２加权信号异常变化。术后ＭＲＩ主要表现是植骨块稳定，颈髓矢状径及形态有不同程度恢复。结论：手术前后的ＭＲＩ改变可直接反映颈髓的病变程度及预后。ＭＲＩ作为对颈髓病变的诊断、治疗及预后判断具有重要临床意义     

老年人脊髓型颈椎病的特点

目的：探讨老年人脊髓型颈椎病的临床特点,以及年龄对脊髓型颈椎病的预后影响。方法：回顾性对比分析564例脊髓型颈椎病,其中老年患者191例,占33．9％,非老年患者373例。术后随访2～10年,平均5年3个月。结果：老年组中发育性椎管狭窄（x^24．78,P〈0．05、合并退变性椎管狭窄高于非老年组（x^2=49．07,P〈0．01）,有效率（x^2=5．03,P〈0．05）、优良率（x^2=6．5,P〈0．05）低于非老年组。结论：老年人脊髓型颈椎病预后差。