Studies on the alkaloid constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss) Benth var. bodinaieri (Dode) Huang and their acute toxicity in mice

Six alkaloids (1–6) have been isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss) Benth var. bodinaieri (Dode) Huang, two of which are new compounds, identified as 2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone (4) and 1-methyl-2-undecanone-10′-4(1H)-quinolone (5); the known compounds were identified as rutaecarpine (1), evodiamine (2), 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinoline (3) and 2-undecanone-10′-4(1H)-quinolone (6). Compounds 1–5 were evaluated for their acute toxicity.     

中药吴茱萸中生物碱类成分的HPLC指纹图谱

目的研究中药吴茱萸中生物碱类成分的HPLC特征指纹图谱。方法应用HPLC法分析吴茱萸药材生物碱类成分色谱图。色谱柱:Agilent Extend C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-水系(水-四氢呋喃-乙酸,体积比48∶1∶0.1);洗脱方式:线性梯度洗脱;柱温:35℃;流速:1 mL.min-1;检测波长:240 nm;进样量:20μL。理论板数按吴茱萸次碱计算不低于3 000。结果10批不同来源的吴茱萸药材所含生物碱类成分均得到很好的分离,获得14个共有特征峰。结论HPLC指纹图谱法能较好地识别吴茱萸药材,为吴茱萸的质量控制提供了方法学依据。     

黄连、吴茱萸不同配比对大鼠热耐受能力的影响研究

目的 观察黄连与吴茱萸不同配伍比例（黄连-吴茱萸分别为6：1、2：1、1：1、1：6）在热环境下对大鼠肛温、生存时间和死亡率的影响,确定其对增强大鼠热耐受能力的差异.方法 将SD大鼠随机分为6组,空白对照组（A组）给生理盐水,阳性对照组（B组）给藿香正气水,实验组（C、D、E、F组）分别给黄连、吴茱萸药对各配伍比例提取物.6组同时放入温度为41℃,相对湿度为70%的人工热室中受热至死.热暴露前测各鼠肛温1次,热暴露1 h后再测1次肛温,并记录各鼠死亡时间.结果 B组和C、D、E、F组均能不同程度降低大鼠肛温、死亡率,延长存活时间,其中以D组效果最为显著.结论 黄连-吴茱萸2：1能显著增强大鼠热环境的耐受能力,抗中暑作用最为明显.     

吴茱萸化学成分的研究

从中药吴茱萸（Evodia rutaecarpa [juss] Benth)中分离出9个吲哚类生物碱和1个芳香胺，经光谱分析鉴定其结果为：evodiamine(1),rutaecarpine(2),formyldihydrorutaecarpine(3),goshuyuamide-I(4),evodiamide(5 ），hy挹minβ-carboline(7),1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-1-oxo-β-carbolie(8),dehydroevodiamine(9)的N－methylanthranylamide(10),其中9是新的天然产物，7是首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

吴茱萸化学成分研究

目的研究吴茱萸Evodia rutaecarpa ［Juss.］ Benth.的化学成分。方法采用溶剂法、硅胶柱色谱和重结晶等方法进行分离纯化，根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果从吴茱萸中分离得到14个化合物。鉴定出其中的10个化合物，分别为吴茱萸宁碱(evodianinine, 1)、吴茱萸次碱(rutaecarpine, 2)、 吴茱萸碱(evodiamine, 3)、吴茱萸酰胺I(wuchuyuamide I, 4)、羟基吴茱萸碱(hydroxyevodiamine, 5)、柠檬苦味素(limonin, 6)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol, 7)、三十碳酸(triacontanoic acid, 8)、二十九烷(nonacosane, 9)和β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol, 10)。结论通过UV，IR，ESI-MS，HREIMS，¹HNMR，¹³CNMR，HMQC，HMBC和NOESY分析，鉴定化合物1是新化合物，命名为吴茱萸宁碱。     

石虎化学成分研究

目的　研究药用植物石虎(Evodiarutaecarpa (Juss.)Benth .var.officinalis (Dode)Huang)的化学成分。方法利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果　从石虎中分得多个化合物,本文主要报道石虎柠檬素A(R and S ,1)、大黄酚(chrysophanol,2 )、大黄素(emodin ,3)、大黄素甲醚(physcion ,4)和已知柠檬素(limonin ,5 )等化合物。结论　石虎柠檬素A(R and S)为新化合物,结构鉴定为21(R and S)-羟基-23-羰基-20-烯-柠檬素[21(R and S)-OH-23-oxo-20-en-limonin],化合物2 - 4等蒽醌类化合物为从吴茱萸属中首次获得     

Limonoid constituents of Euodia rutaecarpa var. bodinieri and their inhibition on NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages

A new limonoid compound, named evorubodinin (1), was isolated from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. bodinieri (Dode) Huang (family Rutaceae), together with two known limonoid compounds, limonin (2) and evolimorutanin (3). The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic method and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds 1–3 and the structurally related compounds evodol (4), shihulimonin A1 (5), evodirutaenin (6), 12α-hydroxyrutaevin (7), and rutaevin (8) on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages were also assayed. All compounds 1–8 showed the inhibitory activity, in which both 7 and 8 with the uncommon 5β-H configuration more efficiently inhibited NO production. The results provided valuable information for further investigation of compounds 1–8 as anti-inflammatory agents or lead compounds.     

硫辛酸通过抑制NF-κB-iNOS-NO信号保护氧化应激诱导的PC12细胞损伤

目的研究硫辛酸对氧化应激的PCI2细胞NF-κB—iNOS-NO信号通路的影响。方法用终浓度为0．4mmol·L^-1的H2O2损伤PC12细胞,用MTT法测定细胞存活率;用激光共聚焦法（LSCM）检测细胞内一氧化氮的动态变化;用RT-PCR法检测iNOS mRNA和NF-κBp65 mRNA表达量的变化。结果0．4mmol·L^-1的H2O2处理PC12细胞4h,细胞存活率为27．9％（P〈0．01）,硫辛酸10mg·L^-1可以提高H2O2损伤的PC12细胞存活率（65．4％,P〈0．01）;LSCM检测显示,DAF-2荧光强度的比值（F1/F0）的最大值由损伤模型组的5．34下降到1．80;和模型组比较,iNOS mRNA和NF柚p65mRNA的表达明显下调（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论硫辛酸可能通过抑制NF-κB-iNOS—NO信号减轻氧化应激诱导的PC12细胞损伤。     

紫苏子化学成分初步研究

对紫苏子化学成分的研究结果表明：种子含大量脂肪油（含量42．16％），油中含大量不饱和脂肪酸：亚麻酸（64．752％）、亚油酸（13．802％）、油酸（14．278％）等，总量达94．682％。此外，种子含18种氨基酸和18种矿质元素，表明种子含有种类齐全的氨基酸和矿质元素。因此，种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和药用保健功效。     

大花鸡肉参的化学成分研究

目的:研究紫葳科角蒿属植物大花鸡肉参的化学成分.方法:利用硅胶色谱柱,制备薄层色谱和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱纯化,硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,通过理化常数和光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构.结果:从大花鸡肉参的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了12个化合物的结构,分别是:邻-羟基苯甲酸(O-Hvdroxvbenzoic acid)、棕榈酸(Palmitic acid)、正二十六烷酸(Hexacosanoic acid)、β-谷甾醇(β-Sitosterol)、β-胡萝卜苷(Daucosterol)、齐墩果酸(Oleanolic acid)、乌苏酸(Ursolic acid)、槲皮素(Quercetin)、槲皮苷(Vincetoxicosi-de B)、对羟基苯甲酸(p-Hydroxy benzoic acid)、3-甲氧基4-羟基苯甲酸(3-Methoxy 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid)、豆甾醇(Stigmasterol).结论:化合物1-12均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

白茅根化学及药理研究进展

白茅根为中医传统常用中药，用作利尿和抗炎剂．本文对白茅根的化学和药理研究进展进行了综述，包括晚近自该中药中分得一些重要的化学成分如三萜类化合物、内酯、甾醇及有机酸等，以及有关其止血、利尿、抗菌和抗肝炎等活性研究．     

1 H n.m.r. long-range coupling in 2,4-disubstituted-5(4H)-oxazolones and 4-alkyl-5(2H)-oxazolones generated therefrom by the action of triethylamine

Long-range couplings were observed between H-4 and 2-CCH_a of 2,4-disubstituted-5(4H)-oxazolones, and H-4 and H-2 of 4-alkyl-5(4H)-oxazolones. In the presence of triethylamine, H-4 of the latter migrates to C-2 accompanied by a shift of the double bond to give 4-alkyl-5(2H)-oxazolones which show ⁵J coupling between H₂-2 and 4-CCH_a protons.     

蒲黄的化学成分研究

目的 研究蒲黄的化学成分.方法 通过硅胶层析分离得到5个化合物并用各种波谱方法鉴定了结构.结果 5个化合物分别是二十烷酸(Ⅰ)、十八烷酸(Ⅱ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅲ)、香草酸(Ⅳ)、嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮(Ⅴ).结论 化合物Ⅴ是首次从该属植物中分得的化合物.     

国产沉香化学成分研究 Ⅳ.2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物的分离与鉴定

自国产沉香(Lignum Aquilariae sinensis)[属瑞香科(Thymeleaceae)植物]的乙醇提取物的乙醚溶解部分中分离得到六个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物。经光谱(UV,IR,¹HNMR ¹³CNMR和MS)分析及化学合成,确定其中一个为新化合物,即6-羟基-2-[2-(4-甲氧基苯)乙基]色酮(Ⅴ)。其余五个为已知化合物,即2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,6-氧基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,6,7-二甲氧基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,6-甲氧基-2-[2-(3′-甲氧基苯)乙基]色酮和6-羟基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,这些化合物均是首次从该植物中分离得到。     

HPLC法测定北细辛中芝麻脂素和细辛脂素的含量

目的：建立北细辛中Ｌ－芝麻脂素和Ｌ－细辛脂素的含量测定方法，为该药材提供质量控制标准。方法：以醋酸乙酯为溶剂，加热回流１２０ｍｉｎ撮用ＨＰＬＣ法测定：使用Ｈｙｐｅｒｓｉｌ ＢＤＳ Ｃ１８色谱柱（２５０ｍｍ＊４．６ｍｍ，５μｍ），流动相：乙膊－水（５０：５０），流速１．２ｍＬ．ｍｉｎ^-1,检测波长：２８７ｎｍ，纸整党ｍｍ．ｍｉｎ^-1，进样量：１０αＬ，外标法定量。结果：两组分的平均回收率分别为芝麻脂素     

铁扫帚化学成分研究

目的研究铁扫帚的化学成分。方法采用反复柱色谱方法进行分离，利用化合物的光谱学数据结合理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离并鉴定8个化合物：β-谷甾醇（Ⅰ）、正二十八烷醇（Ⅱ）、水杨酸（Ⅲ）、香草酸（Ⅳ）、山柰酚（Ⅴ）、桷皮素（Ⅵ）、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（Ⅶ）、胡萝卜苷（Ⅷ）。结论化合物Ⅱ～Ⅷ为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

Studies on the comparative toxicity of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine,S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-homocysteine and 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene in the Fischer 344 rat

The renal tubular toxicity of various halogenated xenobiotics has been attributed to their enzymatic bioactivation to reactive intermediates by S-conjugation. A combination of high resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy of urine, renal histopathology and more routinely used clinical chemistry methods has been used to explore the acute toxic and biochemical effects of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-homocysteine (DCVHC) and 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (TCTFP) up to 48 h following their administration to male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. In the absence of gross renal pathology, ¹H NMR urinalysis revealed increased excretion of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates citrate and succinate following DCVC administration. In contrast, both DCVHC and TCTFP produced functional defects in the S₂ and S₃ segments of the proximal tubule that were confirmed histologically. In these cases, ¹H NMR urinalysis revealed increased excretion of glucose, L-lactate, acetate and 3-D-hydroxybutyrate (HB) as well as selective amino aciduria (alanine, valine, glutamate and glutamine). The significance of the proximal nephropathies induced by DCVHC and TCTFP is discussed in relation to biochemical observations on other xenobiotics that are toxic by similar mechanisms. Received: 25 April 1994 / Accepted: 13 June 1994     

6-取代苯基-3(2H)哒嗪酮的合成、抗惊活性及其构效关系的研究

本文报道了14个6-取代苯基-4,5-二氢-3(2H)哒嗪酮和15个6-取代苯基-3(2H)哒嚎酮的合成及其抗电惊活性。其ED₅₀值表明,以2′,4′-二氯苯基-3(2H)哒嗪酮的抗惊作用为最强。构效分析表明,苯环上的取代基对化合物的抗惊活性有明显影响,吸电子取代基和疏水性参数值较大的取代基有利于提高化合物的抗惊活性。     

Suppressive effect of 2-phenyl-4-quinolone (YT 1) on hind-paw edema and cutaneous vascular plasma extravasation in mice

Like indomethacin, BW755C, diphenhydramine and methysergide, 2-phenyl-4-quinolone (YT-1) suppressed the polymyxin B-induced hind-paw edema. This inhibitory effect of YT-1 was also demonstrated in adrenalectomized mice. YT-1 inhibited the antidromic stimulation of saphenous nerve-induced plasma leakage in dorsal paw skin and reduced the volume of plasma exudation in PCA reaction. Bradykinin-, substance P- and compound 48/80-induced mouse ear edema was suppressed by YT-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In isolated rat peritoneal mast cells, YT-1 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of bradykinin-, substance P- and compound 48/80-induced histamine and -glucuronidase release. YT-1 also reduced the TXB₂ formation from PMN leukocytes with IC₅₀ 2.0±0.5 M, however with little effect on LTB₄ formation. Histamine- and serotonin-induced plasma exudation in ear edema were reduced by YT-1. Moreover, the maximal response of ileum contraction caused by histamine and serotonin were also suppressed by YT-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In compound 48/80-pretreatment mice, YT-1 failed to suppress the bradykinin- and substance P-induced ear edema to a significantly greater extent than diphenhydramine combined with methysergide did. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of YT-1 on local edema formation is not through the release of steroid hormones from adrenal gland, and is probably by suppressing the release of chemical mediators from mast cells, inhibition of prostaglandins formation, and noncompetitive but selective protection of the vasculature against the histamine- and serotonin-induced plasma extravasation. Correspondence to: J.-P. Wang at the above address     

Effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on covalent binding and toxicity of 4-ipomeanol in inducible and non-inducible (B6D2) mice

The effects of 3-methylchloanthrene (MC) on the covalent binding and toxicity of 4-ipomeanol (1-(3-furyl)-4-hydroxypentanone, IPO) were studied in $\text{(}\text{C}\text{57}\text{BL}\text{6}\text{N}\text{(}\text{DBA}\text{2}\text{N}\text{)}\text{F}{}_1\text{×}\text{DBA}\text{2}\text{N}$ backcross (B6D2)D2) mice previously segregated into relatively “inducible” or “non-inducible” groups based on zoxazolamine (2-amino-5-chlorobenzoxazole, ZOX) paralysis times following MC treatment. MC decreased the covalently bound IPO metabolite(s) both in the lungs and in the kidneys of “inducible” and “non-inducible” mice when compared to controls not pretreated with MC. On the other hand, concentrations of covalently bound IPO metabolite(s) in liver were increased in “inducible” mice and decreased in “non-inducible” mice by MC pretreatment when compared to non-pretreated heterogenous mice. Associated with MC pretreatment was a significant decrease in the acute lethality of IPO both in the “inducible” and in the “non-inducible” mice when compared to non-pretreated control animals (LD₅₀: 213 ± 2, 140 ± 14 and 14 ± 4 mg/kg, respectively). Hepatic necrosis occurred frequently in the “inducible” mice and occasionally in the “non-inducible” mice given large IPO doses near the respective LD₅₀-values. Hepatic necrosis was never observed in non-pretreated mice receiving near lethal doses of IPO. These results support previous studies indicating that reactive IPO metabolites binding to extrahepatic tissues are formed in situ and do not reflect binding of blood-borne metabolites formed in the liver.