老年冠状动脉病变程度与血清热休克蛋白60的相关性研究

目的研究血清热休克蛋白60(HSP60)与老年冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法因胸痛入院行冠状动脉造影的老年患者91例(冠心病组)和健康体检者72例(对照组),检测血清HSP60水平。标准Judkins法行冠状动脉造影术。其中49例行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)。冠心病组患者根据冠状动脉造影和HSP60水平进行亚组比较。结果冠心病组患者与对照组血清HSP60水平间差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。单支病变、双支病变、3支病变组患者与对照组血清HSP60差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。不同病变组间患者(除双支与3支病变间)血清HSP60两两比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。血清HSP60水平与PCI术中使用球囊数、球囊扩张次数、最大球囊压力呈正相关,差异有显著性意义。血清HSP60高水平组使用球囊数、球囊扩张次数、最大球囊压力、使用支架数均大于低水平组(P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者血清HSP60水平随着冠状动脉病变程度的加重而增高,检测血清HSP60水平将有助于冠心病的诊断及了解冠状动脉病变严重程度。     

冠心病类型与热休克蛋白60水平及肝脂肪酶基因多态性的关联研究

目的:探讨血清热休克蛋白60(heat shock protein 60,HSP60)水平及肝脂肪酶基因(Hepatic lipase gene,LIPC)NlaⅢ酶切位点多态性与冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)类型之间关系. 方法:取91例冠心病患者和72名健康对照者空腹晨起静脉血,从全血中抽提基因组DNA,采用多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术分析LIPC多态性在中国汉族冠心病人群中的发生频率和基因型分布.应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清HSP60水平. 结果:(1)冠心痛与正常对照组比较TT纯合子基因型频率为15.4%对8.3%,差异无显著性意义(P=0.373).亚组分析中,心肌梗死与健康对照组28.1%对8.3%,差异有显著性意义(P=0.023).(2)TT、CT、CC基因型冠心病各组HSP60水平中分别为(6626±2621)、(3980±3578)、(3537±3018)pg/ml,TT基因型与CT、CC两种基因型之间HSP60水平差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).(3)冠心病组中HSP60＜3639 Pg/ml组TT纯合子占2.2%,心肌梗死占2.2%;而＞3639 Pg/ml组中TT纯合子占28.9%,心肌梗死占68.9%,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05). 结论:LIPC NlaⅢ多态性随着血清HSP60升高,TT纯合子出现频率增大,严重的冠脉事件发生几率增加.     

冠心病类型与热休克蛋白60水平及肝脂肪酶基因多态性的关联研究

目的:探讨血清热休克蛋白60(heat shock protein 60,HSP60)水平及肝脂肪酶基因(Hepatic lipase gene,LIPC)NlaⅢ酶切位点多态性与冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)类型之间关系。方法:取91例冠心病患者和72名健康对照者空腹晨起静脉血,从全血中抽提基因组DNA,采用多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术分析LIPC多态性在中国汉族冠心病人群中的发生频率和基因型分布。应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清HSP60水平。结果:(1)冠心病与正常对照组比较TT纯合子基因型频率为15.4%对8.3%,差异无显著性意义(P=0.373)。亚组分析中,心肌梗死与健康对照组28.1%对8.3%,差异有显著性意义(P=0.023)。(2)TT、CT、CC基因型冠心病各组HSP60水平中分别为(6626±2621)、(3980±3578)、(3537±3018)pg/ml,TT基因型与CT、CC两种基因型之间HSP60水平差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。(3)冠心病组中HSP60<3639pg/ml组TT纯合子占2.2%,心肌梗死占2.2%;而>3639pg/ml组中TT纯合子占28.9%,心肌梗死占68.9%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:LIPCNlaⅢ多态性随着血清HSP60升高,TT纯合子出现频率增大,严重的冠脉事件发生几率增加。     

冠心病患者血清C反应蛋白和可溶性细胞间粘附分子1与肺炎衣原体感染的相关性

目的探讨冠心病患者血清炎症标志物C反应蛋白和可溶性细胞间粘附分子1水平的变化及其与肺炎衣原体感染的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法检测60例急性心肌梗死、不稳定型心绞痛、陈旧性心肌梗死、稳定型心绞痛及40例对照者血清C反应蛋白、可溶性细胞间粘附分子1及肺炎衣原体抗体IgG、IgM。结果冠心病组肺炎衣原体IgG阳性率和浓度均高于对照组(P<0.01),冠心病各组之间肺炎衣原体IgG和IgM阳性率差异无显著性(P>0.05),急性心肌梗死组肺炎衣原体IgG浓度高于陈旧性心肌梗死组、不稳定型心绞痛组和稳定型心绞痛组(P<0.05);冠心病组C反应蛋白、可溶性细胞间粘附分子1水平高于对照组(P<0.01),急性心肌梗死组C反应蛋白、可溶性细胞间粘附分子1水平高于不稳定型心绞痛组、陈旧性心肌梗死组和稳定型心绞痛组(P<0.01),不稳定型心绞痛组C反应蛋白、可溶性细胞间粘附分子1水平高于稳定型心绞痛组(P<0.05);肺炎衣原体IgG浓度、C反应蛋白、可溶性细胞间粘附分子1之间有很好的相关性(P<0.05)。结论炎症标志物水平变化在一定程度上反映了冠心病患者病情变化,肺炎衣原体感染与冠心病有关,炎症、感染可能共同参与了冠心病的发生发展。     

血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1和E-选择素水平与冠心病的关系

目的比较冠心病(CHD)患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)和血清可溶性E-选择素水平,探讨其临床意义.方法 145例冠心病患者,其中73例为急性冠脉综合征组(ACS组),72例为稳定型冠心病组(SCHD组),并选144名健康查体者作对照组.用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清sICAM-1、可溶性E-选择素水平,并比较上述指标水平在三组之间的差异.结果血清sICAM-1浓度ACS组(320.3±81.8)μg/L和SCHD组(266.5±63.5)μg/L明显高于对照组(176.3±78.3)μg/L,P<0.01,ACS组和SCHD组间也有显著性差异(P<0.05).血清可溶性E-选择素浓度ACS组(48.5±12.1)μg/L和SCHD组 (36.1±11.9)μg/L明显高于对照组(28.8±10.3)μg/L,P<0.01,ACS组和SCHD组间也有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论血清sICAM-1、可溶性E-选择素在冠心病患者中明显高于对照组,其中ACS患者明显高于SCHD患者.     

老年心力衰竭合并细菌性肺炎患者血清氨基末端脑钠肽原、热休克蛋白、降钙素原水平的变化及意义

目的探讨老年心力衰竭合并细菌性肺炎患者血清氨基末端脑钠肽原(NT-pro BNP)、热休克蛋白(HSP)70和降钙素原(PCT)水平的变化及临床意义。方法分别选取老年心力衰竭患者(心力衰竭组)、老年心力衰竭合并细菌性肺炎患者(合并肺炎组)、老年健康志愿者(对照组)各100例。检测并对比各组血清NT-pro BNP、HSP70、PCT水平。所有患者均实施对症支持治疗,对比心力衰竭合并肺炎患者中不同心功能分级、死亡者和存活者血清NT-pro BNP、HSP70、PCT水平差异。结果合并肺炎组患者血清NT-pro BNP、HSP70、PCT水平均远高于心力衰竭组和对照组(P<0.05),且心力衰竭组血清NT-pro BNP、HSP70、PCT水平均远高于对照组(P<0.05);合并肺炎患者血清NT-pro BNP、HSP70、PCT水平均随心功能分级的增加而明显升高(P<0.05),且死亡者血清NT-pro BNP、HSP70、PCT水平远高于存活者(P<0.05)。结论在老年心力衰竭合并细菌性肺炎患者中血清NT-pro BNP、HSP70、PCT水平均异常升高,且可用来评估患者的心功能及预后。     

经皮冠状动脉介入术对2型糖尿病血清热休克蛋白60影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病病人冠状动脉病变与血清热休克蛋白60（heat shock protein 60,HSP60）的相关性及经皮冠状动脉介入术（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）后的变化.方法 选择住院的96例2型糖尿病病人,经冠状动脉造影分为合并冠心病组和冠状动脉正常组,分别于PCI术前后24 h内静脉采血,应用酶联免疫吸附测定检测其HSP60水平,并对HSP60与冠状动脉病变程度及PCI术前后变化作相关分析.结果 HSP60水平,合并冠心病组明显高于冠状动脉正常组;随冠状动脉病变支数增加及病情加重,HSP60水平增加;PCI术后HSP60水平显著高于术前.结论 2型糖尿病合并冠心病病人,随着冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度加重,血清HSP60水平明显升高.监测2型糖尿病病人血清HSP60水平,对预测其冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的严重程度有一定意义.     

心肌梗死患者外周血白细胞TLR2、TLR4水平检测及意义

检测76例心肌梗死患者(观察组)、31例健康人(对照组)外周血肺炎支原体IgG抗体、HSP60水平及外周血白细胞toll样受体2(TLR2)、toll样受体4(TLR4)水平.结果 观察组IgG、HSP60、TLR2、TLR4水平显著高于对照组(P均＜0.01),急性心肌梗死者HSP60、TLR2水平高于陈旧性心肌梗死者(P均＜0.01).认为动态监测HSP60、TLR2水平对判定冠心病的危险性具有重要意义.     

冠心病患者血清VEGF与Hp感染的关系

目的探讨冠心病(CHD)患者血清血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的关系。方法选取CHD患者60例为观察组,抽取体检健康者60例为对照组检测VEGF和Hp-Ig G,统计组间结果。结果观察组Hp-Ig G感染阳性率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Hp感染阴性组纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、血超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及白细胞计数(P<0.05)。观察组Hp-Ig G阳性血清VEGF及Hp-Ig G感染血清VEGF水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 CHD患者血清VEGF水平与Hp感染联系密切,且用于VEGF及Hp-Ig G的检测也具有重要的价值,同时还可应用于CHD病情评估、诊断及其临床预后评估。     

慢性乙型重型肝炎患者血清sICAM-1的检测及临床意义

目的探讨慢性乙型重型肝炎患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)的变化及其临床意义。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法对50例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者和30例正常人血清sICAM-1水平进行测定。对50例慢性乙型重型肝炎患者用ELISA法检测乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物,荧光定量PCR法检测HBV DNA载量、全自动生化分析仪检测肝功能、全自动血凝分析仪检测凝血酶原活动度(PTA)。结果慢性乙型重型肝炎患者血清sICAM-1水平明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01),存活组血清sICAM-1水平明显高于死亡组(P<0.01);慢性乙型重型肝炎患者血清sI-CAM-1水平与PTA呈显著正相关(r=0.475,P<0.01),与血清总胆红素呈显著负相关(r=-0.395,P<0.01),与丙氨酸氨基转移酶、白蛋白无相关性(r=0.014、-0.214,P>0.05);27例HBV DNA<1×105copies/ml者与23例HBV DNA≥1×105copies/ml者血清sICAM-1水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);7例HBeAg( )/HBeAb(-)者与43例HBeAg(-)/HBeAb( )者血清sICAM-1水平也无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论慢性乙型重型肝炎患者血清sI-CAM-1水平显著高于健康对照组,存活组血清sICAM-1水平明显高于死亡组。sICAM-1参与了慢性乙型重型肝炎的肝损伤过程,并与患者病情程度有一定的相关性,但与乙型肝炎病毒的复制水平无相关。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.