临床人体铜代谢异常

多数人群不存在明显的铜乏。然而一系列病例显示：在某种情况下，存在铜缺乏或过多倾向。由于铜摄入不足，早产，吸收不良，丢失过多引起获得性铜缺乏。     

铜代谢研究现状

本文简要回顾了关于铜的吸收、转运、透膜、细胞内分布、体内平衡、主要生理功能、遗传缺陷及种属差异等方面的研究现状，强调了铜与免疫、肿瘤、冠心病的关系，认为对铜的基因调控机制应予深入研究。     

铜代谢异常害得家破人亡

俗话说“福不双至,祸不单行”。可是,李某无论如何也没想到灾祸接二连三地降临到这个原本平安快乐的家庭。李某家在农村,虽然不算富裕,但三个欢蹦乱跳的     

锌铜与动脉粥样硬化

锌铜与动脉粥样硬化潘 ，李思汉审校山西医学院预防医学系营养与食品卫生研究室（太原００３０００１）冠心病严重威胁人类健康。近２０年来，我国冠心病死亡率呈上升趋势￣［１］。其发病因素很多，其中较为公认的是“膳食中脂肪的质与量”，然而它与流行病学调查结果也...     

休说"终身服药"、"终生疾病"

患了高血压，医生往往嘱咐病人需要终身服药。但现实中少数病人只是断断续续地服药，当有头痛等症状时才服药，致使高血压逐渐发展。病情加重后，医生告诫患者需“终身服药”。因而“终身需服降压药”成为常识，这一思想统治和禁锢着患者。患者认为自己已到晚年，医院和专家都是让服这些药，终身服药就是不可怀疑的，只有老老实实地服下去。     

铜与疾病

铜是某些疾病的病因。新的进展包括降铜疗法用于抗血管生成、抗纤维化和抗炎症,铜在阿尔茨海默病淀粉样斑形成中的作用,铜螯合作用成功治疗啮齿动物阿尔茨海默病模型,遗传性和非遗传性铜异常。     

2型糖尿病患者踝臂指数与冠脉病变的相关研究

目的研究2型糖尿病患者踝臂指数与冠脉病变的关系。方法选择本院确诊2型糖尿病患者152例,依冠脉造影结果按有无冠心病分为观察组（合并冠心病者,104例）与对照组（无冠心病者,48例）。另将观察组依冠脉病变程度分为单支病变组、双支病变组、严重病变组。测定各组患者血糖、血脂、肝肾功能及踝臂指数（ABI）的情况,并进行分析。结果观察组与对照组血糖、血脂及一般情况资料比较差异无明显统计学意义（P〉0．05）。观察组ABI值（0．83±0．12）显著低于与对照组（1．03±0．19）（P〈0．01）。其中,冠脉严重病变组ABI显著低于单支病变及双支病变组（P〈0．01）,而后两组ABI比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论ABI测定对2型糖尿病患者冠脉病变及其严重程度有一定的相关性和预测价值,为临床工作中对2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化性疾病的早期发现提供一个无创、价廉、简单、可重复的有效手段,值得进一步推广。     

锌、铜对大鼠血脂水平影响的研究

用雄性断乳ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠研究了不同水平锌、铜对大鼠血脂水平的影响。结果显示：绝对或相对铜缺乏均引起血清胆固醇、甘油三酯浓度升高；而绝对或相对锌缺乏则主要引起高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）和ＨＤＬ＿２－Ｃ浓度下降。相关分析表明：血清锌与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ＿２－Ｃ呈明显正相关；血清铜与血清胆固醇、甘油三酯呈显著负相关。病理检查显示：除对照组外，其它各组主动脉组织形态均发生不同程度的病理改变，尤以高锌低铜、高铜低锌及低锌低铜组为著。提示在保持适宜铜水平的前提下，补充适量的锌以提高血清ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平，可预防或延缓高脂血症的发生。     

有氧运动对大鼠高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化相关生化指标的影响

目的探索有氧运动对大鼠高脂血症及早期动脉粥样硬化(AS)的干预作用,以期对心脑血管疾病的防治有所帮助。方法健康雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分成空白对照组、模型对照组、45 min运动组、90 min运动组。按实验方案建模、运动后,分别测试各组的血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C;Ox-LDL、MDA、SOD;NO、e NOS。结果运动组各项指标优于模型对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且90 min运动组各项指标均优于45 min运动组,HDL-C、NO、e NOS差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其他指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论有氧运动可改善高脂血症大鼠血脂成分、抗氧化能力及内皮分泌功能,90 min运动组改善效果优于45 min运动组。     

铜与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

心血管疾病（CVD）已成为我国城市居民的主要死因之一,研究发现机体铜缺乏或铜过量与CVD的发生和发展相关。铜作为酶的激活剂或抑制剂调节人体代谢,尤其是在与CVD有关的代谢过程中发挥着重要作用。本文就铜与CVD的关系进行综述。     

An Emerging Role of Defective Copper Metabolism in Heart Disease

Copper is an essential trace metal element that significantly affects human physiology and pathology by regulating various important biological processes, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, iron mobilization, connective tissue crosslinking, antioxidant defense, melanin synthesis, blood clotting, and neuron peptide maturation. Increasing lines of evidence obtained from studies of cell culture, animals, and human genetics have demonstrated that dysregulation of copper metabolism causes heart disease, which is the leading cause of mortality in the US. Defects of copper homeostasis caused by perturbed regulation of copper chaperones or copper transporters or by copper deficiency resulted in various types of heart disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus cardiomyopathy. This review aims to provide a timely summary of the effects of defective copper homeostasis on heart disease and discuss potential underlying molecular mechanisms.     

上海市嘉定区居民甲状腺疾病与心血管疾病及相关危险因素的相关性研究

目的 探讨甲状腺疾病与心血管疾病及相关危险因素的相关性.方法 利用上海市公共卫生与预防医学"高峰计划"学科建设中健康人群队列项目数据,采用问卷调查和生化指标了解人群的基本情况、慢性病病史及相关生化指标分布.结果 本次共调查10 051人,892人(8.87％)患有甲状腺疾病,女性患病率(12.18％)高于男性(3.91...     

Daily Intake and Serum Levels of Copper,Selenium and Zinc According to Glucose Metabolism: Cross-Sectional and Comparative Study

Trace elements play an important role in metabolism. We compared the daily intake and serum concentrations of copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) across a spectrum of glucose tolerance status in a representative U.S. population. Daily intake and serum concentrations of Cu, Zn and Se in 5087 adults from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined and compared to normal (NGT) and abnormal (AGT) glucose tolerance and the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Other than Zn deficiency (21.15%), the prevalence of Zn, Se, and Cu excess and Se and Cu deficiency were low (<4.00%). As compared to the NGT group, Cu and Se supplementation was higher in the AGT and DM groups (p < 0.0001 for all). Serum Se and Zn, but not Cu, concentrations were highly correlated with daily intake (p < 0.0001 for both). As compared to the NGT group, serum Cu concentration was highest in the AGT group (p = 0.03), serum Se concentration was highest in the DM group (p < 0.0001), and serum Zn concentration was highest in the AGT group (p < 0.0001). Serum Se and Zn concentration was correlated with daily Se and Zn intake. Even within the reference range for serum Cu, Se, and Zn concentrations, a higher serum concentration of Cu, Se, and Zn was associated with abnormal glucose metabolism. Although the casual relationship remains to be elucidated, these data suggest caution in Cu, Se and Zn supplementation in non-deficient individuals.     

Lower femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly women not on statins

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and osteoporosis, the two most frequently occurring chronic diseases of aging populations, share many risk factors including lack of estrogen, smoking, and low physical activity. CAD and low bone mineral density (BMD) are strongly associated. Statins, (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A [HMG-CoA] reductase inhibitors), are used to prevent and treat CAD and have been associated with high BMD. This cross-sectional study examined associations of BMD with statin use and nonuse in elderly women with or without CAD. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted on 185 women aged ≥60 years who were referred between October 2010 and March 2015 to a geriatric osteoporosis clinic in Houston, Texas, for compromised skeletal health. Compared to the control group (without CAD and without statin use), patients with CAD and no statin use were more likely to have lower femoral neck BMD (β: ?0.46, 95% confidence interval: ?0.75 to ?0.18). The BMD of patients taking statins, regardless of presence of CAD, was similar to that of the control group. Statins may be protective in preventing bone loss in elderly women suffering from CAD. Prospective trials are warranted to determine if continued use of statins in them would help prevent both CAD and bone loss.     

Incretin Hormones in Obesity and Related Cardiometabolic Disorders: The Clinical Perspective

The prevalence of obesity continues to grow rapidly worldwide, posing many public health challenges of the 21st century. Obese subjects are at major risk for serious diet-related noncommunicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying obesity pathogenesis is needed for the development of effective treatment strategies. Dysregulation of incretin secretion and actions has been observed in obesity and related metabolic disorders; therefore, incretin-based therapies have been developed to provide new therapeutic options. Incretin mimetics present glucose-lowering properties, together with a reduction of appetite and food intake, resulting in weight loss. In this review, we describe the physiology of two known incretins—glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and their role in obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders. We also focus on the available and incoming incretin-based medications that can be used in the treatment of the above-mentioned conditions.     

细胞内铜转运系统的研究进展(综述)

铜是人体必需的营养元素,参与体内许多重要的生化反应。细胞内多种铜转运蛋白和伴侣蛋白参与了铜离子的吸收、转运和清除,形成了一个复杂的铜转运系统。铜转运系统中的铜转运蛋白和/或伴侣蛋白功能异常与多种疾病的发生、发展关系密切。近年来,铜代谢障碍相关疾病越来越受到人们的重视,对铜转运系统相关蛋白的研究也不断深入。     

平板运动试验对冠心病的诊断价值

目的:评估平板运动试验对心肌缺血诊断的价值和意义.方法:对48例查的患者进行观察和分析,将平板运动试验阳性者28例、阴性者20例与各自的冠状动脉造影结果对比.结果:平板运动试验检测心肌缺血的灵敏性为89.3%,特异性95%,ST段的下移形态、程度及导联数是评估的重要指标.结论:平板运动试验对缺血性心脏病的诊断具有肯定价值,并有利于对冠心病危险分层、选择治疗及评估预后.