肠易激综合征患者睡眠质量和精神心理状况的调查

背景:肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种常见的功能性胃肠病(FGIDs),可降低患者的生活质量,并对精神心理产生一定影响。目的:探讨IBS和IBS重叠其他FGIDs患者的睡眠障碍和精神心理异常状况,并初步分析睡眠障碍发生的危险因素。方法:对2014年1月—2014年12月天津市6家医院就诊的FGIDs患者进行问卷调查,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评估睡眠质量,焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)分别评估焦虑、抑郁状况,二分类Logistic回归分析法初步探讨IBS重叠其他FGIDs患者睡眠障碍的影响因素。结果:共1 117例FGIDs患者完成问卷,其中单纯IBS患者32例(2.9%),IBS重叠其他FGIDs患者113例(10.1%)。IBS组睡眠障碍、精神心理异常以及两者同时存在的比例分别为59.4%、93.8%和59.4%,IBS重叠组分别为82.3%、95.6%和78.8%。性别、年龄和症状严重程度可能是IBS重叠组睡眠障碍的危险因素(P=0.014,P=0.049,P=0.025)。结论:IBS和IBS重叠患者均伴有不同程度的睡眠障碍和(或)精神心理异常,性别、年龄和症状严重程度可能是IBS重叠组患者睡眠障碍的危险因素。     

功能性消化不良重叠症状与精神心理因素关系的初步研究

目的 探索功能性消化不良(FD)重叠症状与精神心理因素间的关系,以加深对症状重叠现象的认识和指导诊治.方法 将103例符合罗马Ⅲ标准的FD患者分为有重叠症状和无重叠症状组,比较两组患者在情绪状态(自评量表)、睡眠状况(自评量表)、焦虑和抑郁状态(Zung焦虑和抑郁自评量表)和生活质量(SF-36问卷中文版)方面的差异.结果 ① 103例FD患者中·39例(37.9%)无重叠症状,64例(62.1%)有重叠症状.②有重叠症状组的情绪状态中表现为"欠佳"和"很差"者分别为39.1%和20.2%,比无重叠症状组高(15.4%和12.8%,P=0.018).③有重叠症状组的睡眠状况表现为"欠佳"和"很差"者分别为45.3%和11.0%,比无重叠症状组高(19.1%和7.7%,P=0.018).④有重叠症状组合并焦虑和抑郁状态的比例为49%和68%,比无重叠症状组高(19%和44%,P值分别=0.004和0.022).⑤有重叠症状组心理复合分为32.8,精神健康为47.9,活力为47.1,比无重叠症状组低(37.0、57.8和57.0,P值分别=0.045、0.015和0.026).结论 异常精神心理因素与FD患者症状重叠现象间存在联系,提示异常精神心理因素可能是重叠症状产生的机制之一.     

肠易激综合征患者的睡眠特征

目的 分析伴焦虑抑郁和无焦虑抑郁的肠易激综合征(IBS)患者睡眠质量的差别,探讨IBS患者的睡眠特征.方法 采用pittsburgh睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对IBS患者(145例)及健康体检志愿者(59例)进行问卷调查,再根据焦虑或抑郁评分对IBS患者分为无焦虑抑郁亚组和伴焦虑抑郁亚组,进行统计学分析.结果 在SAS、SDS量表中,IBS组的SAS粗分、SDS粗分及SAS粗分阳性率均比健康对照组高(29.43±15.24比26.10±11.55,31.29±13.32比26.51±13.91,12.41%比3.39%),差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),SDS粗分阳性率与健康对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在PSQI量表中,IBS组及无焦虑抑郁IBS亚组在睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍等3个因子及PSQI总分比健康对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);伴焦虑抑郁的IBS亚组在睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、睡眠时间、日间功能障碍等6个因子和PSQI总分比健康对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);伴焦虑抑郁的IBS亚组在所有7个因子和PSQI总分均比无焦虑抑郁的IBS亚组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 IBS患者存在睡眠异常,主要表现在睡眠质量、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍3个因子和PSQI总分异常,这些因子的异常独立于患者的情绪障碍,但情绪障碍会加重IBS患者的睡眠异常.     

生物反馈训练对功能性便秘患者临床症状、心理状况和生活质量的影响

目的 探讨生物反馈训练对功能性便秘(FC)患者临床症状、心理状况和生活质量的影响.方法 对49例符合FC罗马Ⅲ标准的患者进行生物反馈训练,应用临床症状积分量表、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、汉化版简明健康调查量表(SF-36)评定患者治疗前后的临床症状、心理状况和生活质量的综合改善情况.结果 生物反馈训练后,FC患者临床症状显著改善,临床症状积分量表中排便间隔天数、费力程度、排便不尽和坠胀感、粪便性状、腹胀评分及总积分均有显著降低(临床症状改善).SF-36量表的8个维度(总体健康、生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、活力、社会功能、情感职能和精神健康)的评分均显著提高(生活质量改善).患者治疗后与治疗前相比,SAS量表评分(41.0±8.1比46.5±11.9)和SDS量表评分(44.0±8.2比51.2±11.5)亦显著降低(焦虑、抑郁状况改善).结论 生物反馈训练不仅能有效改善FC患者的临床症状,还可提高患者的生活质量和心理健康水平.     

肠易激综合征患者精神心理因素对生活质量、睡眠质量以及症状严重程度的影响

背景:肠易激综合征(IBS)患者多伴有焦虑、抑郁等精神心理障碍,但精神心理障碍对患者的影响尚未完全明确。目的:探讨IBS患者精神心理因素对生活质量、睡眠质量以及症状严重程度的影响。方法:纳入2014年11月—2015年5月安徽医科大学附属省立医院收治的IBS患者101例,采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)和Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)对患者心理状态进行评估;采用IBS生活质量量表(IBS-QOL)对患者生活质量进行评估;采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)对患者睡眠质量进行评估;采用IBS症状严重程度量表(IBS-SSS)对患者症状严重程度进行评估。对患者精神心理因素、生活质量、睡眠质量以及症状严重程度行相关性分析。结果:57.4%(58/101)的IBS患者伴有不同程度的焦虑和(或)抑郁。101例患者IBS-QOL评分为73.28±12.79,其中以焦虑不安、忌食和健康忧虑影响最为严重。73.3%(74/101)的患者伴有不同程度的睡眠障碍,其中以日间功能障碍、睡眠质量和睡眠效率受损最为严重。101例患者中13例症状为轻度,63例为中度,25例为重度,IBS-SSS评分为253.00±72.58。相关性分析结果显示焦虑、抑郁与生活质量呈负相关(r=-0.426,P0.001;r=-0.501,P0.001),与睡眠质量呈正相关(r=0.556,P=0.000;r=0.513,P=0.000),与症状严重程度呈正相关(r=0.231,P=0.020;r=0.357,P0.001);生活质量与症状严重程度呈负相关(r=-0.417,P0.001)。结论:IBS患者具有精神心理障碍以及生活质量、睡眠质量下降的表现,且精神心理障碍愈严重,生活质量、睡眠质量受损愈明显,IBS症状愈严重。     

功能性便秘动力学改变与情志因素的相关性

目的:分析功能性便秘(functional constipation,FC)肛肠动力学与患者生活质量及情志因素相关性.方法:患者进行肛肠动力学指标观察分析,采用生命质量调查问卷、精神心理状态评定量表问卷调查,进行动力学指标和情志因素相关性分析.结果:患者组生活质量所有8个维度的评分均低于健康对照组,存在明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪.焦虑、抑郁积分与生活质量负相关;肛肠动力学和精神心理因素相关(P<0.05),肛管缩榨压及其持续时间与抑郁自评量表(selfrating depression scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(selfrating anxiety scale,SAS)呈负相关;初始感觉阈值、排便感觉阈值和最大耐受容量与SAS、SDS呈正相关.结论:便秘显著损害患者的生存质量,易合并有焦虑、抑郁等情志因素的异常.焦虑、抑郁和生存质量相关,肛肠动力学和精神心理因素相关.     

老年冠心病患者急性应激障碍及影响因素

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者急性应激障碍及影响因素.方法 选取该院2007年3月至2011年10月收治的120例冠心病合并急性应激障碍的老年患者,并随机选取同时期的120例单纯冠心病的老年患者.对两组患者的一般情况、个人史、既往史进行统计分析,并发放症状自评量表(SCL-90)、ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、健康相关生活质量量表、西雅图心绞痛调查量表(SAQ),并对两组患者的上述量表及问卷的得分进行比较.结果 急性应激障碍组与单纯冠心病组患者在一般情况、个人史、既往史、症状自评量表评分、抑郁自评量表评分、焦虑自评量表评分、健康相关生活质量量表评分及西雅图心绞痛调查量表评分等方面比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 老年冠心病患者发生急性应激障碍与其年龄、性别、文化程度、家庭状况、经济状况、个人史、病情的严重程度、治疗效果及其整体的心理状况有密切联系,在对患者治疗及护理中,应对上述环节进行有针对性的干涉.     

功能性消化不良不同亚型临床特征研究

目的探讨功能性消化不良不同亚型患者精神心理因素、睡眠质量、生活质量方面的差异性。方法功能性消化不良患者120例,分为上腹痛综合征(epigastric pain syndrome,EPS)、餐后不适综合征(postprandial distress syndrome,PDS)和重叠型三组,均进行Zung氏焦虑自评量表、Zung氏抑郁自评量表、SF-36生活质量调查量表和匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表评定。结果 (1)三组间在焦虑患病率、抑郁患病率、睡眠障碍患病率上比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)三组患者在生理功能、情感职能、活力、精神健康、社会功能、躯体疼痛、总体健康方面比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中重叠型组评分最高;在生理职能方面三组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论功能性消化不良不同亚型患者焦虑、抑郁患病率,睡眠障碍率不同,生活质量有一定差异,针对功能性消化不良不同亚型患者的临床特征,有助于制定有效的治疗方案,对于提高功能性消化不良患者的生活质量有重要意义。     

肠易激综合征重叠功能性消化不良的问卷调查

背景：肠易激综合征（IBS）患者常重叠功能性消化不良（FD）．但目前国内关于重叠症状对IBS影响的报道并不多见。目的：研究IBS重叠FD患者的胃肠道症状严重程度、生活质量、内脏敏感性和焦虑程度。方法：选取2009年6月～2010年3月上海瑞金医院的71例IBS患者,其中31例重叠FD,并以10名健康志愿者作为正常对照。以问卷调查的形式评估受试者的胃肠道症状评估量表（GSRS）、IBS-生活质量量表（QOL）、内脏敏感指数量表（VSI）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分。结果：单纯IBS组和IBS重叠FD组四项量表评分均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。除外VSI评分,IBS重叠FD组其余评分均显著高于单纯IBS组（P〈0．05）。亚组分析显示,与单纯IBS—D组相比,IBS—D—FD组的IBS—QOL评分显著升高（P〈0．05）：IBS—C—FD组GSRS评分、IBS．QOL评分和SAS评分显著高于单纯IBS—D组和单纯IBS—C组（P〈0．05）。结论：IBS重叠FD患者较单纯IBS患者的胃肠道症状更严重．生活质量更差,焦虑症状更严重．但两者的内脏敏感性无明显差异。     

炎症性肠病患者生活质量与焦虑抑郁的相关性

目的:探讨炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowe disease,IBD)患者的精神心理因素对其生活质量的影响,以及焦虑抑郁与其生活质量之间是否存在相关性.方法:收集IBD患者、健康人群各100例,采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表与IBD生活质量量表(Inflammatory Bowel Diseas Q u e s t i o n n a i r e,I B D Q)、生活质量量表(Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 3Scales,SF-36)进行心理测评,焦虑抑郁、生活质量与健康人群比较,根据积分变化进行统计学分析,比较IBD患者的焦虑抑郁状态对生活质量的影响.结果:IBD患者IBDQ积分下降;IBD患者S F-36生活质量积分低于健康人群,两组比较(P=0.000、P=0.003);焦虑、抑郁自评积分高于健康人群(P=0.006、P=0.004)IBD患者的焦虑抑郁状态与其生活质量之间比较存在着负相关关系(P0.05).焦虑、抑郁水平越高,患者的生存质量越低.结论:IBD患者的生活质量会随着焦虑及抑郁状态的加重而下降,为了提高患者的生活质量,我们有必要对患者进行心理测评,根据心理状态情况进行适当的心理干预和/或抗焦虑抑郁药物治疗,提高治疗效果和生活质量.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.