湖北省宜昌市6～7岁儿童口腔健康行为及其影响因素

目的：研究湖北省宜昌市6—7岁1356名儿童口腔健康行为和社会行为因素之间的关系，为在学校开展口腔健康项目打下基础。方法：采用母亲问卷调查方法收集1356名儿童及其母亲的口腔健康态度、行为以及相关影响因素。结果：40％的儿童每天刷牙两次以上，78％的儿童使用氟化牙膏，大约50％的儿童在过去一年拜访过牙医。影响儿童刷牙行为的因素依次为母亲的刷牙行为、儿童的就诊行为和母亲的文化程度。儿童的就诊行为和母亲的就诊行为、母亲刷牙行为、母亲关于龋病预防的知识及母亲文化程度密切相关。结论：母亲的口腔健康行为和母亲的文化程度影响儿童的口腔健康行为，学校口腔健康教育的开展必须要有母亲的参与。     

泰州市6～7岁儿童口腔健康状况、行为及其影响因素的调查研究

目的 调查泰州市6～7岁儿童的口腔健康状况和及其影响因素。方法 随机抽取泰州市10所小学1 800名6～7岁儿童,按WHO龋病诊断标准调查儿童患龋情况。采用母亲问卷和教师问卷的调查方法收集儿童的口腔健康态度、行为以及相关影响因素。结果 泰州市1 800名6～7岁儿童乳牙患龋率为68.2%,龋均为3.54,龋面均为8.24;恒牙患龋率为5.2%,龋均为0.07,面均为0.08,33.80%的儿童每天刷牙2次以上,59.10%的儿童每天刷牙1次,4.62%的儿童很少或从不刷牙。61.28%的儿童使用含氟牙膏。大约25.32%的儿童在过去1年拜访过牙医,59.20%儿童每天吃含糖食品3次以上。结论 泰州市儿童患龋率高于全国2008年口腔流行病学调查结果。     

南宁市江南区多元普惠幼儿园5岁儿童龋病及其影响因素调查分析

目的 了解南宁市江南区多元普惠幼儿园5岁儿童的龋病及其影响因素,为多元普惠幼儿园儿童龋病防治提供依据。方法 随机抽取南宁市江南区10所多元普惠幼儿园共470名5岁儿童,进行口腔检查,并对其家长进行问卷调查。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归进行龋病相关影响因素分析。结果 南宁市江南区多元普惠幼儿园5岁儿童患龋率为78.3%,龋均为5.73±5.00。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,母亲受教育程度低的孩子患龋风险是受教育程度高的2.260倍（95%CI=1.429～3.574）;有睡前吃甜食或甜饮料行为（包含经常和偶尔）的孩子患龋风险是无该行为的1.956倍（95%CI=1.140～3.357）;有含糖类液体奶瓶入睡行为（包含经常和偶尔）的孩子患龋风险是无该行为的4.526倍（95%CI=1.898～10.793）。结论 母亲受教育程度低、睡前吃甜食或甜饮料、含糖类液体奶瓶入睡是南宁市江南区多元普惠幼儿园5岁儿童患龋的危险因素。     

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目的比较广州市城、郊幼儿患龋差异并分析影响差异的因素。方法2005年,中山大学附属口腔医院预防科采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取广州市东山区5所幼儿园和郊区从化市(县级市)7所幼儿园所有小班日托幼儿,对其口腔健康状况进行调查,共调查3~4岁幼儿729人,其中广州360人(男186人,女174人),从化369人(男212人,女157人),平均年龄3.64岁。调查内容包括龋病和釉质发育缺陷的患病状况及可见菌斑指数。并对其父母进行问卷调查,收集与患龋有关信息。结果广州市城区幼儿龋均1.01,龋患率29.4%;郊区幼儿龋均3.70,龋患率68.0%;两地龋均及患龋率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多重回归分析显示,10种因素与所调查幼儿患龋相关,其中5种因素在城郊幼儿之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),包括晚间吃甜食、3岁后使用牙膏、母亲年龄、父母口腔健康态度和家庭收入。结论影响广州市郊区幼儿患龋显著高于城区的相关因素是儿童晚间吃甜食、3岁后才开始使用牙膏、母亲年龄较轻、父母口腔健康态度不够积极和家庭收入较低。     

广州市5岁儿童乳牙龋病相关因素分析

目的调查5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况及相关影响因素,为儿童龋病预防提供资料。方法采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法抽取720名5岁儿童进行乳牙龋病检查,同时对其家长进行现场问卷调查。对调查结果先采用卡方检验行单因素分析,再行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为57.50%、2.90,男女间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。单因素分析表明家庭的孩子数、儿童进食甜食的习惯、儿童开始刷牙的年龄、每天刷牙的次数、父母是否检查孩子的刷牙效果、对含氟牙膏的知晓率、对孩子口腔健康的评价、家长的学历等相关因素都对乳牙患龋有明显影响。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析表明儿童进食糖水的频率、家长对口腔健康的评价、家长的学历是儿童乳牙患龋的危险因素。结论儿童家长应提高对口腔健康知识的知晓率,主动采取利于口腔健康的行为,以帮助儿童建立健康的口腔行为。     

南京市学龄前儿童乳牙龋病的流行病学调查及其相关因素分析

目的:调查3～6岁儿童乳牙龋病的流行情况并分析其相关因素。方法:随机抽取南京市6所幼儿园1 375名3～6岁儿童进行口腔检查,并对其父母进行问卷调查。结果:3～6岁儿童平均患龋率和龋均为50.47%和2.13,龋牙充填率为6.93%。睡前吃甜食、经常喝甜饮料、母乳喂养、最近一次看牙间隔时间以及母亲文化程度与儿童患龋有关。结论:应加强对家长及儿童口腔健康教育,做好龋病的防治工作。     

上海市1296名3~5岁儿童龋病及其相关危险因素分析

目的 了解上海市3~5岁儿童低龄儿童龋患病情况及相关危险因素,为龋病防治提供参考。方法 根据第4次全国口腔健康流行病学调查要求,采用多阶段分层、等容量随机抽样方法,抽取上海市1 296名4个区、12个幼儿园中3~5岁儿童进行龋病检查,对其家长进行口腔健康知识问卷调查。采用SPSS 21.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果 上海市3~5岁儿童的乳牙患龋率、龋均分别为58.07%、2.99,各年龄组及性别间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。龋病相关单因素分析及多因素Logistics回归分析均显示,饮用甜饮料频率高、睡前吃甜食、刷牙频率少于每天1次、开始刷牙年龄大于2岁、家长受教育程度低及口腔健康知识水平差是患龋的危险因素。结论 上海市3~5岁儿童乳牙患龋率较高,加强儿童的饮食习惯及口腔卫生行为教育,提高家长口腔健康知识水平,是防治儿童龋病的有效途径。     

幼儿龋病与相关因素调查分析

目的:了解幼儿龋病的影响因素,为开展儿童龋病的防治工作提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法选取长春地区2～6岁幼儿1200名进行龋齿筛查并对其家长进行相关因素问卷调查。结果:多因素条件Logistic回归分析,筛选出8个与儿童乳牙患龋率有关的因素,其中每日刷牙次数、餐后漱口、睡前吃零食、喜吃甜食、服用钙剂情况、家长对口腔健康的态度与幼儿龋病有高度相关(p<0.01),母亲文化程度、母乳喂养情况也有相关(p<0.05)。而出生体重、使用含氟牙膏与幼儿龋病无相关(p>0.05)。结论:影响学龄前儿童乳牙患龋的主要因素有儿童的饮食及生活习惯、家长对口腔保健的态度等。     

上海3岁儿童龋病状况的多因素方差分析

目的：了解和调查上海市3岁儿童的龋病状况及其相关影响因素。方法：对上海市452名3岁儿童进行龋病状况调查。龋病状况采用由世界卫生组织所推荐的龋失补指数（dmft）来评估。通过问卷调查来收集口腔健康相关的行为、知识和态度等信息。通过多因素方差分析得出与龋病状况相关的影响因素。结果：调查对象的患龋率为39．8％,龋均为1．63（标准差为2．80）。多因素方差分析的结果显示,郊区儿童、经常含奶瓶睡觉的儿童、每天吃甜点2次及以上的儿童和过去1年内有口腔就医行为的儿童具有较高的dmft指数（P〈0．05）。结论：3岁儿童的患龋水平较低,居住地、喂养习惯、饮食习惯和口腔就医行为是影响他们龋病状况的主要因素。     

广西5岁儿童乳牙龋病相关因素分析

目的:调查广西5岁儿童乳牙患龋情况及相关影响因素,为儿童龋病预防提供资料。方法:采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法抽取广西420名5岁儿童进行乳牙龋病检查,同时对其家长进行现场问卷调查。对调查结果采用卡方检验分析和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果:乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为80.7%、6.06,男女间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分析表明城乡差别、是否壮族、家长职业、学历、父母有无获得口腔健康知识途径、对含氟牙膏知晓率、是否检查孩子刷牙效果、儿童开始刷牙年龄、儿童喝奶习惯等相关因素都对乳牙患龋有明显影响。多因素Logistic回归分析表明壮族儿童、家长没有听说过含氟牙膏、家长不检查孩子刷牙效果是儿童乳牙患龋的危险因素。结论:广西儿童口腔健康工作的重点对象是农村、壮族儿童,通过提高儿童家长应对口腔健康知识的知晓率,主动采取利于口腔健康的行为,以帮助儿童建立健康的口腔行为。     

Oral health behaviour of children and adults in urban and rural areas of Burkina Faso, Africa

OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of dental knowledge and attitudes among 12 year-old children and 35-44 year-olds in Burkina Faso; to evaluate the pattern of oral health behaviour among these cohorts in relation to location, gender and social characteristics and; to evaluate the relative effect of social-behavioural risk factors on caries experience. DESIGN: Across sectional study including urban and rural subgroups of population. Sample and methods: Multistage cluster sampling of households in urban areas; in rural areas random samples of participants were based on the recent population census. The final study population covered two age groups: 12 years (n = 505) and 35-44 years (n = 493). RESULTS: For both children and adults, levels of oral health knowledge, attitudes and self-care were low; 36% of 12-year-olds and 57% of 35-44-year-olds carried out toothcleaning on a daily basis. Pain and discomfort from teeth were common while dental visits were infrequent. Tooth cleaning was mostly performed by use of chewsticks. Use of toothpaste was rare, particularly fluoridated toothpaste was seldom; 9% of 12-year-olds and 18% of 35-44-year-olds reported use of fluoride toothpaste. Significant differences were found in oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices according to location and gender. At age 12, important factors of high caries experience were location (urban), and consumption of soft drinks and fresh fruits. In 35-44-year-olds, gender (female), high education level, dental visit and occupation (government employee) were the significant factors of high dental caries experience whereas adults using traditional chewing sticks had lower DMFT. CONCLUSIONS: Health authorities should strengthen the implementation of oral disease prevention and health promotion programmes rather than traditional curative care. Community-oriented essential care and affordable fluoride toothpaste should be encouraged.     

Effect of an Amine Fluoride Dentifrice on Dental Caries Used in a Community-based Oral Health Education Program

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the caries-reducing effect of an amine fluoride toothpaste when used under real-life conditions in a community preventive program. Methods : Approximately 12,500 children 3–12 years of age were provided with toothpaste (four tubes or 360 grams annually during three years) to be used in kindergartens or schools and once a day at home. The teachers supervised daily toothbrushing sessions. Random samples of children in each of the ages 3, 6, 9, and 12 years were selected from the intervention and the reference communities at both the start of the study and after three years, and examined for dental caries experience. Results : Amine fluoride dentifrice seemed to provide a reduction in dental caries prevalence compatible to the most commonly used fluoride dentifrice compounds. Conclusion : The implemented fluoride toothpaste program is a feasible and practical method of improving the oral health status of children.     

Children's dental health: British expatriate residents in Tokyo, Japan

AIM: To identify in expatriate British parents resident in Tokyo, Japan, their levels of dental health knowledge, patterns of dental health behaviour, and caries status of their children compared to Japanese children. METHODS: 223 parents with children at one school were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. Data were collected on: parental knowledge and behaviours with respect to caries prevention, and sweet consumption of the children. The caries status of the children was established by a clinical examination, using standard criteria. RESULTS: The questionnaire response rate was 66.8%. The mean age of the children was 7.6 years (range 3-11 years). The responses related to 51 British, 21 Japanese, and 20 children who had British and Japanese mixed parents. 33% of British and none of Japanese children had sweet foods frequently. Fluoridated toothpaste was used by 67% of British and 10% of Japanese children. British parents knew about dental caries more than Japanese. 13% of British and 38% of Japanese children were found in the higher caries experience group. CONCLUSION: Parental access to information in the UK and to fluoridated toothpaste in Japan could have helped to prevent dental caries in these expatriate British children.     

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??Objective    To investigate the oral health status of 6??20-year old visually impaired students in Shenyang and analyze the risk factors of caries. Methods    Oral health status??oral health knowledge and related behavioral habits of 103 students were surveyed by questionaires. The risk factors of caries were analyzed through logistic regression analysis. Results    Caries prevalence rate was 78.64%??and the total mean DMFT was 2.43 ± 2.75. The rate of gingival bleeding and dental calculus was 44.66% and 67.96% respectively. Malocclusion rate was 49.51%. Female students had significantly higher dental caries experience than the male ones??P??0.05??. Logistic regression analysis indicated that caries experience was related to the education degree of their mothers and the experience of toothache. Brushing teeth properly with fluoride toothpaste could reduce the incidence of dental caries. Conclusion    Oral health of visually impaired students is poor. Oral health education and promotion measures should be emphasized among disabled students.     

多维度口腔清洁干预模式对区域学龄前儿童防龋效果的评价

目的:探讨多维度口腔清洁干预模式对区域学龄前儿童(3～6 岁)的防龋效果.方法 :于2016年10月随机抽取上海市静安区12所幼儿园600名3～4 岁儿童,分为对照组和实验组(每组6 所幼儿园300名儿童).对照组进行常规口腔保健教育,实验组采用多维度口腔清洁干预模式进行干预,随访观察2 年,比较2 组儿童的口腔清洁行...     

沈阳市部分视力残疾学生口腔健康状况及其与龋病相关影响因素分析

目的    调查沈阳市盲校学生龋病、牙周病和错牙合畸形状况,探讨残疾学生患龋相关影响因素,为口腔疾病的综合干预提供基线资料。方法    采用第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准和方法,2014年对沈阳市盲校103名6 ~ 20岁视力残疾学生进行口腔健康状况临床检查及口腔相关知识和行为习惯的问卷调查,通过logistic回归分析龋病影响因素。结果    103名视力残疾学生患龋率为78.64%,龋均为2.43 ± 2.75;牙龈出血检出率和牙石检出率分别为44.66%和67.96%;49.51%视力残疾学生存在错牙合畸形。女生患龋状况明显比男生严重（P＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,母亲学历和牙疼经历是龋病的危险因素,使用含氟牙膏刷牙是预防龋病的保护因素。结论    视力残疾学生患龋率高,牙周状况较差,错牙合畸形严重,学校应加强对残疾学生的口腔宣教,并采取干预措施预防口腔疾病的发生。     

Dental caries among 12-year-old children in northern Poland between 1987 and 2003.

AIM: In 1987, 1995 and 2003 dental surveys were carried out in the Gdansk region of Poland investigating the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sampling and examination were performed according to WHO standards. A sample of 180 children in each year were selected from different living environments: a large city, a small town and a rural area. RESULTS: The caries prevalence (ratio of caries-free children) and caries experience (mean DMFT scores) changed significantly in some groups in the period from 1987-2003. However, there was no change in caries experience in children living in a large city. The average DMFT score of all 12-year-olds dropped from 4.07 in 1987 to 3.20 in 2003. CONCLUSION: The remarkable improvement of dental health may be explained by the oral health education and increased availability of fluoridated toothpaste.     

儿童龋病与吃糖行为的关系

目的 评价儿童进食各种含糖食品行为和龋病的关系。方法 检查河北省宜昌市1356名6岁儿童患龋情况，并通过母亲问卷调查儿童进食含糖食品行为，运用Logistic回归模型评价其关系。结果 甜早点、蛋糕、饼干与儿童患龋情况关系密切，餐间吃糖＋正餐吃糖的危险度明显高于餐间吃糖或正餐吃糖。结论 饮食结构、吃糖频率与儿童制龋病有明显关系。     

Oral health status and behaviours of children in rural districts of Cambodia

OBJECTIVE: To describe the caries and periodontal status of children in rural Cambodia and to study their oral health habits. METHOD: Field examinations were conducted in Pailin, Kampong Thom and Kratie which are three rural districts in Cambodia. Children aged 6 and aged 12 were selected for report of caries status of primary and permanent teeth respectively. The periodontal status of the 12-year-old children in Kampong Thom and Kratie were assessed. A parental questionnaire survey was performed to study the children's tooth brushing habits, snacks habits and their diet. RESULTS: A total of 120 6-year-old children and 196 12-year-old children were examined. The caries experience (dmft) of the 6-year-old children was 7.9 +/- 5.6. The caries experience (DMFT) of the 12-year-old children was 1.1 +/- 1.6 and all were untreated caries (DT). None of the surveyed 12-year-old children had healthy gums and 62% had calculus. A total of 316 questionnaires were collected. The result found 44% and 22% of the 6- and 12- year-old children had never brushed. Their meals were all mainly rice, soup and congee and snacks were not common. CONCLUSION: The caries experience of the 6-year-old children was high and most of the caries was untreated. The 12-year-old children had a mean score of 1.1 DMFT in their permanent teeth. They all had bleeding gums and more than half had calculus. Their oral health habits need to improve as many children never brushed their teeth.