Lymphotropic effect of dimephosphon,mexidol, and ketorolac is realized via activation of the lymphangion and stimulation of lymph formation

Single parenteral administration of dimephosphon, mexidol, and ketorolac produces a lymphotropic effect. Dimephosphon directly affects the lymph system by increasing the number of functioning lymph capillaries and contractile activity of the walls and valves of small intestinal mesenteric lymphangions in rats, which leads to stimulation of lymph circulation. Mexidol and ketorolac increased only lymph flow rate in the thoracic lymph duct, which attested to their indirect effect of the lymph system (presumably associated with stimulation of lymph formation). Despite these differences in the mechanisms of lymphotropic effect, all these drugs activate lymph drainage and, hence, transporting function of the lymph system. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 4, pp. 423–426, April, 2007     

Distribution of thietazole in organs and tissues of rats after single and repeated administration

We studied the kinetics of thietazole distribution in the liver, brain, kidneys, spleen, heart, skeletal muscles, lungs, adipose tissue, and testicles after single and repeated administration of this drug. Single and repeated administration of thietazole was followed by elimination of this drug from the blood into organs and tissues. After repeated administration, thietazole was selectively accumulated in the spleen. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 555–557, May, 2008     

Reaction of the popliteal lymph node to transcutaneous irradiation with helium-neon laser

Prolonged transcutaneous irradiation with helium-neon laser light decreases the transport ability of the popliteal and iliac lymph nodes. Laser radiation stimulates lymphocytes, predominantly T cells. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 237–239, February, 1997     

Ultrastructure of blood and lymph bronchial capillaries in inflammation and endobronchial laser therapy

Structural alterations occurring in blood and lymph microcapillaries during inflammation of the mucous membrane of large bronchi and morphogenic effects of endobronchial laser therapy are described. The data are interpreted in terms of epitheliostromal correlations. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 222–228, February, 1997     

A New Method for Evaluation of Radioactive Label Transport Intensity in the Predominant Direction between Blood and Liver

The intensity of 75Se transport in the predominant direction after intraperitoneal injection of [⁷⁵Se]selenate was compared in 1- and 3-month-old rats receiving common vivarium ration or sucrose diet. The incorporation percent, blood/liver relative radioactivity, and relative radioactivity difference coefficient were evaluated in the blood and liver. The dynamics of label incorporation in the blood of rats fed common diets has two peaks (at 1–3 h and 12–24 h) and a drop at 6 h. Coefficient of difference in 1-month-old rats was characterized by a greater amplitude of fluctuations than in 3-month-old animals. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 140, No. 7, pp. 117–120, July, 2005     

Cytokeratin 19 mRNA concentration in lymph nodes as a diagnostic marker of metastases

Comparison of the sensitivity of cytological and molecular genetic methods (19 specimens of lymph nodes from 8 patients with breast cancer and suspected metastases obtained by transcutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance) showed that molecular genetic and cytological studies produced true results in 95 and 84% specimens, respectively. True-positive and true-negative results were obtained in 8 and 7 patients, respectively. Expression of cytokeratin 19 was detected in 3 specimens with negative cytological results and confirmed metastases in lymph nodes. Our results indicate that molecular genetic diagnostic study for lymph node metastases should be used in small amounts of biopsy specimens, presence of marginal metastases in lymph nodes, and negative results of repeated cytological examination. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 1, pp. 97–99, January, 2008     

A method for evaluating the fluctuations in the intensity of substance transport between blood and bones in the predominant direction

The dynamics of fluctuations in the intensity of the blood-bone flow of substances in the predominant and opposite directions was evaluated using the percent radioactivity difference coefficient and its graphic presentation. The technology of calculating this coefficient is described. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 11, pp. 585–590, November, 2006     

Hemolymphomicrocirculatory bed of the pancreas during acute experimental pancreatitis

Histochemical study of rat pancreas was carried out on days 14 and 30 of acute pancreatitis. The area of the stroma increased after damage and the area of lymph microcirculatory component increased in comparison with the blood circulation component. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 4, pp. 478–480, April, 2006     

Distribution of ethomerzol in organ and tissue of rats after single and course treatment

We studied experimental kinetics of ethomerzol (5-ethoxy-2ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrochloride) distribution in the liver, brain, kidneys, spleen, heart, skeletal muscles, lungs, adipose tissue, and testes of rats after its single or course administration. Peculiarities of ethomerzol distribution in various administration regimens were analyzed. Single treatment led to more pronounced accumulation of the drug in the liver. Study of ethomerzol distribution after course treatment revealed organs and tissues accumulating the drug (blood, brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, and adipose tissue). __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 1, pp. 47–49, January, 2008     

Pro- and Antioxidants in the Central Lymph in Experimental Chronic Toxic Hepatitis

Using rat model of chronic toxic hepatitis we showed the involvement of the lymph system in the formation of the response to toxic liver damage consisting in deposition of LPO products in the central lymph and active involvement of antioxidants in their neutralization with redistribution of ceruloplasmin into lymph vessels against the background of reduced α-tocopherol content in the central lymph. Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 11, pp. 499–502, November, 2008     

Lymphotropic Effect of Mexidol in Reactive Fever

Single injection of mexidol (drug with antioxidant and membranotropic effects) to animals with reactive fever produces a multicomponent effect on the lymph circulation. The drug increased the number of functioning lymph capillaries and contractile activity of wall and valvular leaflets in rat small intestinal mesenteric lymphangion, accelerated lymph drainage, thus stimulating lymph formation and lymph flow. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 140, No. 10, pp. 433–435, October, 2005     

Peptide correction of disorders in rat mesenteric microcirculatory system during inflammation

PGP peptide had a protective effect in contractile dysfunction of the rat mesenteric lymph vessels under conditions of inflammation, irrespective of the time of its injection (before or after inflammatory agent). The preventive effect of this peptide is largely determined by its capacity to prevent mast cells activation. PGP injected 2 h after induction of inflammation did not inhibit secretory activity of mast cells, which suggests other mechanisms of its therapeutic action. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 7, pp. 32–35, July, 2007     

In vivo measurement of velocity profiles in arterioles

Measurements of velocity profiles in arterial microvessels (20–103 μ in diameter) of rat mesentery and m. creamaster showed that bloodflow regimen under natural conditions can be similar to that of Newton fluid or pseudoplastic laminar stream, which indicates significant fluctuations in blood viscosity. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 12, pp. 707–709, December, 2006     

Dependence of blood pressure changes in cats during acute hypoxic hypoxia on the type of carotid sinus reflex

The type and degree of blood pressure changes in cats were studied in acute experiments under conditions of acute hypoxic hypoxia (40% decrease in oxygen partial pressure). During hypoxia, blood pressure increased in cats with pressor type of the carotid sinus reflex and decreased in animals with depressor type of this reflex. Our results indicate that the direction and degree of hypoxic changes in blood pressure in animals coincide with variations in this parameter in response to the carotid sinus reflex. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 11, pp. 490–493, November, 2006     

Change in Lymph Flow during Low-Grade Fever and Febrile Fever under Experimental Conditions

Experiments on rats showed that low-grade fever is accompanied by a decrease in the central lymph flow rate, which results from inactivation of lymphangion components in lymphatic microvessels of the small intestine mesentery. Lymph flow rate was shown to increase during pyrogenal-induced fever, which did not depend on the duration of the disease. Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 147, No. 3, pp. 276–278, March, 2009     

Ratio between the contents of 11-dehydrocorticosterone and corticosterone after acute and repeated stress: Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

Acute stress was accompanied by reduction of 11-dehydrocorticosterone to corticosterone in male rats. The reverse reaction predominated during repeated stress and increased after administration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Treatment with μ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg 20 min before administration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate abolished this effect. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 8, pp. 158–161, August, 2004     

Cell microvesicles during experimental endotoxemia

The dynamics of microvesicle formation in arterial blood in generalized Schwartzman phenomenon was studied. Successive (with 24-h interval) intravenous injections of endotoxin to rabbits in a dose of 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg caused an increase in the content of microvesicles in the blood, some of them containing ecto-5′-nucleotidase. Biphasic changes in arterial blood clotting time and erythrocyte hemolysis were observed. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 11, pp. 517–520, November, 2006     

Reactivity of alveolar macrophages during granulomatous inflammation of the lungs under conditions of acute massive blood loss

Reactivity of mouse alveolar macrophages by their ability to phagocytize killedSt. aureus bacteria and production of reactive oxygen metabolites (nitro blue tetrazolium test) in response to zymosan administration was studied under normal conditions and after acute massive blood loss. Zymosan-induced granulomatous inflammation of the lungs during acute massive blood loss 2-fold inhibited the increase in oxidative metabolism of alveolar macrophages. Suppressed production of toxic oxygen radicals in alveolar macrophages was accompanied by accelerated recovery of cells on the surface of the respiratory tract. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 9, pp. 257–260, September, 2004     

Correction of cerebral ischemia in low-resistant animals with an antistress drug Deltaran

Deltaran decreased the amplitude of EEG slow waves and restored neuronal reactivity after carotid artery occlusion in Wistar rats sensitive to cerebral ischemia. Deltaran had no effect on local cerebral blood flow. This drug increased blood supply to a unit of neuronal activity in the brain of intact animals during the acute stage of cerebral ischemia, provided 100% survival rate of rats with cerebral ischemia, and prevented the development of neurological symptoms in survivors. Animal experiments proved the possibility of correcting cerebral ischemia with antistress drug Deltaran. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 3, pp. 259–262, March, 2006     

Comparative Experimental Pharmacokinetics of Benzimidazole Derivatives

Comparative study of experimental kinetics of distribution of benzimidazole derivatives (bemithyl, etomerzole, and thietazole) in organs and tissues was carried out after single and course treatment. The drugs intensely passed into organs and tissues from the blood after treatment by all protocols. Specific features of drug distribution were detected; for example, splenic tissue selectively accumulated thietazole during course treatment. Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 12, pp. 657–659, December, 2008