3 cm以下的肝脏常见病变磁共振扩散成像的量化研究

目的　通过量化分析 3cm以下的肝脏常见良恶性病变磁共振扩散加权成像 (DWI)影像特点 ,提高对肝脏有关病变的诊断准确性。方法　在肝细胞癌、肝转移瘤、肝血管瘤和肝囊肿 4种常见病变病例中 ,选取 97个病灶。其中肝细胞癌 2 2个病灶 ,肝转移瘤 2 1个病灶 ,肝血管瘤 2 8个病灶 ,肝囊肿 2 6个病灶 ,测量并计算各种病变DWI图像的表面扩散系数 (ADC值 )以及肝细胞癌和肝转移瘤的瘤 /肝ADC值比值。结果　在扩散敏感系数 (b值 )差为 5 0 0mm2 /s的DWI图像上 ,肝细胞癌的ADC值均值为 (0 .91± 0 .0 7)× 10 -3 mm2 /s,肝转移瘤为 (1.13± 0 .2 7)× 10 -3 mm2 /s,肝血管瘤为 (1.94±0 .37)× 10 -3 mm2 /s,肝囊肿为 (3.2 6± 0 .30 )× 10 -3 mm2 /s;肝细胞癌的瘤 /肝ADC值比值均值为 0 .91±0 .0 7,肝转移瘤的瘤 /肝ADC值比值均值为 1.13± 0 .2 7,二者差异有显著性。结论　综合分析肝脏病变的ADC值及瘤 /肝ADC值比值的变化规律 ,可准确判断肝脏有关病变的性质 ,对肝脏疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断做出准确结论。     

3.0T磁共振弥散加权成像在进展期胃癌新辅助化疗效果评价中的应用

目的：探讨3.0T磁共振（MRI）弥散加权成像（DWI）在评价进展期胃癌新辅助化疗效果中的临床应用价值。方法对经超声胃镜及病理确诊的42例进展期胃癌患者进行3.0T MRI DWI检查,其中32例患者在新辅助化疗前后均进行了DWI检查,分析DWI对胃癌病灶、胃周淋巴结的显示能力,通过测量正常胃壁与肿瘤累及区域的表观弥散系数（ADC）值比较两者之间的差异性;对同一患者新辅助化疗前后肿瘤ADC值进行比较,并与术后病理结果进行对比。结果42例患者共进行74次DWI检查,肿瘤和胃周淋巴结在DWI上均呈明显的高信号,肿瘤平均ADC值为（1.348±0.278）×10-3 mm2／s,12例胃周肿大淋巴结平均ADC值为（1.329±0.188）×10-3 mm2／s,而正常胃壁在DWI上表现为低信号,平均ADC值为（2.081±0.189）×10-3 mm2／s,正常胃壁与肿瘤及胃周淋巴结比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;化疗后肿瘤的ADC值升高,平均（1.572±0.261）×10-3 mm2／s,与化疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。16例患者新辅助化疗后进行胃癌根治术,术后病理TRG评级肿瘤均有不同程度的消退,肿瘤细胞密度（TCD）化疗前平均为4.45×10-5／px2,化疗并手术后TCD平均为2.48×10-5／px2,与DWI上测得的ADC值呈负相关。结论MRI DWI检查可有效地检测进展期胃癌肿瘤累及范围和胃周淋巴结肿大情况,比较进展期胃癌新辅助化疗前后肿瘤的形态学及ADC值的改变对疗效的评价有一定临床价值。     

正常子宫颈和宫颈癌的弥散加权成像特点

背景与目的:磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)是宫颈癌诊断和分期的重要检查方法.本研究对正常子宫颈和宫颈癌组织的弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)特点进行分析,并探讨DWI在宫颈癌诊断以及放疗后疗效监测方面的价值.方法:对16例非宫颈肿瘤女性的子宫颈和20例宫颈癌患者的子宫颈进行常规MRI扫描和横断面DWI(b=800 s/mm2),比较正常宫颈和宫颈癌病灶的表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值.比较未行手术的7例宫颈癌患者放疗前后宫颈的ADC值.结果:正常子宫颈在DWI图上呈三层结构,其平均ADC值[(1.71±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s)]显著高于宫颈癌的ADC值[(0.97±0.13)×10-3 mm2/s)](P＜0.01).放疗后子宫颈的ADC值[(1.49±1.40)×10-3 mm2/s]较放疗前[(1.02±0.06)×10-3 mm2/s]升高,但仍低于正常子宫颈.结论:DWI能够区分正常子宫颈和宫颈癌组织,可用于宫颈癌治疗前侵犯范围的评价,并可显示放疗后宫颈组织的改变.     

弥散加权成像在肝细胞肝癌和胆管细胞癌鉴别诊断中的应用

[目的]探讨弥散加权成像（DWI）在肝细胞肝癌和胆管细胞癌鉴别诊断中的价值。[方法]19例经病理证实的肝细胞肝癌患者和10例经病理证实的胆管细胞癌患者进行MR检查,DWI采用单次激发平面回波成像序列,在工作站上进行ADC值测量。[结果]肝细胞肝癌和胆管细胞癌的ADC值分别为1.162×10^-3±0.045×10^-3mm^2/s和1.484×10^-3±0.191×10^-3mm^2/s,均低于正常肝脏组织的1.780×10^-3±0.492×10^-3mm^2/s。肝细胞肝癌和胆管细胞癌的ADC值有统计学差异（P〈0.01）,两者的瘤/肝值也有统计学差异。[结论]依据磁共振弥散成像的DWI图像、ADC值,对肝细胞肝癌和胆管细胞癌的鉴别诊断有一定价值。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在乳腺病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值

背景与目的:磁共振扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)是目前惟一能观察活体水分子微观运动的成像方法,能够检测出与组织含水量改变有关的形态学和病理学的早期改变,已广泛应用于脑部病变的诊断和鉴别诊断,但在乳腺病变诊断中的应用目前仍处于研究探索阶段.本文目的在于探讨DWI在乳腺病变鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:分析52例经手术病理学检查证实的乳腺疾病患者的DWI资料,包括恶性病灶27个,良性病变36个.DWI采用单次激发平面回波成像(echo planar imaging,EPI)技术.以10例正常乳腺为对照组.测量病灶的表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值,比较良恶性病变、正常腺体ADC值是否具有显著性差异.采用接收者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)确定ADC值的诊断阈值,并用于诊断.结果:DWI对乳腺病变的显示良好.良性病变平均ADC值为(1.59±0.26)×10-3 mm2/s,95%参考值范围为(1.07～2.11)×10-3 mm2/s;恶性病灶平均ADC值为(0.87±0.23)×10-3 mm2/s,95%参考值范围(0.42～1.32)×10-3 mm2/s;正常腺体ADC值为(1.98±0.31)×10-3mm2/s.95%参考值范围(1.38～2.58)×10-3 mm2/s,三组ADC值之间均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).ROC曲线下面积(Az值)为0.96(95%可信区间0.92～1.00),诊断阈值为1.22×10-3 mm2/s.以此值作为良、恶性判断标准,敏感性88.9%,特异性87.9%,准确性85.0%.结论:ADC值有助于乳腺病变的鉴别诊断,DWI在乳腺癌的诊断上具有临床应用前景.     

ADC值测量在颅脑DWI高信号肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的:探讨ADC值测量对颅脑DWI高信号肿瘤的诊断价值.方法:对46例DWI高信号肿瘤分类,并测量其ADC值.结果:胶质瘤、转移瘤、脑膜瘤、淋巴瘤ADC值分别为(0.90±0.16)×10-3mm2/s、(0.75±0.21)×10-3mm2/s、(0.86±0.11)×10-3mm2/s、(0.91±0.16)×10-3mm2/s,各肿瘤之间的ADC值无显著性差异(P＞0.05),低级别胶质瘤与高级别胶质瘤之间ADC值有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:对DWI高信号肿瘤ADC值测量可以提供脑肿瘤的组织成分信息,ADC值可预测胶质瘤级别.     

弥散加权成像表观弥散系数预测肺癌放疗疗效与预后分析

目的 磁共振弥散加权成像可反映放疗前后肿瘤内部的功能变化及肿瘤细胞的存活情况,从而为肺癌疗效评价及预后评估提供重要参考信息.本研究通过测量肺癌患者放疗前后磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging,DWI)表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)的大小及变化情况,探讨该技术在预测肺癌放疗疗效及预后评估中的应用价值.方法 选取2011-01-01-2013-10-31河北医科大学第四医院收治接受三维适形或调强放疗的Ⅲ期肺癌患者34例.处方剂量50～66 Gy,单次2～2.2 Gy.放疗前后l周内行CT扫描及磁共振检查,应用CT、DWI ADC表观弥散系数评价放疗疗效,并与生存相结合进行预后分析.结果 全组患者治疗前后可测量原发灶ADC值分别为(1.03±0.12)×10-3和(1.41±0.10)×10-3 mm2/s,治疗后ADC值明显高于治疗前,z=-4.541,P＜0.001.非小细胞癌组与小细胞癌组肿瘤退缩率差异有统计学意义,z=-3.038,P=0.002.非小细胞癌组与小细胞癌组治疗前(z=-0.527,P=0.598)及治疗后(z=-1.353,P=0.176)原发灶ADC值差异均无统计学意义;小细胞癌组治疗前后ADC值变化更显著,z=-3.337,P=0.001.非小细胞癌组治疗前ADC值、△ADC与肿瘤退缩率之间存在关联性,r值分别为-0.432和0.604,P值分别为0.016和0.001.治疗前低ADC值组(≤1.03×10-3 mm2/s)和高ADC值组(＞1.03×10-3 mm2/s)1年生存率分别为69.2％和17.7％,2年为23.1％和0,3年为23.1％和0,x2=5.577,P=0.018.低△ADC值组(≤0.41×10 3 mm2/s)和高△ADC值组(＞0.41×10-3 mm2/s)1年生存率分别为29.4％和62.5％,2年为0和37.5％,3年为0和37.5％,x2=6.989,P=0.008.治疗后低ADC值和高ADC值组,1年生存率分别为27.3％和57.1％,2年为0和21.4％,3年为0和21.4％,x2=7.626,P=0.006.Cox回归模型单因素分析显示,非小细胞癌患者放疗前和放疗后ADC值大小、治疗前后ADC值变化为预后影响因素.小细胞癌组仅△ADC值与肿瘤退缩率存在负相关,r=-0.840,P=0.005;Cox回归模型单因素分析显示,治疗前后ADC值变化、治疗后ADC值大小为预后影响因素,Wald=3.935和4.495,P=0.047和0.034.结论 肺癌患者放疗前后ADC值变化、治疗末ADC值大小为预后影响因素,经治疗后ADC值变化显著者及治疗末高ADC值表达者提示预后良好,对于非小细胞癌患者治疗前高ADC值表达者提示预后不良.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在膀胱肿瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨磁共振(magnetic resonance,MR)扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)及表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值在膀胱肿瘤诊断、分期及分级中的应用价值。方法:2010年1月—2011年2月,共收集73例膀胱占位患者的DWI图像,并结合术后病理诊断结果分析DWI诊断膀胱癌的敏感度及特异度;分别测量膀胱癌、肿瘤周围膀胱壁、尿液及膀胱炎症的ADC值并进行比较。对膀胱癌患者DWI图像进行肿瘤分期,与常规MR及病理结果对照,对不同分级膀胱尿路上皮癌的ADC值进行比较。结果:DWI诊断膀胱癌的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为92.3%、75.0%和90.4%。膀胱癌、膀胱炎症、病灶周围膀胱壁和尿液的平均ADC值分别为(0.97±0.25)×10-3mm2/s、(1.49±0.15)×10-3mm2/s、(1.47±0.13)×10-3mm2/s和(2.57±0.17)×10-3mm2/s,膀胱癌与病灶周围膀胱壁、膀胱癌与尿液、膀胱癌与膀胱炎症的平均ADC值之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。DWI区分非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non-muscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)和肌层浸润性膀胱癌(muscle invasive bladder cancer,MIBC)的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为93.2%、68.8%和86.7%,与常规MR的77.3%、50.0%和70.0%比较,两者之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.027)。高分级与低分级膀胱尿路上皮癌的平均ADC值分别为(0.78±0.13)×10-3mm2/s和(1.14±0.21)×10-3mm2/s,两者之间差异有明显的统计学意义(P<0.01)。通过受试者工作特性(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,ADC值≤1.04×10-3mm2/s为阈值时,区分高分级与低分级膀胱尿路上皮癌的敏感度和特异度分别为84.8%和91.7%。结论:DWI及ADC值用于膀胱癌的诊断有较好的效果,同时DWI对膀胱癌肿瘤分期有较高的准确度,ADC值能够量化区分不同分级膀胱尿路上皮癌。     

星形细胞瘤磁共振弥散加权成像与肿瘤细胞密度的相关性研究

目的运用磁共振(MR)弥散加权成像技术评估近似弥散系数(ADC)在星形细胞瘤的细胞密度和病理分级中的作用。方法术前进行磁共振成像(MRI)和MR弥散加权成像检查且经手术病理证实的34例星形细胞瘤患者,其中低级别(Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)26例,高级别(Ⅲ、Ⅳ级)8例。在MRI上计算瘤体的ADC值,运用AdobePhotoshop7.0.1软件分析星形细胞瘤的细胞密度,用SPSS10.0软件对资料进行处理。结果高级别星形细胞瘤的ADC为(7.34±2.95)×10-4mm2/s,低级别星形细胞瘤的ADC为(13.76±3.31)×10-4mm2/s,两者之间差异有统计学意义(t=4.91,P<0.001);高级别星形细胞瘤的细胞密度为(19.81±9.73)%,明显大于低级别星形细胞瘤的细胞密度(4.74±2.96)%(t=4.32,P=0.003);星形细胞瘤的ADC值与细胞密度呈显著负相关(r=-0.535,P=0.001)。结论星形细胞瘤的ADC值与肿瘤细胞密度呈显著负相关;MR弥散加权成像具有对星形细胞瘤的良、恶性程度进行预测的潜能。     

磁共振弥散加权成像监测乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的应用价值

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)监测乳腺癌新辅助化疗的早期疗效及评估化疗后残留病灶的价值.方法 前瞻性选取88例术前进行新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者的89个病灶,用DWI直方图分析化疗过程中肿瘤多层面表观弥散系数(ADC)值的变化,随访新辅助化疗的疗效.比较按DWI图重建所测肿瘤体积与术后病理测量肿瘤体积的相关性.结果 89个乳腺癌病灶中,化疗有效68个,无效21个.化疗有效组和无效组患者在化疗前的肿瘤ADC值分别为(1.049±0.135)× 10-3 mm2/s和(1.171±0.134)×10-3mm2/s,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.731,P=0.009).全组患者化疗前的肿瘤ADC值为(1.087±0.146)×10-3 mm2/s,肿瘤退缩率为70.4%±55.1%,两者呈负相关(r=-0.430,P=0.025).有效组化疗前、化疗1个疗程后和化疗结束时的肿瘤ADC值差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).无效组化疗前、化疗1个疗程后和化疗结束时的肿瘤ADC值差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).DWI监测化疗结束后残存肿瘤体积与病理结果高度相关(r=0.749,P<0.01).结论 DWI可在乳腺癌新辅助化疗早期通过ADC值变化来监测肿瘤对治疗的反应,评估残存肿瘤大小,从而评价或预测新辅助化疗的疗效.     

Density estimation for positron emission tomography

PET (positron emission tomography) scans are still in the experimental phase, as one of the newest breast cancer diagnostic techniques. There are two traditional approaches to the computation of images from data collected in PET. In the first, standard CT (computed tomography) algorithms are used on rays designated by pairs of detectors receiving coincidence events. The problem generated by this approach is that generally only the mean can be used by such algorithms. With the relatively small numbers of events in PET, and with Poisson statistics for which variance equals the mean, the noise sensitivity of standard CT algorithms becomes limiting. This is exasperated further by 3D imaging with cylindrical arrays of detectors. Statistical CT algorithms take the variance into account. As in the list-mode approach, we consider each coincidence event individually. However, we estimate the location of the annihilation event that caused each coincidence event, one by one, based on the previously assigned location of events processed earlier. The estimated annihilation locations form the image. To accomplish this, we construct a probability distribution along each coincidence line. This is generated from previous annihilation points by density estimation. In this paper we present our density estimation approach to positron emission tomography. Nonparametric methods of density estimation are overviewed followed by numerical examples. Our goal here is to determine which density estimation approach is most suitable for PET.     

Endocan-microvascular Density in Primary Ovarian Carcinoma

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer is among the leading causes of death in women and is driven by angiogenesis. Microvascular density (MVD) can be used to evaluate angiogenesis in carcinomas and thus it can be used as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer. This study is aimed to establish the association between endocan-MVD with clinicopathological factors in primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics were acquired from the medical records filed between January 2008 and December 2018 of 89 epithelial ovarian cancer cases in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. Sectioned samples were analyzed for endocan through immunohistochemistry followed by the quantification of MVD. The association between clinicopathological characteristics and endocan-MVD was analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test and Fischer’s exact test. Results: All cases of epithelial ovarian carcinomas were positive for endocan. The mean ± standard deviation value of endocan-MVD level was 21.6±14.60 microvessels per 200x field. A total of 53 (59.6%) cases had low and 36 (40.04%) had high endocan-MVD values. High endocan-MVD level had a significant association with the older age group (p-value = 0.009), smaller tumor size (p-value<0.001), type II tumor (p-value<0.001), high-grade tumor (p-value<0.001), advanced FIGO stage (p-value=0.002), and presence of tumor recurrence (p-value=0.017). No significant association was found between endocan-MVD and the other clinicopathological characteristics such as race, pre-operative serum CA-125 level, presence of diabetes mellitus, endometriosis, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and family history of malignancy. Conclusion: Endocan-MVD showed a significant association with age, tumor size, tumor type, tumor grade, FIGO stage, and recurrence in primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Thus, endocan-MVD could be implemented as a reliable marker to predict prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer in the future.     

肿瘤微血管密度在直肠癌组织中的表达

目的 :探讨肿瘤微血管密度 (MVD)在直肠癌组织中的表达特点。方法 :应用免疫组化法检测31例直肠癌 ,5例直肠腺瘤患者的MVD。结果 :MVD在 5例直肠腺瘤中的平均值 (32 2 0± 5 5 9)明显低于 31例直肠癌患者的平均值 (82 74± 30 4 1) ,P <0 0 5。 31例直肠癌患者中MVD与其年龄、浸润深度、淋巴结转以及远处转移有关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而与患者的性别、肿块外形、肿瘤的病理类型及分级无关。结论 :直肠癌患者的MVD值与肿瘤的分期密切相关 ,可作为直肠癌的预后指标     

Circulating Hormones and Mammographic Density in Premenopausal Women

Prior research suggests that several endogenous hormones in premenopausal women are associated with breast cancer risk; however, few studies have evaluated associations of endogenous hormones with mammographic density (MD) in premenopausal women. We conducted a cross-sectional study of plasma hormone levels in relation to MD among 634 cancer-free premenopausal women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. We measured percent MD from screening mammograms using a computer-assisted method. We assayed estradiol, estrone, and estrone sulfate in blood samples timed in early follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle as well as testosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), and anti-Müllerian hormone in luteal or untimed samples. We used multivariable linear regression to quantify the association of %MD with quartiles of each hormone, adjusting for age, body mass index, and breast cancer risk factors. Women in the highest quartile of follicular estradiol levels had significantly greater %MD compared to those in the lowest quartile [difference, 6.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2, 11.3; p-trend?<?0.001]. Similar associations were observed for follicular free estradiol but not luteal-phase estradiol. Also, women in the top (vs. bottom) quartile of free testosterone had significantly lower %MD (difference, ??4.7; 95% CI ??8.7, ??0.8; p-trend?=?0.04). Higher SHBG was significantly associated with higher percent MD (difference, 4.8; 95% CI 1.1, 8.6; p-trend?=?0.002). Percent MD was not strongly associated with other measured hormones. Results were similar in analyses that excluded women with anovulatory cycles. Our findings suggest that follicular estradiol and SHBG may play an important role in premenopausal percent MD.     

Breast Density Notification: Current UK National Practice

Increased breast density is a risk factor for breast cancer and can mask cancer on mammography. This survey attempts to understand clinician views regarding breast density notification in the United Kingdom. Two separate breast density surveys were distributed to radiologists and breast surgeons between May 2019 and May 2020. Invited participants were members of the British Society of Breast Radiology and the Association of Breast Surgeons. We received 232 completed questionnaires from 109 surgeons (71%) and 123 radiologists (41%). Fourteen percent of the surgeons reported discussing the increased risk of developing cancer with their patients, and 20% of the surgeons recommended further imaging compared with 50% of the radiologists. Fifty-two percent of surgeons and 28% of radiologists felt women should not be informed of their breast density scores considering the lack of National Health Service–funded supplementary imaging. Almost all respondents of this survey called for guidelines regarding the reporting and management of UK patients with increased breast density (90%). Density notification is becoming increasingly central to breast screening, and our results highlight an urgent need for a national consensus.     

乳腺癌组织中微血管密度检测的临床意义

目的　探讨乳腺癌组织内微血管密度与乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法　采用免疫组化SABC法 ,检测 49例乳腺癌组织内微血管生成情况。结果　腋淋巴结阳性组微血管密度为 (116.0± 43 .2 )个 /mm2 ,阴性组为 (74.5± 3 2 .8)个 /mm2 ,两者有显著性差异。瘤体直径≤ 2 .0cm组微血管密度为 (68.5± 2 4.9)个 /mm2 ,>2 .0cm组为 (10 8.2± 42 .7)个 /mm2 ,两者有显著性差异。c erbB2阳性表达组微血管密度为 (110 .1± 43 .9)个 /mm2 ,阴性组为 (81.0± 3 8.9)个 /mm2 ,两者有显著性差异。复发组微血管密度为 (119.0± 3 9.6)个 /mm2 ,未复发组为 (64 .4± 2 4.1)个 /mm2 ,两者有显著性差异。结论　肿瘤组织内微血管的生成程度与乳腺癌的生长和转移密切相关 ,微血管密度可作为评估乳腺癌患者预后的指标之一。     

Breast Density and the Importance of Supplemental Screening

Purpose of Review

Mammographically dense breast tissue raises the risk of developing breast cancer and makes detection of breast cancer more difficult using standard of care mammography. This paper seeks to outline the evidence behind these risks and highlight the importance of informing patients, and their clinicians, of their density status. Solutions are also offered for improved detection in cancer screening in this population.

Recent Findings

Many states now require density information be conveyed to the patient. When performed in addition to screening mammography, supplemental screening methods (including tomosynthesis, ultrasound, and especially MRI) have demonstrated markedly improved rates of cancer detection in the dense screening population. However, only six states mandate insurance coverage for supplemental screening.

Summary

Increased breast density inherently raises the risk of breast cancer and reduces mammographic sensitivity. It is essential that women with dense breasts are notified of these hazards and provided with additional screening methods to aid in early detection.

     

微血管计数在子宫内膜癌中的意义

目的:探讨不同病理类型子宫内膜癌中微血管密度与临床病理的关系。方法:采用S-P免疫组化染色法检测29例雌激素依赖型(Ⅰ型)子宫内膜癌及23例非雌激素依赖型(Ⅱ型)子宫内膜癌中CD34的表达以及计数微血管密度(M icro Vessel Density,MVD)。结果:Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌的MVD 76.9±31.2,Ⅱ型子宫内膜癌MVD131.65±35.63,有显著统计学差异(P<0.001)。低分化子宫内膜癌组MVD显著高于高、中分化子宫内膜癌组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌中MVD和FIGO分期、子宫外转移和淋巴结转移有相关性。Ⅱ型子宫内膜癌中MVD与上述子宫内膜癌临床病理因素之间均无相关关系。结论:MVD与子宫内膜癌的发生有关,可作为Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌预后判断的参考指标。Ⅱ型子宫内膜癌可能在发病、发展、侵袭和转移过程中,具有不同于Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌的生物学模式。     

微血管密度在直肠癌切除中的意义

目的研究直肠癌组织及其远侧端黏膜组织中微血管的分布,并从分子病理学水平上探讨直肠癌的安全远侧切缘。方法采用免疫组织化学染色半定量测定方法对45例直肠癌及其远侧端黏膜的微血管密度(Micro-vessel Density,MVD)进行研究。结果直肠癌肿瘤组织中MVD较高;直肠癌远侧端黏膜MVD随着距离增大而降低,且在直肠远侧端1.0cm内有显著性异常改变;直肠远侧端黏膜MVD与肿瘤分期以及病理类型无关。结论直肠腺癌远侧端MVD可作为直肠远切端切除长度的一个相对独立的分子病理学指标,直肠远侧端切除的长度至少应大于1cm。