颞骨骨折致听力损害的预后及影响其预后的相关因素分析

目的　　探讨影响颞骨骨折所导致的外伤性听力损害预后的相关因素,从而指导治疗,提高对其预后的预见性。方法　　采用前瞻性研究,对临床所有105例患者资料进行单因素及多因素分析,并根据统计学进行数学处理,认定对其预后产生直接影响的相关因素。结果　根据统计学结果发现听力损害的程度、发生时间、颞骨骨折类型、是否伴有面瘫、脑脊液耳漏,对其预后的影响差异性显著（P＜0．05）。结论　　认定颞骨骨折所致听力损害的预后与其损害程度、性质、发生时间、骨折类型、是否伴有面瘫、脑脊液漏及治疗是否得当密切相关。     

乳突鼓室再手术中钛听骨假体位置状态及相关因素分析

目的 回顾性研究中耳乳突再次手术病例中已植入的钛听骨假体存在状态、临床特征、影响听骨位置状态的相关因素,以期为鼓室成形术中听骨植入提供临床经验和教训。 方法 总结2013—2020年行乳突鼓室成形术中植入钛听骨后6个月以上因各种原因再手术的病例,回顾分析钛听骨的位置情况、听骨位置异常的原因、处理方法。 结果 在485例应用了钛听骨听力重建的鼓室成形术中,有30例再手术,其中钛听骨位置良好9例,鼓膜(TM)内陷钛听骨突出2例,TM穿孔钛听骨顶出7例,脱离TM或倾角6例,脱离镫骨患者6例。再手术原因术后感染8例,复发15例,单纯听力下降7例,术后感染均发生在术后1个月之内,而复发和单纯听力下降中位数发生时间分别为19个月(5~54个月)、30个月(4~49个月)。复发和感染中钛听骨位置良好占1/3、1/2,而单纯听力下降者钛听骨位置均异常。 结论 使用钛假体的听骨成形术是一种安全有效的重建方法,再手术率较低,咽鼓管功能不良、TM内陷是钛听骨异常的主要原因,术后复发、感染为再手术的主要原因,再手术中发现前次听骨植入失败包括脱位、倒伏、突出、脱落、异物刺激反应、肉芽包裹等状态。     

虚拟CT耳镜对先天性耳畸形听骨链病变的诊断价值

目的 通过虚拟CT耳镜观察,探讨其对先天性耳畸形听骨链病变的诊断价值.方法 对30例(43耳)先天性耳畸形患者,高分辨率CT扫描获取病变部位的原始图像数据,经三维重建后,以虚拟CT耳镜方式观察听骨链病变情况,然后与手术探查结果对比分析.结果 虚拟CT耳镜清楚显示发育不全的听小骨及畸形听骨链状态,其中外耳道闭锁21例(3...     

颞骨外伤并发脑脊液漏18例并文献复习

分析颞骨外伤并发脑脊液漏的临床特点,探讨其诊断及治疗策略。     

经乳突颞下迷路外进路面神经高位减压术

目的 探讨颞骨外伤性骨折面瘫,保全和重建听骨链的面神经迷路段减压术对面瘫与听力恢复的效果。方法 对7例颞骨高位骨折引起面瘫者,行保全听骨链的经乳突颞下迷路外进路面神经高位减压术。结果 术后随访0.5～4.2年,面瘫恢复致H-BⅠ级3例,H-BⅡ级2例,H-BⅢ级2例。术中保全听骨链,术后语频区听力平均提高26dB。结论 颞骨高位外伤性骨折面瘫,行乳突颞下迷路外径路,进行面神经高位减压保全和重建听骨链效果满意。     

Reliability of temporal bone high-resolution CT in patients with facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the reliability of temporal bone high-resolution CT (HRCT) in patients with traumatic facial paralysis.

右侧咽鼓管骨折1例报告

<正>颅底骨折在颅脑外伤中较常见,其骨折以线性为主,颅底骨折绝大多数由颅盖骨骨折线延伸至颅底而致,少数可因头颅挤压伤造成[1],而颅底岩部造成咽鼓管骨折,并引起鼓室积液甚为罕见,我科曾遇1例,现报告如下。1病例资料患者,男,33岁,因头部摔伤后意识不清3 h于2012年6月8日入住神经外科。入院查体:昏迷状,烦躁,刺痛睁眼,胡言乱语,肢体对刺痛能躲避,GCS 9分。颅骨未触及局限性凹陷,右额部、右顶     

保全和重建听骨链的高位和全程面神经减压术

目的 探讨颞骨外伤性骨折面瘫，保全和重建听骨链的面神经全程减压术对面瘫与听力恢复的效果。方法 对11例颞骨骨折引起面瘫者，行保全和重建听骨链的面神经全程减压手术(颞下窝迷路外径路6例，乳突径路4例，乳突颅中窝联合径路1例)。结果 术后随访0．5～4．2年，面瘫恢复至H-BⅠ级8例，H-BⅡ级2例，H-BⅣ级1例。听力恢复：术前有听力下降的10例中，气、骨导差缩小到10dB6例，气、骨导差缩小到20dB3例，1例重度感音性耳聋听力无改善。结论 颞骨外伤性骨折面瘫，行面隐窝与颞下窝迷路外径路，进行全段面神经减压保全和重建听骨链效果满意。     

虚拟耳镜对慢性中耳炎听骨链病变的诊断价值

目的探讨虚拟耳镜观察对慢性中耳炎听骨链病变的诊断价值。方法112例（128耳）慢性化脓性中耳炎患者,高分辨率CT扫描获取病变部位的原始图像数据,经三维重建后,以虚拟耳镜方式观察听骨链病变情况,然后与手术结果进行比较分析。结果128只患耳中,胆脂瘤性中耳炎55耳,非胆脂瘤型慢性化脓性中耳炎73耳。与手术结果比较,虚拟耳镜对慢性化脓性中耳炎听骨链病变的诊断敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为93.75%、81.25%、90.63%。结论虚拟耳镜能清晰显示听骨链结构及其空间关系,可以提高听骨链病变的术前诊断效率,有助于化脓性中耳炎手术方案的制定。     

Meningiomas invading the temporal bone with extension to the neck

Meningiomas are the second largest group of brain tumors after gliomas. They account for 13 to 18 per cent of all primary intracranial neoplasms. The majority occur in the cerebral chamber; only 8 to 9 per cent are located in the cerebellar chamber. Meningiomas are hamartomatous, not truly neoplastic tumors, which arise from dural fibroblasts and particularly from arachnoid cells that tend to cluster around the tips of the arachnoid villi. Their preferential sites correspond closely with the locations where arachnoid villi are most frequently encountered, namely, along the major venous sinuses and their contributory veins, at the foramina of exit of the cranial nerves, and where arachnoid cell clusters are found within the trunk or the perineural sheaths of cranial nerves within or adjacent to the basal foramina. Of all intracranial meningiomas, 20 per cent eventually develop an extracranial extension. These extracranial extensions project, in order of decreasing frequency, to 1) the orbit, 2) the external table of the calvaria, 3) the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and 4) the parapharyngeal (cervical) space. Once a meningioma has gained access to the temporal bone, its tendency to extend beyond the confinements of the skull increases to 43 per cent. The most frequent pathway is through the jugular and lacerate foramina into the parapharyngeal space, where it may manifest as a nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, retromaxillary, retromandibular, or cervical neck mass. A meningioma in the parapharyngeal area can represent 1) an extracranial extension of a primary intracranial tumor, 2) a neoplasm arising in the jugular foramen, 3) a neoplasm originating from an arachnoid cell cluster within the trunk of a cranial nerve or its perineural sheaths within or near a neural foramen, or 4) a metastasis to a cervical lymph node from a primary intracranial meningioma. Meningiomas extending to the neck are unique because of their tendency toward extracranial expansion, higher incidence of local recurrence, multicentric growth, and frequent combination with other neoplasms of the central nervous system. They are frequently an expression of the central form of neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease).     

Value of digital volume tomography in patients with conductive hearing loss

Digital volume tomography (DVT) is an extension of panoramic tomography. With this diagnostic technique, characterized by high resolution, a narrow section width (0.125 mm) and three-dimensional display, small pathological processes can be well visualized. Twenty-five patients with the history of a progressive hearing loss were examined with DVT (Accu-I-tomo, Morita, Japan). The results were compared with pre- and intraoperative findings to evaluate the diagnostic value of DVT in cases of erosion of the ossicular chain. With high resolution and artifact-free demonstration of the middle ear and the ossicular chain, it was possible to define its continuity preoperatively by DVT in all 25 cases. An intact ossicular chain was found by DVT in 13 cases and was later confirmed by surgery. The predicted erosion of the ossicles was verified in 12 patients, and a tympanoplasty type III was performed. Digital volume tomography is an excellent technique to examine the middle ear cleft and inner ear, and expands the application of diagnostic possibilities in the lateral skull base. Therefore, improvement in preoperative diagnosis is achieved along with more accurate planning of the surgical procedure. Digital volume tomography delivers a small radiation dose with a high resolution and a low purchase price for the equipment.     

Repair of the ossicular chain with an ionomer cement by an inadequate incus after prior stapes surgery for otosclerosis

Use of an ionomer bone cement is described for repairing the ossicular middle ear system in revision stapes surgery. The cement was used to enlarge an eroded inadequate incus to allow placement of a new stapes prosthesis. Reconstruction of the incus with this new bone cement was readily performed and hearing results after 2 years of follow-up have been promising.     

面神经减压术治疗颞骨骨折性面瘫的手术时机

目的 :探讨颞骨骨折性面瘫面神经减压术的手术时机及减压面神经的范围。方法 :将重度面瘫、失神经支配Ⅲ度适合面神经减压术 1 6 8例颞骨骨折性面瘫病例 ,分别于伤后 2个月内和 2个月外行面神经减压术 ,并分为 2个月内组和 2个月外组进行疗效对比。采用组间 χ2 检验。结果 :2个月内组治愈率显著高于 2个月外组 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :早期行面神经减压术治疗重度颞骨骨折性面瘫 ,可以明显提高临床治愈率     

颞骨炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨颞骨炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床表现,术中所见,以及组织病理学特征。方法：结合文献复习,报告1例颞骨炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤患者的临床资料并行光镜检查和免疫组织化学染色分析。结果：肿瘤呈侵袭性生长,有明显的骨质吸收、破坏。病理组织学检查主要由梭形细胞和大量炎症细胞构成。免疫组织化学显示波形蛋白、平滑肌特异性肌动蛋白以及CD68均为阳性,S-100、CK均为阴性。结论：颞骨炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤是一种少见的呈侵袭性生长的肿瘤,容易局部复发。治疗以手术为主,辅以激素治疗。     

人类颞骨火棉胶切片中线粒体DNA的扩增及重组测序

目的应用分子生物学技术建立人类颞骨火棉胶切片中的ＤＮＡ分析方法。方法采用多聚酶链反应（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＰＣＲ）配合不同的引物、扩增方式及酶切技术检测长期保存的７例（９侧）颞骨火棉胶切片中微量线粒体ＤＮＡ的片段缺失及点突变，ｐＧＥＭＴ载体进行扩增片段的重组与克隆。结果９侧颞骨ＤＮＡ提取液中均可见正常的１３５ｂｐ扩增片段，巢式ＰＣＲ检出其中２例生前患老年聋者（各查１侧）有线粒体ＤＮＡ大片段缺失，测序结果证实扩增的准确性。结论分子生物学技术在颞骨切片研究中的应用对于提高其回顾性研究水平有重要意义，目前可在耳科疾病的研究中发现相关的基因突变或病原体。     

Assessment of intracochlear trauma caused by the insertion of a new straight research array

Abstract

Objective

To assess the degree of intracochlear trauma using the Cochlear? Straight Research Array (SRA). This electrode has recently been released by Cochlear? on the CI422 implant.

Background

Electroacoustic stimulation (EAS) enables recipients to benefit from cochlear implantation while retaining their natural low-frequency hearing. A disadvantage of short EAS electrodes is that short electrodes provide limited low-frequency stimulation. Thus, loss of the residual hearing may require reimplantation with a longer electrode. In order to overcome this problem, the slim diameter SRA with increased length (20–25 mm) has been designed to provide a deeper, yet non-traumatic insertion.

Methods

Two insertion studies into temporal bones were undertaken. The first involved dissection of the cochlea to gain a view into the scala vestibuli and insertion of the SRA and control electrodes with a microactuator for a surgeon-independent yet controlled insertion. High-speed photography was used to record data. The second study involved a high-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) study to assess electrode placement and tissue preservation in surgeon-implanted bones.

Results

The SRA had a smooth insertion trajectory. The average angular insertion depth was 383° when inserted until resistance was encountered, and 355° if inserted to a predetermined mark for EAS use. In addition, microCT data showed that this caused no significant trauma or distortion of the basilar membrane up to 20 mms depth.

Conclusion

Temporal bone studies show that the SRA appears to cause no intracochlear trauma if used as an EAS electrode up to 20 mm depth of insertion.     

颞骨巨细胞瘤(附5例报告)

目的观察颞骨巨细胞病的临床病程,诊断和治疗.方法从我们科收集了5例颞骨巨细胞瘤且进行病理学分析.结果5例颞骨巨细胞瘤,其中女性1例,男性4例,年龄在28到73岁.1例患者病理分型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,4例为Ⅱ级.所有5例患者均进行了根治性切除和术后放疗,随访3到12年无复发.结论颞骨巨细胞瘤的诊断基于典型的病理特征,影像和临床表现.根治性切除是最适当的治疗方法,再加术后放射治疗多能获得长期治愈.     

Pseudotumour of the temporal bone: a usual cause of otorrhoea and facial palsy

An inflammatory pseudotumour of the temporal bone is a rare, idiopathic, fibro-inflammatory lesion which mimics malignancy. Although such a lesion is known to occur elsewhere in the body such as the liver, abdominal viscera, pelvis, thorax and the upper respiratory tract, the involvement of the temporal bone is extremely unusual. We present such a case in a 60-year-old man, which provided a great diagnostic challenge. We review the key radiological and histological results that confirmed the diagnosis and demonstrated for the first time that oral steroids alone may completely resolve the condition. An erratum to this article can be found at