高血压病患者动态脉压与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的研究高血压病患者24h动态脉压与颈动脉粥样硬化间的关系.方法选择1、2级高血压病患者57例作为研究对象,并与2l例年龄、性别与之无统计学差异的健康者作对照,对所有患者行动态血压监测,作颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度、颈总动脉内径,局限性的内膜-中层厚度增厚≥1.3mm定义为斑块.结果高血压病患者其24h脉压均值、白天脉压均值、夜间脉压均值均较对照组明显升高,2级高血压病组脉压大于1级高血压病组;高血压病患者内膜-中层厚度明显增厚,且随着斑块严重程度的增加,内膜-中层厚度逐渐增厚;直线相关分析显示:脉压尤其是夜间脉压与内膜-中层厚度及斑块明显正相关,内膜-中层厚度与斑块正相关.结论颈动脉内膜-中层增厚是动脉粥样硬化的早期表现,脉压,尤其是夜间脉压在评估早期动脉硬化方面有着重要意义.     

高血压患者动态脉压与颈动脉重构的相关性研究

目的研究高血压病患者24小时动态脉压与颈动脉结构和功能间的关系.方法选择1、2级高血压病患者57例作为研究对象,设21例年龄、性别与之无统计学差异的健康者作对照,对所有患者所行动态血压监测,作颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度、颈总动脉收缩期和舒张期内径.结果高血压病患者其24小时脉压均值、白天脉压均值、夜间脉压均值及颈动脉僵硬度均较对照组明显升高,2级高血压组脉压大1级高血压组;高血压病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度明显增厚,僵硬度增加,颈动脉可扩张性降低,以2级高血压组明显;直线相关分析显示脉压尤其是夜间脉压、内膜中层厚度、可扩张性、僵硬度及内径均密切相关.结论高血压病患者动态脉压,尤其是夜间脉压增高;颈动脉内膜中层增厚,可扩张性降低,僵硬度增加;脉压,尤其是夜间脉压与颈动脉内膜中层厚度及可扩张性、僵硬度明显相关.     

老年高血压患者动态脉压与颈动脉重构的相关性

为探讨高血压病患者24h动态脉压与颈动脉结构和功能间的关系.以1、2级高血压病患者57例作为研究对象,设21例年龄、性别与之无统计学差异的健康者作对照,对所有患者行动态血压监测,作颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度、颈总动脉收缩期和舒张期内径.结果发现,高血压病患者24 h脉压平均值、白天脉压平均值、夜间脉压平均值及颈动脉僵硬度均较对照组明显升高,2级高血压组脉压大于1级高血压组;高血压病患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度明显增厚,僵硬度增加,颈动脉可扩张性降低,以2级高血压组明显;直线相关分析发现,脉压尤其是夜间脉压与内膜中膜厚度、可扩张性、僵硬度及内径均密切相关.该研究证实动态脉压在评估高血压病患者颈动脉结构和功能改变方面有着重要意义.     

老年高血压患者动态脉压与颈动脉重构的相关性

为探讨高血压病患者24h动态脉压与颈动脉结构和功能间的关系。以1、2级高血压病患者57例作为研究对象，设21例年龄、性别与之无统计学差异的健康者作对照，对所有患者行动态血压监测，作颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度、颈总动脉收缩期和舒张期内径。结果发现，高血压病患者24h脉压平均值、白天脉压平均值、夜间脉压平均值及颈动脉僵硬度均较对照组明显升高，2级高血压组脉压大于1级高血压组；高血压病患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度明显增厚，僵硬度增加，颈动脉可扩张性降低，以2级高血压组明显；直线相关分析发现，脉压尤其是夜间脉压与内膜中膜厚度、可扩张性、僵硬度及内径均密切相关。该研究证实动态脉压在评估高血压病患者颈动脉结构和功能改变方面有着重要意义。     

老年高血压病人动态血压曲线下面积与颈动脉硬化关系的探讨

目的研究老年高血压病人动态血压监测参数曲线下面积（AUC）与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选择1级与2级老年高血压病人各30例及正常者30名（对照组），行动态血压监测，做颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）、颈总动脉内径，局限性内膜-中层厚度增厚≥1．3mm定义为斑块。结果老年高血压病人24h、日间、夜间收缩压AUC、舒张压AUC及脉压AUC均较对照组明显升高，且2级高血压组收缩压和脉压AUC大于1级高血压组，而两组舒张压AUC无统计学意义；老年高血压病人颈动脉IMT较对照组明显增厚，且随着IMT逐渐增厚，斑块级别增高；直线相关分析显示收缩压和脉压AUC尤其是夜间收缩压和脉压AUC与IMT及斑块级别明显正相关，IMT与斑块级别呈正相关。结论颈动脉IMT是动脉粥样硬化的早期表现，动态血压AUC是真正代表血压增高的持续时间和血压增高值的综合二维参数，收缩压和脉压AUC尤其是夜间收缩压和脉压AUC的增加会加重颈动脉硬化的程度。     

高血压合并糖尿病患者脉压与颈动脉重构的相关性研究

目的探讨高血压合并糖尿病患者24h动态脉压与颈动脉结构和功能间的关系。方法对高血压合并糖尿病患者120例、高血压2—3级患者100例、糖尿病患者100例以及健康对照者50例进行动态血压监测,作颈动脉血管超声测量颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）、斑块积分、颈总动脉收缩期和舒张期内径;计算颈动脉扩张性和僵硬度。结果高血压合并糖尿病患者组的24h脉压均值、白天脉压均值、夜间脉压均值及颈动脉粥样硬化（IMT及斑块积分）、僵硬度均较高血压组、糖尿病组明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;多因素相关分析发现：脉压尤其是夜间脉压增高与颈动脉粥样硬化（IMT及斑块积分）、僵硬度密切相关。结论高血压、糖尿病患者均存在脉压增大和颈动脉重构,当高血压病合并糖尿病时,颈动脉重构更明显;脉压与颈动脉重构呈正相关,对高血压合并糖尿病患者应重视脉压的监测及治疗。     

高龄老年高血压患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度与动态血压参数的关系

目的 探讨高龄老年高血压患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)及其与动态血压参数特点相关性的研究.方法 将205例患者根据颈动脉超声检查结果分为3组:对照组为非颈动脉内膜中膜增厚(IMT＜1.0 mm),硬化组颈动脉内膜中膜增厚(1.0 mm＜IMT＜1.2 mm),斑块组为颈动脉内膜中膜增厚合并斑块(IMT≥1.2 mm),应用无创24 h动态血压监测系统记录24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、白天平均收缩压、白天平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、24 h脉压及白天脉压、夜间脉压值,记录其中杓型高血压和非杓型高血压的比例和合并冠心病比例.用各组IMT均值与24 h平均收缩压、白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24 h脉压、白天脉压、夜间脉压及冠心病发生率作相关分析.结果 斑块组和硬化组24 h平均收缩压、白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24 h脉压、白天脉压及夜间脉压均高于对照组(P＜0.05).其中非杓型高血压在对照组中占54.3%,在硬化组占62.9%,斑块组占77.6%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).各组冠心病发生率对照组为42.1%,硬化组为53.1%,斑块组89.5%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).各组IMT均值与冠心病发生率及24 h平均收缩压、白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、24 h脉压、白天脉压和夜间脉压均呈正相关(r值分别为r=0.878,r=0.487,r=0.514,r=0.469,=0.448,r=0.492,r=0.435,P＜0.05).结论 高龄老年高血压患者动态血压的平均收缩压升高、平均脉压增大和血压昼夜节律消失是造成颈动脉内膜中膜厚度增厚及斑块形成的重要因素.颈动脉内膜中膜厚度斑块形成与冠心病的发生有良好的相关性.     

老年高血压病病人动态脉压与颈动脉硬化的关系

目的 观察老年高血压病病人动态血压包括脉压（PP）的变化，以及脉压（PP）与颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（IMT）的相关性。方法 测量110例老年高血压病病人24h动态脉压，计算昼夜PP的水平及PP的变化幅度，根据24hPP的水平分为24hPP〈60mmHg组和24hPP-60mmHg组，多普勒超声检查颈动脉内膜中层厚度。比较两组血压参数与内膜-中膜厚度的差异，分析IMT和脉压各项指标的相关性。结果 24hPP≥60mmHg组与24hPP〈60mmHg组的颈动脉IMT比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01），24h脉压、白天均脉压、夜间平均脉压与颈动脉IMT有明显相关性（r值分别为0．427、0．352、0．576，P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论 老年高血压病病人的脉压尤其是夜间脉压对颈动脉IMT的影响明显。     

老年高血压患者脉压与颈动脉内膜中层厚度关系

目的 观察老年高血压患者动态血压的变化，以及脉压与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性。方法 测量103例老年高血压患者24h动态血压，计算昼夜之脉压及脉压的变化幅度，根据脉压分为两组：脉压小于60mmHg的低脉压组和脉压大于或等于60mmHg的高脉压组;用多普勒超声检查颈动脉内膜中层厚度。比较两组血压参数与内膜中层厚度的差异，分析内膜中层厚度和脉压各项指标的相关性。结果 高脉压组与低脉压组的颈动脉内膜中层厚度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01），脉压与颈动脉内膜中层厚度有较好的相关性。结论 老年高血压患者的脉压尤其是夜间脉压与颈动脉内膜中层厚度明显相关。     

高血压伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者的动态血压

目的了解高血压伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者的动态血压变化。方法对186例高血压患者行超声检查双侧颈动脉,分成颈动脉正常组;颈动脉内膜增厚但无颈动脉斑块组和颈动脉内膜增厚有颈动脉斑块形成组。监测24h动态血压。结果颈动脉内膜增厚病人,无颈动脉斑块组和有颈动脉斑块组的最大收缩压、最小收缩压、平均收缩压、日间平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压均高于颈动脉正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);无颈动脉斑块形成组和有颈动脉斑块形成组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);最大舒张压、最小舒张压、平均舒张压、日间平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压和全天平均动脉压在3组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。颈动脉内膜增厚病人组的异常昼夜节律的检出率和动态血压负荷值等于或超出40%的检出率高于颈动脉正常组。结论高血压患者动脉粥样硬化和有斑块患者的动态血压负荷值增大和昼夜节律异常。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.