老年腹膜透析患者睡眠质量及生活质量的研究

目的了解老年腹膜透析患者睡眠质量,分析睡眠质量与生活质量之间的关系。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI）和简明健康调查量表（Medical Outcomes Study Health Status ShortForm,SF-36）对75例老年腹膜透析患者的睡眠质量和生活质量进行测评。结果本组患者的PSQI总分为7．89±4．36,高于正常老年组（P〈0．05）,33例（44．0％）患者睡眠质量差。睡眠质量好的患者除社会功能外SF-36各维度评分显著高于睡眠质量差者（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;生理健康、心理健康与PSQI总分呈负相关（均P〈0．01）;多元回归分析显示影响生活质量的主要影响因素有PSQI总分、主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍。结论本组老年腹膜透析患者睡眠质量较差,睡眠质量影响其生活质量,建议采用非药物干预措施改善患者的睡眠质量,以利于生活质量的提高。     

维持性腹膜透析患者生活质量的研究

目的了解维持性腹膜透析患者的生活质量及其影响因素，为提高患者生活质量提供依据。方法对31例维持性腹膜透析患者，应用生命质量量表(MOS SF-36)、自评抑郁量表(SDS)、家庭功能问卷(Family APGAR)进行测评调查。结果本组维持性腹膜透析患者生活质量的8个维度分。均显著低于一般人群，差异有显著性；生活质量影响因素主要有年龄、性别、透析年限(月)、费用来源、抑郁等。结论根据患者实际情况，采取个体化干预措施，加强患者及家属对抑郁的认知和健康宣教，提高患者生活质量。     

透析前教育对提高腹膜透析患者生活质量的影响

目的：通过对血肌酐在500-700μmol/L的慢性肾衰竭患者进行透析前教育,研究探讨透析前教育能否提高腹膜透析（PD）后患者的生活质量。方法：80例慢性肾衰竭的患者中,干预组40例和对照组40例,干预组的患者行透析前教育,对照组的患者行常规护理。应用生活质量量表、心理量表等来评估患者的生活质量等情况,所得有效数据应用SPSS13.0软件包进行处理。结果：干预组和对照组PD患者的生活质量有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：加强透析前教育可提高PD患者的生活质量。     

69例腹膜透析患者生活质量分析

目的探讨本中心腹膜透析（PeritonealDialysis,PD）对慢性肾衰竭患者生活质量的影响,并初步分析影响PD患者生活质量的因素。方法肾内科腹膜透析患者69例,运用KDQOL-SFTMl．3（包括健康调查简表MedicalOutcomesStudyHealthStatusShortForm,SF-36和Kidneydiseasetargetarea,KDTA）生活质量量表调查,根据Hays方法进行评分。结果（1）男性PD患者与女性PD患者在KDTA和SF-36总分方面有显著性差异。（2）每天透析剂量6000ml以上PD患者与每天透析剂量在6000ml以下的PD患者在KDTA和SF-36总分方面有显著性差异。（3）PD患者的生活质量与透析时间的长短明显相关。（4）40岁以下患者在KDTA和SF-36的总分方面与4（J岁以上患者无明显差异（P〉0．05）。（5）透析费用支付方式对PD患者的生活质量影响明显,医疗保险的PD患者的生活质量评分在KDTA及SF-36总分方面明显高于新农合的PD患者。结论影响PD患者生活质量的因素除医学因素外,非医学因素亦占重要地位。     

血液透析和腹膜透析患者生活质量比较

目的调查我院维持中心血液透析、腹膜透析治疗患者的生活质量，为临床合理选择治疗方案提供参考。方法对维持目前透析方式6个月以上的中心血液透析、腹膜透析患者，通过查阅病历资料、门诊随诊和问卷调查等方式，调查透析患者现阶段的生活质量（KDQOL～SF）。结果完成病例调查86例，其中血液透析36例，腹膜透析50例。两组患者在性别、年龄、文化程度、付费方式、收入、原发病、透析时间等背景上没有显著差异。腹膜透析组在总体健康、精神健康、情感职能、躯体疼痛以及肾病负担、社交质量、症状与不适、肾病影响、患者满意度等指标得分高于血液透析组。结论腹膜透析患者在生活质量的某些维度上优于血液透析患者，值得进一步推广。     

腹膜透析和血液透析对难治性心衰患者睡眠和生活质量的影响

目的探讨腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)和血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)对难治性充血性心力衰竭(refractory congestive heart failure,RCHF)患者睡眠质量和生活质量的影响。方法回顾分析2010年01月1日至2017年12月31因RCHF在南京大学医学院附属南京鼓楼医院肾脏科接受PD(31例)或HD(17例)治疗患者的临床和随访资料。收集患者透析前和6个月后临床、实验室检查资料、简明健康调查问卷(the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)数据,通过自身前后对照比较两种治疗方式对患者临床、实验室指标以及睡眠和生活质量的影响,Logistic回归分析透析方式对患者生活质量的影响。结果两组患者临床心功能分级和B型脑钠肽水平在治疗后均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.01),两种治疗方式间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);两组患者左心射血分数在治疗后均无明显改善(P>0.05)。HD患者除在催眠药和日间功能障碍外,其他5项睡眠质量指标均有显著改善(P<0.05),PD治疗患者除在催眠药外,其他6项睡眠质量指标均有显著改善(P<0.05)。两种治疗方式均显著改善患者PSQI总分值(P<0.05),两种治疗方式间比较PSQI总分值无显著差异(P>0.05)。HD对除情感职能外的其他7项生活质量指标均有显著改善作用(P<0.01);PD对全部8项生活质量指标均有显著改善(P<0.01)。治疗6个月后,除生理功能外,PD在其他生活质量指标均好于HD(P<0.05)。Logistic回归显示PD与患者更好的生理职能和情感职能相关(P<0.01)。结论PD与HD一样可改善RCHF患者近期的临床症状和睡眠质量,但PD生活质量改善上优于HD。     

长期腹膜透析患者睡眠质量调查

目的：探索长期腹膜透析患者睡眠质量与焦虑、抑郁及各临床指标间的相关性。方法：对25名终末期肾脏疾病腹膜透析患者均使用中文版匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、汉密尔顿焦虑自评量表（HAMA）进行调查。结果：资料完整的患者共21例,其中PQSI〉5的13例,睡眠质量差的发生率为61.9%;相关分析表明PSQI与焦虑、抑郁得分及年龄正相关,仅焦虑评分与PSQI存在线性回归关系。结论：终末期肾脏疾病腹膜透析患者睡眠质量与焦虑、抑郁及年龄相关,及时抗焦虑、抗抑郁治疗可能有助于改善患者的睡眠质量。     

维持性血液透析与腹膜透析患者生活质量调查

目的 评估维持性血液透析(MHD)与持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者生活质量情况,探讨MHD和CAPD患者生活质量的影响因素.方法 选取2016年7月～9月在郑州大学第一附属医院肾脏内科和血液净化中心随访的118例MHD患者和76例CAPD患者的临床和问卷调查资料.采用KDQOL-SFTM 1.3进行问卷分析,评估MHD与CAPD患者的生活质量.结果 MHD患者KDTA评分为(62.4±11.3)分,SF-36评分为(58.3±17.9)分,明显低于一般人群(P＜0.05).在各分维度评分中11个分维度评分略高于美国,6个分维度评分略高于西班牙;与国内广州调查数据相比,各维度评分均有明显改善,且与沈阳和合肥调查数据持平.CAPD患者KDTA评分为(71.4±8.9)分,SF-36评分为(61.6±16.3)分,明显低于一般人群(P＜0.05).在各分维度评分中7个分维度显著高于中国香港,其余均较中国香港偏低;与国内广州调查数据相比各维度评分均有明显改善,且与沈阳和合肥调查数据持平.MHD患者KDTA和SF-36整体评分显著低于CAPD患者(P＜0.05).在KDTA各分维度评分中,CAPD患者均高于MHD患者,且在肾脏疾病对日常生活的影响(EKD)、肾脏疾病导致的生活负担(BKD)、工作情况(WS)、认知功能(CF)、社交质量(QSI)、性功能(SexF)、社会支持(SoS)、患者满意度(PS)方面差异明显(P＜0.05);在SF-36评分中在生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、总体健康(GH)、情感状况(EWB)、情感职能(RE)各维度中,CAPD组患者均高于MHD患者且差异明显(P＜0.05).对于MHD患者,生活质量在性别、文化程度、家庭年收入、医保情况、原发病因、透析龄方面存在差异(P＜ 0.05),且在SGA评分、血白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(HB)、尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、钙磷乘积(Ca×P)方面均存在相关性(P＜0.05).透析龄、性别(女)、原发病(糖尿病肾病)、iPTH、Kt/V、SGA评分是影响MHD患者生活质量的独立危险因素;对于CAPD患者,职业状况、医保情况、原发病因、透析龄方面存在差异(P＜0.05),且在SGA评分、ALB、HB、Kt/V方面存在相关性(P＜0.05),原发病(糖尿病肾病)、Kt/V、ALB、SGA评分是影响CAPD患者生活质量的独立危险因素.结论 MHD患者和CAPD患者整体生活质量较低,与发达国家和地区存在差距;CAPD和MHD患者生活质量均受不同因素影响,其中原发病(糖尿病肾病)、Kt/V、SGA评分是共同独立影响因素.     

分阶段教育及分级随访对腹膜透析患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨分阶段教育及分级随访对腹膜透析患者生活质量的影响。方法将120例腹膜透析患者随机分为对照组与干预组各60例。对照组给予常规护理措施,干预组实施分阶段健康教育及分级随访,干预时间1年。结果干预1年后,干预组生活质量显著优于对照组(P0.01)。结论分阶段教育及分级随访可提高腹膜透析患者的生活质量。     

血液透析及腹膜透析患者生活质量评价及相关因素分析

目的：评估血液透析及腹膜透析患者的生活质量及相关影响因素。方法：随机抽取腹膜透析患者28例及血液透析患者28例,采用肾脏疾病生存质量专用量表KDQOL-SFTM量表对透析患者进行生活质量评估。比较血液透析患者和腹膜透析患者健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）的差异,并采用多元回归分析法探索分析透析人群HRQOL的影响因素。结果：血液透析患者和腹膜透析患者在KDQOL-SFTM量表各维度得分上差异无统计学意义,除外社会功能（SF）。血液透析患者SF得分高于腹膜透析患者（63.94±25.08vs48.66±23.41,P〈0.05）。影响血液透析患者生活质量的因素包括：性别、年龄、透析龄、文化程度、钙磷乘积、血红蛋白（Hb）、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）等。上述因素对血液透析患者的HRQOL影响占14.1%～55.6%。影响腹膜透析患者生活质量的因素包括：性别、年龄、透析龄、体重指数（BMI）、糖尿病（DM）、Hb、血白蛋白（Alb）、PTH、铁蛋白、腹透方式、每日交换液量等。上述因素对腹膜透析患者的HRQOL影响占14.7%～58.6%。结论：透析患者的骨矿物质代谢紊乱、贫血严重影响生活质量。除此之外,腹膜透析患者的生活质量还受BMI、DM、营养状态、腹透龄的影响。临床中应积极纠正上述影响因素以提高透析患者的生活质量。     

Comparison of sleep quality between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients

AIM: Sleep disorders are common in patients with end-stage renal disease. Although studies have been conducted on the type and frequency of sleep disturbances in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients, there has been no study comparing the sleep quality between these two groups. Therefore, we aimed to compare sleep quality between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS: A total of 102 patients (52 hemodialysis and 50 peritoneal dialysis) were included in the study. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used for the assessment of sleep quality. Two groups were compared for seven components of the PSQI questionnaire and global score as well as for clinical and laboratory findings. We also assessed the independent predictors of sleep quality. RESULTS: There were 51 male and 51 female patients (29 male and 23 female in hemodialysis group versus 22 male and 28 female in peritoneal dialysis group). The mean age was 55.5 +/- 14.6 years in the hemodialysis and 51.5 +/- 18.1 years in the peritoneal dialysis group. The median dialysis duration was 36 (77.0) months. The sleep quality was poor in 88.5% of the hemodialysis patients and 78.0% of the peritoneal dialysis patients. However, this difference in sleep quality was not significant between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was a significant association between the sleep quality and the age, presence of diabetes mellitus, and serum albumin. Among these variables, only age was found to be an independent predictor of sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients had a similar high rate of poor sleep quality. Further studies are necessary to investigate the causes of poor quality of sleep and to investigate methods to improve sleep quality in this population.     

Self-assessed quality of life in peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Studies comparing quality of life (QOL) between peritoneal and hemodialysis patients have yielded inconsistent results. Physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scales of Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey are highly validated measures of self-assessed QOL. We sought to evaluate these indices in PD patients: (1) as measures of QOL, (2) predictors of QOL, (3) to study change in QOL over time, and (4) to compare QOL in PD vs. hemodialysis patients. METHODS: SF-36 questionnaires were administered every 3 months to patients over a 2-year period and PCS and MCS were calculated. Mean follow-up was 15.3 +/- 6.6 months for PD and 14.5 +/- 5.7 months for HD. RESULTS: Average PCS in PD (31.8 +/- 7.8) was lower than HD (36.9 +/- 9.8) (p < 0.02), while MCS was similar in the groups (p = NS). The prevalence of depression was 26.1% in PD and 25.4% in HD patients (p = NS). Serum albumin was the only significant predictor of PCS among PD patients and explained much of the decrease in PCS in them. The number of hospitalizations and in-hospital days were significantly lower for PD compared to HD patients (p < 0.05). PCS as well as MCS remained stable in both groups throughout the observation period. CONCLUSION: Self-assessed physical function is diminished, while mental function is similar in PD compared to HD patients. When corrected for serum albumin, this difference is eliminated. Over time, QOL in patients treated with PD remained stable.     

Correlates of objective sleep quality in older peritoneal dialysis patients

BackgroundSleep disturbance is a prominent concern in dialysis patients and detrimentally impacts clinical and self-reported health outcomes. This study aimed to collect sleep data from in-home actigraphy and to explore possible predictors of sleep quality in older peritoneal dialysis patients.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. Peritoneal dialysis patients aged ≥60 years participated in this study. For each participant, sleep quality was assessed by analyzing the data produced by an actigraphic device worn on the wrist 24 h a day for seven consecutive days. Physical function was assessed using handgrip strength and the Timed Up and Go test. Depression was assessed using the self-reported Geriatric Depression Scale. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the factors influencing sleep efficiency and sleep time.ResultsBased on data collected from 50 participants (N = 50, mean age 70.4 years, 70% male), including 333 nights of actigraphy-monitored sleep, the mean sleep efficiency was 75.5%±14.2% and the mean total sleep time 391.0 ± 99.3 min per night. Higher hemoglobin (β = 0.38, p = 0.007) and lower serum phosphorus (β = −0.30, p = 0.042) levels were significant predictors of better sleep efficiency. The only significant predictor of the total sleep time was age (β = 0.32, p = 0.021).ConclusionOlder peritoneal dialysis patients had poor sleep, characterized by low sleep efficiency. Low hemoglobin and high serum phosphorus levels were predictors of poor sleep efficiency and, as such, modifiable factors for clinicians to consider when treating patients with sleep complaints.     

血液透析和腹膜透析患者生存质量的多中心调查

目的评估我国广东省南部血液透析(血透)和腹膜透析(腹透)患者生存质量的状况;比较血透和腹透患者生存质量差异;探讨影响血透和腹透患者生存质量的基本因素.方法采取多中心研究方法.病例选自广东省南部,而主要是广州市的9家大医院的维持性血透、腹透3个月以上的患者,其中血透180例,腹透122例.使用KDQOL-SFTM表进行问卷调查,根据Hays RD提供的方法进行评分.结果 (1)血透患者肾脏病和透析相关生存质量(KDTA)总分为51.2±10.6,SF-36总分为48.2±19.9;腹透患者KDTA总分为56.3±12.3,SF-36总分为47.8±16.8.血透多数领域评分较欧美日同类报道为低;腹透仅部分领域低于香港特别行政区,但总体评分与香港特别行政区同类报道无显著差异.(2)比较研究提示腹透总体评分高于血透,但进一步的分层研究提示血透与腹透的生存质量差异主要是在透析的前2年.(3)血透男性患者在KDTA和SF-36及其它5个领域优于血透女性患者;而腹透男女患者之间KDTA和SF-36总分无显著差异.无论男女,腹透患者在多个领域均优于同性别血透患者.(4)血透患者的青年组(＜45岁)与中年组(45～60岁)、老年组(＞60岁)相比,在KDTA和SF-36总体水平无显著差异,仅在体能相关领域高于中老年组.腹透患者青年组在KDTA和SF-36总分以及多个分支领域明显高于中老年组患者,同时,腹透患者在不同年龄组的多个领域优于同年龄段血透患者.(5)在生存质量的总体变化趋势方面,血透患者初始的生存质量较低,透析1～2年时的生存质量逐渐提高,2～4年处于高峰,以后开始下降;腹透患者生存质量的趋势KDTA比较平稳,但2年后SF-36呈明显下降趋势.(6)多元回归分析提示,对KDTA和SF-36总体生存质量的影响因素分别为透析方式、年龄、性别和透析时间.结论 (1)广东省南部,而主要是广州市的血透和腹透患者生存质量状况的总体水平仍低于西方国家和香港特别行政区.(2)慢性肾衰竭患者一体化治疗的前2年可首选腹透.(3)血透和腹透患者的KDTA和SF-36生存质量的趋势不同,腹透不仅适合老年患者,更适合年轻患者和女性患者.(4)透析方式、透析时间、性别和年龄影响透析患者的生存质量,但影响程度和领域各不相同.     

Predictors for quality of life in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients

Aim: Peritoneal dialysis patients have diminished quality of life scores compared with healthy subjects. Measures of quality of life have been reported to have a significant predictive value for patient survival and hospitalization in peritoneal dialysis patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical, biochemical and psychological predictors for the quality of life in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 60 CAPD patients (male/female 33/27; age 45.5 ± 15.7 years, CAPD duration 43.4 ± 32.7 months). Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index was used for assessing sleep quality. We evaluated each patient's depressive symptoms with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Quality of life parameters were assessed by the self-administered SF-36 generic health survey questionnaire. In all patients, demographic variables, personality traits and habits, Charlson Comorbidity Index, clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded and analysed. Results: A Pearson bivariate correlation analysis revealed that total quality of life score was negatively correlated with Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (–0.533, P < 0.0001), BDI (−0.642, P < 0.0001) scores, C-reactive protein (−0.588, P = 0.001), and positively correlated with blood urea nitrogen (0.336, P = 0.02) and albumin (0.351, P = 0.01). BDI scores (β = −0.505, P = 0.001) and the serum albumin levels (β = 0.324, P = 0.009) were the significant independent predictors of quality of life. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality, presence of depression, higher C-reactive protein and lower albumin levels are associated with poorer quality of life. In order to improve life quality in CAPD patients, quality of sleep, depression and nutritional status should be serially evaluated and given appropriate treatment when required.     

The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and health-related quality of life in peritoneal dialysis patients

International Urology and Nephrology - We aimed to investigate the relationship between Vitamin D level and quality of life in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis as renal replacement therapy....     

Hyperlipidemia in pediatric patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

We evaluated serial measurements of serum lipid levels in 68 patients aged 12.6±4.7 years undergoing treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis/continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CAPD/CCPD). Fasting mean levels of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (C) were elevated above the 95th percentile of published normal values by 102% and 19%, respectively, at the start of dialysis. Except for a shortterm decrease in TG levels at 6 and 9 months, no significant change in mean lipid levels was observed during a follow-up period of 2 years. At initiation of dialysis, elevated TG and C levels were present in 90% and 69% of the patients, respectively. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia (HL) varied between 63% and 88% (TG) and 61% and 93% (C), respectively, during the follow-up period. TG and C levels were not correlated with caloric intake (evaluated in 17 patients), serum albumin levels, treatment modality (CAPD or CCPD), a history of the nephrotic syndrome, or previous treatment with hemodialysis or transplantation. However, a significant inverse correlation was observed between age and serum lipids at the initiation of dialysis treatment and after 1 year (TG:r=–0.40; C:r=–0.44). Our data indicate a high prevalence of HL but no significant change of serum lipid levels during 2 years of treatment with CAPD/CCPD.     

宁夏地区不同人群腹膜透析患者生活质量及其影响因素

目的探讨宁夏地区不同人群腹膜透析患者生活质量及其影响因素,旨在为临床工作中如何提高透析患者的生存质量提供依据。方法①选择行规律持续非卧床腹膜透析（continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD）治疗6个月以上的109例慢性肾衰竭患者。收集患者的民族、年龄、性别、原发病因、受教育程度、年均收入、透析时间、透析方案及体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）等资料。按民族分为回族组和汉族组。②采用肾脏疾病生活质量简表（Medical Outcomes Study Health Status ShortForm,SF-36）评估患者的生活质量。③采用肾脏病膳食改良实验（Modifi—cationofDietinRenalDisease,MDI①）方程估计算患者的肾小球滤过率,以评估患者的残余肾功能。④采用主观综合性营养评估（subjective global assessment,SGA）及白蛋白等指标评估患者营养状况。⑤采用Charlson合并症指数评估患者合并症情况。⑥检测患者血浆全段甲状旁腺素（intactparathy—roidhormone,iPTH）及血钙、血磷水平以评估患者的钙磷代谢状况。结果①回族组、汉族组患者在年龄、性别、原发病因、受教育程度、年均收入、透析时间、透析方案及Charlson合并症指数等均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。②与汉族组比较,回族组患者血钙、白蛋白、三酰甘油、总胆固醇及肾小球滤过率明显降低,iPTH水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。③与汉族组比较,回族组的SGA评估的营养不良的发生率亦明显升高（47．5Z比24．6％）,有统计学差异（P〈O．05）。④与汉族组比较,回族组在SF-36评分[（52．90±20．68）比（42．78±19．46）]、生理健康评分[（53．27±22．91）比（39．47±20．22）]、精神健康评分E（58．30±22．68）比（46．10±22．76）]均明显下降,有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。⑤与汉族组比较,回族组在情感与精神状况[-（65．29±19．85）比（54．65±21．60）]和疼痛[（72．54±27．88）比（47．19±30．85）]两个维度评分也明显下降,均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。⑥将2组存在差异的指标进行单因素相关分析及多元线性回归发现,不同人群和白蛋白水平与SF-36相关。结论回族、汉族腹膜透析患者生活质量SF-36、生理健康及精神健康存在一定的差异,回族患者明显低于汉族;白蛋白水平是影响患者生活质量的因素。