鱼油抗大鼠实验性心律失常作用

鱼油口服给药1.4 ml/kg·d,连续15d能显著升高氯化钡致大鼠心律失常的阈剂量(P<0.05),降低心律失常的严重程度(P<0.05),60 min内窦性心率恢复率为85.7％(P<0.01),死亡率为0。心肌细胞膜脂肪酸分析显示,鱼油影响大鼠心肌细胞膜脂肪酸组成,升高DHA含量(P<0.05),降低AA含量及AA/DHA比值(P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析表明,鱼油的抗心律失常作用与其升高心肌细胞膜DHA含量有关,相关系数为r=-0.5872(P<0.01)。     

深海鱼油中EPA和DHA的富集方法研究进展

深海鱼油中的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)是人体必需的脂肪酸,具有重要的药用价值.文章以大量的国内外文献为依据,对深海鱼油的主要富集方法,包括低温溶剂结晶法,硝酸银络合法,超临界萃取法,色谱分离法,脂肪酶酶催化法,尿素包合法和分子蒸馏法等进行了概括和总结.     

综合法提取鱼油中多烯脂肪酸的研究

目的 用综合法提取鱼油中多烯脂肪酸,方法 盐析法,低温冷冻法,尿素包合法等方法的综合应用,结果 用综合法提取出来的多烯脂肪酸各项指标符合标准,EPA、DHA含量高,工业上有推广前景,结论 提出五条不同档次的推荐工艺,适应我国水产业的现状。     

鱼油中EPA和DHA对麻醉大鼠左室功能的影响

观察了鱼油对麻醉大鼠基础左室功能和异丙肾上腺素（ＩＳＯ）诱导的左室功能改变的影响，实验结果表明，鱼油（ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ，７０％，１．４ｍＬ／ｋｇ）摄入２ｗ对大鼠基础心功能无显著影响，但可显著地抑制ＩＳＯ（１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）诱导的正性肌力和正性频率作用，对ＩＳＯ诱导的心室前负荷的改变地无显著影响，结果提示，ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ的摄和诃能影响大鼠心肌细胞膜上β－     

氯丁二烯对大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化的影响

氯丁二烯(CBD)对机体有较广泛的毒作用,尤以肝脏损害为突出。国外报道,禁食大鼠暴露于0.81～1.08mg/LCBD4小时造成肝损害,当浓度达到2mg/L时,可引起大鼠死亡。Plugge(1979)给大鼠吸入100至300ppmCBD4小时,24小时后处死,观察到染毒后的大鼠肝重增加、血清SDH含量增高等一系列变化。CBD还引起血液及肝组     

气相色谱法测定鱼油多烯乙酯的含量

目的用气相色谱法测定鱼油多烯乙酯中二十碳五烯酸乙酯 (EPA E)和二十二碳六烯酸乙酯 (DHA E)的含量。方法采用气相色谱法 ,聚二乙二醇酯为固定相 ,涂布浓度为 10 % ,载体为ChromosorbWAWDMCS 80～ 10 0目的气相柱。结果EPA E平均回收率为 10 0 .31% ,RSD为 2 .5 4 % ;DHA E平均回收率为 10 3.37% ,RSD为 2 .76 %。结论此法操作简便、准确、重现性、稳定性好 ,是一种可行的含量测定方法     

氯化镍对大鼠脂质过氧化和抗氧化酶活性的影响

氯化镍对大鼠脂质过氧化和抗氧化酶活性的影响申东晓１苏忆兰１蒋致诚１梁洁２１．首都医科大学劳动卫生学教研室（北京１０００５４）２．钢铁研究院医务室研究表明［１］，镍及其化合物不仅对人和实验动物具有毒性作用，而且还具有致癌性，但对其确切作用机制尚不明确。...     

二硫化碳对大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化作用的影响

二硫化碳对大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化作用的影响张文昌，涂荔卿，卞永霖，王俊福建医学院劳动卫生学教研室（福州３５０００４）二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）是工业上广泛应用的有机溶剂，具有明显的心血管、肝脏、神经系统及性腺生殖毒性，但毒性机理尚不明了。Ｊａｒｖａｓｌｏ等曾对Ｃ...     

补充鱼油对部分心脏病患者有害

加拿大多伦多大学和圣迈克尔医院的科学家研究认为，补充鱼油对某些心脏病患者是有害的。以往的研究结果显示，以食用鱼肉或服用鱼油的方式补充DHA（二十二碳六烯酸）和EPA（二十碳五烯酸）可以使心血管疾病患者降低死亡、心脏病发作、严重心律不齐的风险，同时还具有延缓动脉硬化和降低血压的作用。但大剂量服用鱼油对人体也有危害，尤其会增加出血的风险。最近的分析数据表明，有些人应当小心服用鱼油，这些人包括患有稳定性心绞痛的男性，     

鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸的分离纯化及有关成分分析

用水提取鱼油,其鱼水比例为1:1.5时出油量较多.且对鲐鱼、小黄花鱼、(鱼是)鱼、(鱼毛)口鱼等4种鱼进行了比较,其中(鱼毛)口鱼出油量较高;并分析了鲐鱼油碘价为111.17,酸价为1.67;皂化价为166.01;水分为3.32％;灰分为0.04％;鲐鱼中的粗油含二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）25.5％,二十碳五烯酸（EPA）7.8％,鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的收率为38.47％。     

鱼油（EPA和DHA）对麻醉大鼠左室功能的影响

本文观察了鱼油对麻醉大鼠基础左室功能和异丙肾上腺素（ISO）诱导的左室功能改变的影响。实验结果表明，鱼油（EPA和DHA，70％，1.4ml/kg）摄入两周对大鼠基础心功能无显著影响，但可显著地抑制ISO（0.4μg/kg,4.0μg/kg，40μg/kg）诱导的正性肌力和正性频率作用，对ISO诱导的心室前负荷的改变却无显著影响，结果提示鱼油的摄入可能影响大鼠心肌细胞膜上β－受体的功能。     

Early modifications of fatty acid composition in plasma phospholipids,platelets and mononucleates of healthy volunteers after low doses of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Objectives Although previous data suggested that only doses of 4 g/day or higher of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have had a beneficial effect in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, the GISSI-Prevenzione Study in a 3-year trial showed that 1 g/day reduced total and cardiovascular mortality in over 11,000 post-infarction patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course and the extent of incorporation of n-3 fatty acids in plasma and blood cells after 1 g/day of n-3 PUFA, the dose effective in the GISSI-Prevenzione in comparison with higher doses.Methods Thirty-six healthy volunteers were given 1, 2 and 4 g/day of n-3 PUFA ethyl esters for 12 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout. Blood was collected at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 and used for lipid profile analysis and measurement of fatty acid composition in plasma phospholipids, platelets and mononucleates.Results Total n-3 PUFA increased by 2.0-, 2.2- and 2.9-fold versus baseline after 12-week treatment with 1, 2 and 4 g respectively. A statistically significant raise of total n-3 PUFA was seen in platelets and mononucleates. Among individual n-3 PUFA, 22:5 n-3 was enriched early and dose dependently in plasma phospholipids, platelets and mononucleates; the raise of 22:6 n-3 was less marked especially in platelets and mononucleates.Conclusions One gram per day of n-3 PUFA induces fast (within 1 week) and striking changes in blood composition of PUFA that may well explain their beneficial effects against cardiovascular diseases.Delia Di Stasi and Roberto Bernasconi contributed equally to this work.     

鱼油对大鼠心肌细胞膜上β—受体和腺苷酸环化酶活性的影响

本文探讨了鱼油对大鼠心肌细胞膜上β－受体和腺苷酸环化酶（AC）活性的影响。鱼油1.4ml/kg每天灌胃两周对大鼠心肌细胞膜上腺苷酸环化酶（AC）的基础活性无显著影响，但可显著地抑制导丙肾上腺素（ISO）激活的AC活性，放射配体饱和实验结果显示，同正常对照相比，鱼油的摄入对Bmax和Kd无显著影响，但同羊油组相比，可显著地降低β－受体与其配体的亲和力，同正常对照相比，羊油的摄入一方面可显著地升高β－受体与其配体的亲和力，另一方面又可显著地降低β－受体的数目。结果提示，鱼油可能主要影响AC的激活而不是主要影响β－受体本身的功能。     

Sensitivity of fetus and pups to excess levels of maternal intakes of alpha linolenic acid at marginal protein levels in Wistar rats

There is growing interest in the role omega 3 fatty acids (n3), in promoting fetal growth. Present study examined whether alpha linolenic acid, primary vegetarian dietary omega 3 fatty acid source and precursor to cellular membrane phospholipid eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, can improve birth outcome. Pregnant dams from three groups (seven in each) were fed: control diet (18% protein with 7% soybean oil, normal alpha linolenic acid), or two treatment diets at marginal protein level of 12%; one with 7% soybean oil (Treatment I, normal alpha linolenic acid), and other with 3% flax oil and 4% soybean oil (Treatment II, four times normal alpha linolenic acid) during gestation. There was a reduction in litter size and litter weight (p < 0.05) at birth in the Treatment II group as compared to the Control group. Alpha linolenic acid (p < 0.05), eicosapentaenoic acid (p < 0.05) levels increased while arachidonic acid levels (p < 0.05) reduced in gastric milk at birth and blood at end of lactation in Treatment II as compared to Treatment I group. Brain fatty acid levels showed reduction (p < 0.05) only in docosahexaenoic acid levels in dams from Treatment I and Treatment II, at the end of lactation. Results suggest sensitivity of fetus and pups for excess levels of alpha linolenic acid ’in a diet at marginal protein level’.     

蒙药地格达-4对CCl_4致大鼠肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的:研究蒙药地格达-4对四氯化碳(CCl4)致大鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法:SD大鼠按3mL·kg-1腹部皮下注射40%CCl4橄榄油溶液,每周2次,持续1月复制肝损伤模型。实验分为6组,即空白对照、模型、联苯双酯(0.075g·kg-1)和地格达-4高、中、低剂量(1.5、0.75、0.38g·kg-1)组。给药40d后测定血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)的活性,总胆红素(TBIL)的含量,肝脏指数及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、人谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,丙二醛(MDA)的含量,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC);并对肝组织做病理学检测。结果:地格达-4能显著降低血清中AST、ALT活性及肝脏指数(P<0.05),降低TBIL、ALP、GGT含量;升高肝组织中SOD活性,降低MDA含量和CAT、GSH-PX、T-AOC活性;减轻肝组织变性、坏死等病理改变。结论:地格达-4对CCl4所致大鼠肝损伤具有保肝作用,作用机制可能与其抗脂质过氧化作用相关。     

交酯化法制备鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸乙酯的研究

采用正交实验设计法，对交酯化法制备鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸乙酯的工艺条件进行研究，优选出提高乙酯转化率的最佳条件。鱼油：无水乙醇：Cat．1＝1：0．86：0．029。采用滴加乙醇－Cat．1溶液方式．在50℃反应3h，交酯化反应可较方便地制备鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸乙酯。重复3次实验，转化率均大于93％，稳定性良好。     

康复新栓对慢性阴道炎大鼠血清MDA、SOD及组织PGE2的影响

目的探讨康复新栓对慢性阴道炎大鼠血清中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)及阴道组织中前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)含量的影响。方法以大肠埃希菌、白色假丝酵母菌、金黄色葡萄球菌混合菌液和8%苯酚胶液交叉感染建立大鼠阴道炎模型。经阴道给予空白栓,双唑泰栓(37.84 mg·kg^-1),高剂量(80mg·kg^-1)、低剂量(40mg·kg^-1)康复新栓治疗。通过酶联免疫法检测大鼠血清中MDA、SOD和阴道组织PGE2含量,通过病理组织学评分判断其阴道炎程度。结果与正常对照组比较,模型对照组大鼠血清中MDA和阴道组织匀浆中PGE2含量显著升高(P<0.01),SOD活力显著降低(P<0.01);大鼠阴道病理组织学评分显著增高(P<0.01),说明大鼠阴道炎模型造模成功。与模型对照组比较,双唑泰栓组、康复新栓高、低剂量组血清SOD活性显著升高(P<0.01),MDA及PGE2含量显著降低(P<0.01);大鼠阴道病理组织学评分显著降低(P<0.01)。结论康复新栓能有效治疗大鼠的慢性阴道炎,可能与降低大鼠血清中MDA的表达及提高阴道组织中SOD的活性,改善阴道组织病变程度有关。     

Relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of two oral formulations of docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid after multiple-dose administration in healthy volunteers

Objectives  To assess the comparative pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) after multiple-dose administration of a new oral formulation (test formulation) and a commercially available reference formulation in healthy subjects. Methods  Forty-eight healthy subjects received a 28-day oral treatment with DHA/EPA in the form of either the test or the reference product according to an open-label, randomized, parallel-group design. Both formulations were given t.i.d. at 8-h intervals at a dose of 3.0 g/day. Steady-state DHA and EPA concentrations in plasma and lysed whole blood were measured by gas-liquid chromatography at baseline and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of treatment. Kinetic parameters were compared both after subtraction of baseline concentrations and by using baseline concentrations as a covariate. Results  For both DHA and EPA, plasma and RBC concentrations measured from day 7 to day 28 were significantly higher than at baseline and did not differ significantly between the two products. On day 28 the plasma DHA concentration on average doubled the baseline level after administration of test and reference product, while there was a 10-fold increase in EPA plasma concentration. When the assessment was performed using baseline values as covariate, test-to-reference ratios for area under the curve (AUCss_0–8) and for peak concentration (Css_max) after the last administration on day 28 met bioequivalence criteria (i.e., 90% confidence intervals within 0.80–1.25 for AUCss_0–8 ratios, and within 0.75–1.33 for Css_max ratios). When the assessment was conducted after subtraction of baseline values, the 90% confidence intervals for Css_max ratios were within the bioequivalence range, whereas the intervals for AUCss_0–8 ratio were borderline for bioequivalence. Conclusion  The two formulations tested were similarly effective in increasing DHA and EPA concentrations in plasma and lysed whole blood, and showed comparable bioavailability for both active components.