维药恰麻古儿化学成分预实验

通过预试验,初步探索维药恰麻古儿的化学成分。提示维药恰麻古儿中含有皂苷、黄酮类、糖类及其苷、生物碱类、内酯结构、挥发油、酚类、鞣质、氨基酸、蛋白质、可能含有机酸等化学成分。为维药恰麻古儿的生物活性成分的研究提供了实验基础。     

白花鬼针草化学成分预实验

目的：采用系统预试法初步探索白花鬼针草全草的化学成分。方法：采用试管法和纸反应法,对白花鬼针草全草的水、95%乙醇、石油醚提取物进行初步研究。结果：白花鬼针草全草中可能含有黄酮类、蒽醌类、酚类、三萜类、生物碱类和挥发油等化学成分。结论：初步推断白花鬼针草全草含有多种有效成分,为白花鬼针草全草的进一步开发利用提供了实验基础。     

细锥香茶菜化学成分的预实验

目的采用系统预实验对细锥香茶菜叶的可能含有化学成分进行研究。方法通过试管反应法对细锥香茶菜叶的石油醚,醇和水提取物进行沉淀或颜色反应,研究细锥香茶菜叶中可能含有的化学成分。结果揭示细锥香茶菜叶中所含成分有有机酸、植物甾醇类、三萜、黄酮类、蒽醌类、酚类、香豆素与内脂等。结论初步明确细锥香茶菜中可能含有的有效成分,为细锥香茶菜进一步开发利用提供理论基础。     

白鹤藤的化学成分预试验

目的 采用系统预试法对白鹤藤可能的化学成分进行预试验,初步探索白鹤藤的化学成分。方法 采用试管法和滤纸法,对白鹤藤石油醚、95%乙醇、水提取物进行研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的显色反应或沉淀反应,推断白鹤藤中可能含有的化学成分。结果 白鹤藤可能含有油脂类、萜类、甾体、酚类、有机酸、黄酮类、三萜类、蒽醌、内酯、香豆素、强心苷类、生物碱类、鞣质、糖类、多糖、苷类和皂苷类成分。结论 初步确定白鹤藤含有多种化学成分,为白鹤藤的化学成分分离及进一步开发利用提供了参考。     

大叶黄杨茎皮中化学成分的定性分析

目的对大叶黄杨茎皮中的化学成分进行定性研究。方法采用水提取法、醇提取法和石油醚法提取大叶黄杨茎皮,并对其化学成分进行全面的定性分析。结果及结论大叶黄杨叶片中含有多种化学成分,包括氨基酸、蛋白质、糖类、酚类、有机酸、黄酮、生物碱、强心苷、蒽醌类、内酯、香豆素等。     

侗药马卡列丙化学成分预试验及总多糖含量测定

目的探讨侗药马卡列丙可能含有的化学成分,并测定马卡列丙中总多糖的含量。方法采用系统预试验法对马卡列丙的水、乙醇和石油醚提取液进行化学成分研究;采用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定其总多糖含量。结果马卡列丙可能含有还原糖、有机酸、酚类、鞣质、香豆素、内酯类、生物碱、甾体和三萜类等化学成分,马卡列丙总多糖的质量分数为32.71%。结论初步确定了马卡列丙中所含化学成分类别,可为进一步开发利用提供试验依据。     

琼榄不同部位化学成分预试验及总黄酮含量测定

目的:研究南药琼榄根、茎、叶、果壳不同部位所含的化学成分,并测定琼榄各部位中总黄酮的含量。方法:采用系统预试验法对琼榄各部位的水、95%乙醇、石油醚提取液进行化学成分研究;以芦丁为对照品,采用NaNO2-A(lNO3)3-NaOH比色法测定琼榄不同部位中总黄酮的含量。结果:琼榄根、茎、叶、果壳中均含有糖及多糖类、氨基酸、多肽及蛋白质、黄酮、甾体及三萜类、生物碱、香豆素及内酯、挥发油等成分;均可能含有有机酸。此外,其根、叶中含有酚类、蒽醌、强心苷,茎、果壳中可能含有酚类、蒽醌、强心苷;各部位均不含皂苷。琼榄根、茎、叶、果壳中总黄酮的质量分数分别为0.028%、0.017%、0.033%、0.012%,以叶中总黄酮质量分数最高。结论:本试验初步确定了琼榄各部位的化学成分类型并测定了总黄酮的含量,可为进一步研究琼榄提供依据。     

虎尾轮根化学成分预试验

目的：测定虎尾轮根中主要化学成分。方法：采用中药化学成分系统预试验等方法,对虎尾轮根的水提取液、乙醇提取液及石油醚提取液进行分析研究,通过沉淀反应、颜色反应及薄层色谱法进行分析鉴别。结果：虎尾轮根含有黄酮类、多糖类、氨基酸类、酚类、有机酸以及甾体皂苷等成分。结论：通过对虎尾轮根化学成分分析,将为进一步确定其活性部位,开发利用虎尾轮草提供实验依据。     

万寿菊全株化学成分预试

目的：探讨万寿菊花、茎叶、根中的化学成分。方法：采用试管法、薄层色谱法分别对万寿菊的花、茎叶、根的石油醚、95％乙醇、水提取液进行成分研究。结果：万寿菊花中舍有多糖、黄酮、蒽醌、氨基酸、挥发油、生物碱。万寿菊茎叶中含有多糖、黄酮、香豆素、皂苷、生物碱。万寿菊根中含有多糖、黄酮、香豆素、皂苷。结论：万寿菊全株中含有丰富的天然有效成分,具有开发利用价值。     

小茴香挥发油化学成分的GC/MS研究

目的　用气相色谱-质谱对小茴香挥发油化学成分进行分析。方法　采用水蒸汽回流法提取挥发油,用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用程序升温方法对小茴香挥发油化学成分进行鉴定。结果　共分离出5 1个化学组分,鉴定了4 1个化学成分,占挥发油相对含量的93%以上。结论　本实验方法可靠,重现性好,易于操作。     

茴香根的生药学研究

目的：淡开发利用民族药茴香提供理论依据。方法：采用来源鉴别、性伏鉴别、显微及理化鉴别的方法。结果：证明其主要有效成分为挥发油,主要显微特征为木栓层下具有一列红棕色色素细胞层。结论：茴香根是一味具有开发前景的民族药。     

Headspace solvent microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile compounds from Foeniculum vulgare Mill

A novel and rapid headspace solvent microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSME-GC-MS) for the analysis of the volatile compounds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill is described. HSME parameters including extracting solvent, extraction temperature and time, headspace volume and particle size were optimized. As a result, benzyl alcohol was finally used for the extraction at 70 degrees C for 20 min with headspace volume of 12.1 ml and particle size of 120 mesh. Under the determined conditions, the powered samples of Foeniculum vulgare Mill were directly applied for the analysis. A comparison of HSME-GC-MS, solid phase microextraction (SPME)-GC-MS and steam distillation (SD)-GC-MS methods was made and showed that the HSME-GC-MS method was simple, inexpensive and effective and can be used for the analysis of volatile compounds in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).     

Oculohypotensive effects of foeniculum vulgare in experimental models of glaucoma

PURPOSE: Evaluation of oculohypotensive activity of single drop application of aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare in experimental models of glaucoma. METHODS: The evaluation of oculohypotensive activity of Foeniculum vulgare was done in rabbits with normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and with experimentally elevated IOP. The experimental increase in IOP was achieved using water loading and steroid induced glaucoma models. RESULTS: The aqueous seed extract of Foeniculum vulgare exhibited 17.49, 21.16 and 22.03% reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive rabbits at 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.2% (w/v) concentrations respectively. The 0.6% concentration was further evaluated in acute and chronic models of glaucoma. A maximum mean difference of 31.20% was observed between vehicle treated and extract treated eyes in water loading model while a maximum mean IOP lowering of 31.29% was observed in steroid induced model of glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: The aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare possesses significant oculohypotensive activity, which was found to be comparable to that of timolol. Further investigations into the mechanism of action, possible toxicity and human clinical trials are warranted before the Foeniculum vulgare finds place in the arsenal of antiglaucoma drugs prescribed by physicians.     

Formulation development of a cream containing fennel extract: in vivo evaluation for anti-aging effects

This study was aimed to formulate and evaluate anti-aging effects of a topical cream (w/o emulsion) containig extract of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) versus its base. Formulation containing 4% concentrated extract of Foeniculum vulgare was developed by entrapping in the inner aqueous phase of w/o emulsion and base contained no extract. Both the base and formulation were stored under different storage conditions to predict their stability. The formulation and base were evaluated for effect on skin moisture and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The base showed insignificant while the formulation showed significant effects on skin moisture and TEWL. The parameter volume and surface evaluation of living skin (SELS) parameters SEr, SEsc, SEsm, SEw were also evaluated and showed a significant (p < or = 0.05) decline. The texture parameter energy showed a significant increase proving that the formulation possesses potential anti-aging effects.     

Possible mechanism(s) for relaxant effects of Foeniculum vulgare on guinea pig tracheal chains

In a previous study the relaxant (bronchodilatory) effect of Foeniculum vulgare on isolated guinea pig tracheal chains was demonstrated. To study mechanisms responsible for this effect the present study evaluated the inhibitory effect of this plant on contracted tracheal chains of guinea pig. The relaxant effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts and an essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare were compared to negative controls (saline for aqueous extract and essential oil and ethanol for ethanol extract) and a positive control (diltiazem) using isolated tracheal chains of the guinea pig precontracted by 10 microM methacholine (group 1) and 60 mM KCl (group 2, n = 7 for each group). In the group 1, experiments diltiazem, ethanol extract, and essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare showed a significant relaxant effect on methacholine induced contraction of tracheal chains compared to those of negative controls (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In addition the effect of the ethanol extract was significantly greater than that of diltiazem (p < 0.001). However, the aqueous extract did not show any relaxant effect in group 1. In the group 2 experiments, only diltiazem showed a significant relaxant effect on KCl induced contraction of tracheal chains (p < 0.001). The relaxant effects of ethanol extracts and essential oil obtained in the group 2 experiments were significantly lower than those in group 1 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). These results confirm the bronchodilatory effects of ethanol extract and essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare. However with regard to the effect of KCl on calcium channels, the results indicated that the inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts and essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare on calcium channels is not contributing to their relaxant (bronchodilatory) effects on guinea pig tracheal chains. However the results suggest a potassium channel opening effect for this plant, which may contribute on its relaxant effect on guinea pig tracheal chains.     

用螯形主体分子的识别功能选择分离小茴香挥发油中的茴香醚

目的　用主客体分子包结法选择分离小茴香挥发油中的化学成分。方法　利用超分子化学的分子识别功能,采用螯形主体分子trans-1,2-二苯基1,2-苊二醇作为主体分子,小茴香挥发油的化学成分作为客体分子,螯形主体分子可与其中有互补性的化学成分形成包结化合物,以晶体形式析出。结果　选择性地识别小茴香挥发油中的茴香醚并形成包结物晶体,用Kugelrohr真空蒸馏技术将茴香醚从包结物晶体中分离出,产率11.2%。采用IR、粉末XRD分析方法确定了包结物的形成。采用IR ,¹HNMR和MS等分析方法,确定了被分离的化学组分的结构为反式茴香醚。结论　此法分离挥发油化学组分有选择性高、速度快、方法简单等优点。     

Antimicrobial constituents of Foeniculum vulgare

A phenyl propanoid derivative, dillapional(1) was found to be a antimicrobial principle of the stems of Foeniculum vulgare (Umbelliferae) with MIC values of 125, 250 and 125/ against Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium cladosporioides, respectively. A coumarin derivative, scopoletin(2) was also isolated as marginally antimicrobial agent along with inactive compounds, dillapiol(3), bergapten(4), imperatorin(5) and psolaren(6) from this plant. The isolates 1-6 were not active against the Escherichia coli.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Crithmum maritimum essential oils

The essential oils obtained from Crithmum maritimum L. (marine fennel) and two samples of Foeniculum vulgare Miller (common fennel) were analysed by GC and GC-MS and assayed for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The antioxidant activity of the oils was evaluated by two lipid model systems: a modified thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay and a spectrophotometric detection of hydroperoxydienes from linoleic acid in a micellar system. The oils demonstrated antioxidant capacities, comparable in some cases to that of alpha-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), used as reference antioxidants. Concerning the antimicrobial tests the essential oils were assayed against twenty-five genera of bacteria, including animal and plant pathogens, food poisoning and spoilage bacteria. Oils from the two samples of F. vulgare showed a higher and broader degree of inhibition than that of C. maritimum.     

Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seed extract on the genital organs of male and female rats

Following the oral administration of acetone extract of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) seeds for 15 days is male rats, total protein concentration was found to be significantly decreased in testes and vas deferens and increased in seminal vesicles and prostate gland. There was a decrease in activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase in all these regions, except that alkaline phosphatase was unchanged in vasa. In female rats, oral administration of the extract for 10 days led to vaginal cornification and oestrus cycle. While moderate doses caused increase in weight of mammary glands, higher doses increased the weight of oviduct, endometrium, myometrium, cervix and vagina also. The results confirm the oestrogenic activity of the seed extract.