融合蛋白HSP65-6×P277在NOD鼠中降糖作用的机制研究

目的：探讨融合蛋白HSP65-6×P277在NOD鼠中的降糖作用机制。方法：融合蛋白HSP65-6×P277通过鼻腔给药方式,在不添加任何佐剂的情况下3次免疫4周龄雌性NOD小鼠。观察该融合蛋白对NOD小鼠血糖,细胞因子水平,抗体类型和胰腺炎严重程度的影响。结果：融合蛋白HSP65-6×P277免疫组动物血清中含有高水平的IL-4和低水平的IL-2 ,P277特异性抗体类型主要为IgGl和IgG2b,IgG2a水平较低;T细胞增殖实验的培养上清中含有较高水平的IL-10和较低水平的IFN-γ;胰腺炎的严重程度和1型糖尿病的发病率显著降低。结论：诱导了Th2免疫反应可能是HSP65-6×P277预防1型糖尿病发生的作用机制之一。     

鼻粘膜免疫融合蛋白Hsp65-6×p277预防NOD小鼠1型糖尿病的发生

目的提高多肽p277的免疫原性,从而提高其对自身免疫性糖尿病的预防作用.方法将p277 6次重复与Hsp 65融合置于pET28a中构建重组Hsp 65-6×p277表达质粒.该重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21中以高效可溶形式表达.依次通过细胞裂解、硫酸铵沉淀、双蒸水透析、DEAE纤维素52柱层析纯化获得目的蛋白.用纯化后的融合蛋白Hsp 65-6×p277通过鼻腔给药方式,在不添加任何佐剂的情况下3次免疫4周龄雌性NOD小鼠.每月眼角取血,检测抗体和血糖浓度.结果初步药效学实验表明融合蛋白Hsp 65-6×p277可抑制NOD小鼠中1型糖尿病的发生.结论融合蛋白Hsp 65-6×p277有可能发展成为一种具有防治胰岛素依赖性糖尿病作用的疫苗.     

分支杆菌热休克蛋白保守性B细胞表位经鼻粘膜的反复预免疫对随后攻击性免疫的强化作用

为了研究热休克蛋白65与动脉粥样硬化的关系,扩增出HSP65上与动脉粥样硬化密切相关的6个B细胞表位.将这6个表位分成两组,每组包含3个表位.其基因分别与CTB基因相融合,转化到大肠杆菌并表达蛋白.表达产物经过一系列的分离纯化步骤,并复性后经GM1-ELISA证明可在体外自组装成五聚体.用复性后的重组蛋白小剂量多次滴鼻免疫ICR小鼠.随后用大量的HSP65蛋白皮下免疫,ELISA检测小鼠血清中抗HSP65的抗体.初步药效学实验表明.重组蛋白预免疫ICR小鼠后,可以使免疫组较对照组对随后的大量HSP65刺激产生更加强烈的免疫反应.     

热休克蛋白65及其融合蛋白Hsp65-6×P277的分离纯化和稳定性研究

来源于牛分枝杆菌的热休克蛋白65(Hsp65)在没有佐剂的情况下可作为载体分子将抗原表位递呈给免疫系统。热休克蛋白具有蛋白酶的催化活性,容易发生自溶而降解,这制约了基于Hsp65疫苗的研究。该研究中,建立了纯化Hsp65及其融合蛋白Hsp65-6×P277(P277为来源于人热休克蛋白60的肽段,线性重复6次)的方法。Hsp65与Hsp65-6×P277以可溶形式表达于大肠杆菌。在低温及添加EDTA的条件下经细胞裂解、硫酸铵沉淀及阴离子交换树脂等纯化方法,可得到电泳纯的目的蛋白。用纯化的融合蛋白Hsp65-6×P277免疫小鼠,可激发机体产生强烈的免疫应答,该融合蛋白有希望作为免佐剂的糖尿病疫苗加以进一步研究开发。     

HPV16 E6/E7重组体DNA免疫对小鼠脾细胞分泌活性的影响

目的研究人乳头状瘤病毒16型（HPV16）E6／E7蛋白与结核杆菌热休克蛋白70（HSP70）表达重组体DNA免疫对小鼠活化脾细胞分泌活性的影响。方法采用肌肉注射DNA的方法免疫小鼠。分离脾细胞。用ELISA检测细胞因子的表达水平及抗体的水平。用RT-PCR的方法检测细胞中细胞因子mRNA的水平。结果以HPV16E6／E7为基础的DNA免疫小鼠后，检测到的细胞因子IL-2，IFNγ的含量明显升高：与结核杆菌HSP70重组后。IL-2，IFNγ的含量较重组前明显升高。与结核杆菌HSP70重组后，IL-10及抗体水平没有明显变化。结论以HPV16E6／E7为基础的DNA免疫能增强小鼠的细胞免疫反应。与结核杆菌HSP70重组后能提高细胞免疫的效果，但对体液免疫几乎没有影响。     

山奈酚对非肥胖型糖尿病小鼠的治疗作用

目的:观察山奈酚(KA)对非肥胖型糖尿病(NOD)小鼠的治疗效果,并探讨其作用机制。方法:选取血糖≥11.1mmol.L-1NOD小鼠,连续灌胃低剂量(50mg.kg-1)和高剂量(200mg.kg-1)KA10周,于治疗前和治疗后均采用血糖仪检测血糖变化,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测谷氨酸脱羧酶-65抗体(GAD-65Ab)阳性率、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素10(IL-10)的变化水平。结果:未经治疗的NOD小鼠血糖随着鼠龄的增高明显上升;经KA治疗10周后,血糖明显下降,并接近正常值(≤11.1mmol.L-1)。治疗前,NOD小鼠GAD-65Ab阳性率为100%,血清中IFN-γ含量高,而IL-10含量低;治疗后,GAD-65Ab转阴率明显上升,IFN-γ含量显著下降,IL-10含量显著上升(P<0.05,P<0.01),并以200mg.kg-1KA治疗最佳。结论:KA可明显降低NOD小鼠血糖值,其作用机制可能是通过下调GAD-65Ab及平衡1型和2型T辅助细胞亚群(Th1/Th2),从而抑制自身反应性免疫应答。     

热休克蛋白65及其融合蛋白Hsp65-6×P277的分离纯化和稳定性研究

来源于牛分枝杆菌的热休克蛋白65（Hsp65）在没有佐剂的情况下可作为载体分子将抗原表位递呈给免疫系统。热休克蛋白具有蛋白酶的催化活性，容易发生自溶而降解，这制约了基于Hsp65疫苗的研究。该研究中，建立了纯化Hsp65及其融合蛋白Hsp65-6×P277（P277为来源于人热休克蛋白60的肽段，线性重复6次）的方法。Hsp65与Hsp65—6×P277以可溶形式表达于大肠杆菌。在低温及添加EDTA的条件下经细胞裂解、硫酸铵沉淀及阴离子交换树脂等纯化方法，可得到电泳纯的目的蛋白。用纯化的融合蛋白Hsp65-6×P277免疫小鼠，可激发机体产生强烈的免疫应答，该融合蛋白有希望作为免佐剂的糖尿病疫苗加以进一步研究开发。     

1型糖尿病小鼠Th1强势的促逆转研究

目的探讨1型糖尿病(自身免疫性糖尿病)对NOD小鼠发展的IFN-γ mono抗体的抗发炎的特性。方法应用IFN-γ单抗注射1型糖尿病的小鼠模型NOD小鼠,每周评价小鼠糖尿病发展情况一次。在实验结束,对各组小鼠进行免疫分析,及TNF-α和IFN-γ的脾淋巴细胞的检测。结果 IFN-γ单抗对NOD小鼠实验前后血糖的影响与对照组相比,两组治疗前血糖水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);IFN-γ治疗后治疗组血糖的降幅较大(P<0.01),有统计学意义。结论在炎症早期对NOD小鼠应用IFN-γ单抗,可以发挥其1型糖尿病的保护作用,这表明抑制这些细胞因子的分泌可能是一个重要的机制。     

口服干扰素-α延缓NOD小鼠1型糖尿病发生

目的　研究干扰素 (IFN) -α对 NOD小鼠 1型糖尿病的预防作用。方法　 6周龄 NOD雌鼠 1周 3次灌胃 IFN-α 10 0 U ,共 32周 ,观测胰岛炎和糖尿病发病。结果　 IFN-α能明显降低 NOD小鼠糖尿病的发生和胰岛炎的严重程度。结论　口服 IFN-α能预防 NOD鼠糖尿病     

抗βhCG蛋白疫苗的抗肿瘤作用

以人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基(βhCG)的羧基端109~118的6段串联重复表位为靶点、热休克蛋白65(HSP65)为载体,设计一种新型的蛋白疫苗HSP65-X6-βhCGCTP37,探讨其能否抑制小鼠前列腺癌,并且对其抗肿瘤的作用机理进行部分探讨。以制备的HSP65-X6-βhCGCTP37免疫C57BL/6小鼠,分别检测体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答。通过ELISA法,从血清中检测到高滴度的抗βhCGIgG类抗体。Western blot实验证明小鼠血清中的抗体能够特异性识别βhCG表位。淋巴细胞增殖实验的结果显示,HSP65-X6-βhCGCTP37的免疫能够有效的刺激脾淋巴细胞的增殖。预防性实验的结果显示,HSP65-X6-βhCGCTP37激发的免疫应答对于RM-1肿瘤攻击起到有效的保护作用,与PBS阴性对照组比较,平均肿瘤重显著降低(P<0.05)。同时有效地减少了小鼠的肺转移(P<0.01);抑制了小鼠皮内肿瘤模型中的血管新生(P<0.01)。HSP65-X6-βhCGCTP37蛋白疫苗能有效地抑制小鼠前列腺癌的生长。     

Pre-clinical safety evaluation of heat shock protein 65-MUC1 peptide fusion protein

With a goal of developing a medication for the treatment of MUC1 expressing human cancers, a recombinant heat shock protein 65-MUC1 fusion protein (HSP65-MUC1) between BCG derived heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) and MUC1 derived peptide (MUC1) was developed. To move the HSP65-MUC1 into a phase I clinical trial, a comprehensive non-clinical safety evaluation was conducted. The evaluation comprised of single-dose toxicity and repeat-dose toxicity studies both in mice and rhesus monkeys. The data from the study indicates that the treatment with HSP65-MUC1 is not associated with obvious toxicity in the tested animals. The changes in clinical chemistry and hematology in both the mice and monkeys were considered to be mild because there were no indications of overt toxicity after administering HSP65-MUC1. The data provided here contributed to the approval of initiating a phase I clinical trial with HSP65-MUC1 for the treatment of patients with MUC1-positive breast cancer in China.     

A CpG oligodeoxynucleotide potentiates the anti-tumor effect of HSP65-Her2 fusion protein against Her2 positive B16 melanoma in mice

Although being promising tumor vaccine candidates in animal models, heat shock protein (HSP)-based tumor vaccines have not yet succeeded in the clinical trials, implying the necessity to be formulated with appropriate adjutants to enhance their immunogenicity. In this study, we investigated whether a B-class CpG ODN (BW006), a TLR9 agonist, could facilitate HSP65-Her2, a recombinant protein between mycobacterial HSP65 and Her2-derived peptide, to induce vigorous anti-tumor activity against Her2 positive tumors in mice both prophylactically and therapeutically. It was found that BW006 could enhance prophylactic and therapeutic effect of HSP65-Her2 with improved survival of the mice bearing Her2(+) B16 melanoma and HSP65-Her2 specific Th1 response.     

重组热激蛋白65-黏蛋白1融合蛋白疫苗的临床前药代动力学(英文)

目的研究重组抗肿瘤融合蛋白疫苗热激蛋白65-黏蛋白1(HSP65-MUC1)在恒河猴和荷瘤小鼠体内的药代动力学。方法采用放射性125I标记HSP65-MUC1, 6只恒河猴随机分为iv与sc 40μg.kg-1组,sc 40μg.kg-1组同时设为重复给药组,每2周给药1次,共3次。sc组恒河猴sc给予[125I]HSP65-MUC1 40μg.kg-1后,于每次给药后0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48和72 h采集血样, iv组恒河猴iv给予[125I]HSP65-MUC1 40μg.kg-1后,于0, 1, 5, 15, 30, 45 min和1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 24 h时采集血样,应用分子排阻色谱法测定[125I]HSP65-MUC1血清中的浓度。25只荷瘤小鼠随机分为0.5,1.5,4,8和24 h给药组,小鼠在sc给予[125I]HSP65-MUC1 550μg.kg-1后,分别于设定时间取得各组织血清和尿液;采用三氯乙酸沉淀法测定[125I]HSP65-MUC1肝、肾和肺等组织中的含量。结果恒河猴sc给予HSP65-MUC1后绝对生物利用度为38.33%。恒河猴重复给药3次后血药谷浓度未见增高,蓄积因子(AUC3/AUC1) =1.17±0.25,与第一次给药相比无统计学差异。荷瘤小鼠sc给予HSP65-MUC1后组织分布有明显特点,浓度最高部位在局部引流淋巴结。在其他免疫组织如胸腺和脾中浓度虽不高,但达峰后下降趋势较缓慢。而在血液和其他血容量大的组织如心,肝,肺中浓度并不高,且达峰浓度后浓度下降很快。在肿瘤组织中浓度也较低。该疫苗主要经肾排泄。结论恒河猴sc给予HSP65-MUC1后生物利用度为38.33%,重复给药后疫苗在体内无蓄积。荷瘤小鼠sc后疫苗在局部引流淋巴结含量最高,在肿瘤组织中含量不高。该疫苗在免疫学组织如胸腺、脾中达峰浓度后的下降趋势较缓慢。     

Downregulation of the circadian rhythm related gene Arntl2 suppresses diabetes protection in Idd6 NOD.C3H congenic mice

1. Our previous studies of the murine genetic locus Idd6 revealed the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 2 (Arntl2) as a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes; and in Idd6 NOD.C3H congenic mice, Arntl2 upregulation is linked to decreased diabetes development. 2. In the present study, shRNA plasmids capable of suppressing Arntl2 expression were developed and given to diabetes resistant NOD.C3H congenic mice by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. The effects of Arntl2 suppression on diabetes incidence and immune cell numbers were investigated. 3. Diabetes incidence was increased by Arntl2 mRNA interference in the congenic strain and this was associated with an increase in CD4(+) T cells and a decrease in regulatory T cells in the peripheral immune system. 4. These results provide additional support for the protective role of the Arntl2 gene located in locus Idd6 in diabetes progression in NOD.C3H congenic mice.     

A subunit vaccine based on biodegradable microspheres carrying rHsp65 protein and KLK protects BALB/c mice against tuberculosis infection

Of the hundreds of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates, some have therapeutic value in addition to their prophylactic properties. This is the case for the DNA vaccine encoding heat-shock protein 65 (DNAhsp65) from Mycobacterium leprae. However, there are concerns about the use of DNA vaccines in certain populations such as newborns and pregnant women. Thus, the optimization of vaccination strategies that circumvent this limitation is a priority. This study evaluated the efficacy of a single dose subunit vaccine based on recombinant Hsp65 protein against infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The Hsp65 protein in this study was either associated or not with immunostimulants, and was encapsulated in biodegradable PLGA microspheres. Our results demonstrate that the protein was entrapped in microspheres of adequate diameter to be engulfed by phagocytes. Mice vaccinated with a single dose of Hsp65-microspheres or Hsp65+CpG-microspheres developed both humoral and cellular-specific immune responses. However, they did not protect mice against challenge with M. tuberculosis. By contrast, Hsp65+KLK-microspheres induced specific immune responses that reduced bacilli loads and minimized lung parenchyma damage. These data suggest that a subunit vaccine based on recombinant protein Hsp65 is feasible.     

MF59 formulated with CpG ODN as a potent adjuvant of recombinant HSP65-MUC1 for inducing anti-MUC1+ tumor immunity in mice

MF59 is an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant approved for influenza vaccines for human use in Europe. Due to its Th2 inducing properties, MF59 is seldom tested for cancer vaccines. In this study, MF59 formulated with a C-type CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (YW002) was tested for its Th1 adjuvant activity to induce immune responses to HSP65-MUC1, a recombinant fusion protein incorporating a mycobacterial heat shock protein (HSP65) and mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1) derived peptide. Combination of YW002 with MF59 (MF59-YW002) could confer a potent Th1 biasing property to the adjuvant, which enhanced the immunogenicity of HSP65-MUC1 to induce significantly higher levels of specific IgG2c, increased IFN-γ mRNA expression in splenocytes and the generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice. When prophylactically applied, MF59-YW002 adjuvant containing HSP65-MUC1 inhibited the growth of MUC1+ B16 melanoma and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. In contrast, adjuvant containing MF59 with HSP65-MUC1 in the absence of YW002, promoted the growth of MUC1+ B16 melanoma in mice. These results suggest that MF59 plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotide might be developed as an efficient adjuvant for tumor vaccines against melanoma, and possibly other tumors.     

Hyperalgesia in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice: a role for the inducible bradykinin B1 receptor

Most studies performed to investigate the role of the inducible bradykinin B(1) receptor in the pathology and complications of type 1 diabetes have been carried out using the model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice involves a long-term inflammatory process that closely resembles the human type 1 diabetes. In the present study, we aimed at establishing the correlation between the progress of diabetic hyperalgesia and the incidence of diabetes, as a function of age, in NOD mice. We also evaluated the implication of the bradykinin B(1) receptor, a receptor up-regulated during the inflammatory progress of diabetes, in the development of diabetic hyperalgesia in NOD mice. Female NOD mice were followed up from the 4th to the 32nd week of age for the incidence of diabetes. Only NOD mice with plasma glucose concentration >20 mmol/l were considered diabetic. The nociception was assessed using the hot plate and the tail immersion pain tests and the effect of acute and chronic administration of the selective bradykinin B(1) receptor agonist, desArg(9)bradykinin and its selective antagonists, R-715 (Ac-Lys-[D-beta Nal(7), Ile(8)]desArg(9)bradykinin) and R-954 (Ac-Orn-[Oic(2), alpha-MePhe(5), D-beta Nal(7), Ile(8)]desArg(9)bradykinin), on the development of diabetic hyperalgesia was studied. Diabetic NOD mice developed a significant time-dependent hyperalgesia, as measured in both tests, starting from the 8th week of age with the maximum effect observed over 16 to 20 weeks, whereas the incidence of diabetes in the tested NOD mice was only 40.16% at the age of 16 weeks and reached a maximum of 73.23% at the age 24 weeks. Both acute and chronic administration of desArg(9)bradykinin (400 microg/kg) markedly increased the hyperalgesic activity in diabetic NOD mice in the hot plate and tail immersion nociceptive tests. The selective bradykinin B(1) receptor antagonist R-715 (400 microg/kg) and its more potent and long acting analogue R-954 (200 microg/kg), administered in acute or chronic manner, significantly attenuated diabetic hyperalgesia in NOD mice in both thermal pain tests and restored nociceptive responses to values observed in control non-diabetic siblings. Our results bring the first evidence that the development of hyperalgesia in NOD mice, a model of spontaneous type 1 diabetes, precedes the occurrence of hyperglycemia and is mediated by the bradykinin B(1) receptor. It is suggested that bradykinin B(1) receptor antagonism could become a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of diabetic neuropathic complications.