《药学进展》杂志2020年征订启事

《药学进展》杂志是国家教育部主管、中国药科大学和中国药学会共同主办的药学类科技期刊,1959年创刊,2014年全新改版,国内外公开发行,是专注于医药科技前沿与产业动态的专业信息媒体。本刊以科学前沿与国家战略需求为宗旨,以综述、评述、行业发展报告为特色,以药学学科进展、技术进展、新药研发各环节技术信息为重点,主要报道药学学科链、研发技术链、医药产业链的国内外研究前沿与进展;围绕新药研发产业链,聚焦药学学科进展、全球研发前沿、科研思路方法、靶点机制探讨、新药研发报告、临床用药分析、技术政策动态;希冀以期刊与论坛为平台,整合行业资源,发挥协同作用,推动新药研发与产业发展。     

《药学进展》杂志2020年征订启事

《药学进展》杂志是国家教育部主管、中国药科大学和中国药学会共同主办的药学类科技期刊,1959年创刊,2014年全新改版,国内外公开发行,是专注于医药科技前沿与产业动态的专业信息媒体。本刊以科学前沿与国家战略需求为宗旨,以综述、评述、行业发展报告为特色,以药学学科进展、技术进展、新药研发各环节技术信息为重点,主要报道药学学科链、研发技术链、医药产业链的国内外研究前沿与进展;围绕新药研发产业链,聚焦药学学科进展、全球研发前沿、科研思路方法、靶点机制探讨、新药研发报告、临床用药分析、技术政策动态;希冀以期刊与论坛为平台,整合行业资源,发挥协同作用,推动新药研发与产业发展。     

试论医院药事管理学的发展(三)

4医院药学与药学部门 4.1药学和医院药学的概念与特点 4.1.1药学与药学学科概念 药学是专门研究、实践药物和药物与人的综合性的应用科学,包括药物的研发、生产、流通、使用等诸多领域.     

仿制药药学研究部分研发质量管理的方法探究

本研究探讨了仿制药药学研究部分研发质量管理体系建立和运行的方法.首先,通过对药品注册研制现场核查的药学研究相关常见问题进行风险分析,制定风险控制策略;其次,在全过程采用戴明环(又称PDCA循环)的方法对药品研发过程中影响项目质量和产品质量的要素进行管理;最后,综合以上内容,探讨仿制药药学研究部分研发质量管理的方法.运用...     

药物研发过程中药学信息的利用

目的:方便药学科研人员获取药学信息,提高药物研发的效率。方法:在分析药物研发流程的基础上,按项目调研数据库、临床前研究数据库、临床研究数据库、药物评审信息数据库等4方面对国内、外药学数据库资源进行系统调研。结果与结论:项目调研数据库主要包括Pharma project数据库等事实型数据库,临床前研究数据库主要包括美国生物医学文献数据库等文摘型数据库,临床研究数据库主要包括Clinical Trial.gov数据库等,药物评审信息数据库主要包括欧洲药品审评管理局等信息数据库。如果药学科研工作站掌握了相关的药学数据库资源,就能快速准确地检索到需要的信息,从而提高药物研发的效率。     

基于转化医学理念的药学研究生教学

当前药学研究生教育中存在基础理论知识与药物研究实际相脱节的问题,导致药学专业研究生对新药研发认识不足。针对这一现状,探讨药学研究生教学的新思路势在必行。转化医学是一个药学、医学、生命科学交叉融合和飞速发展的领域,对药学研究生而言,开展基于转化医学发展原则和实践理念的药学教育,无疑是优化药学研究生培养模式的重要途径,将帮助学生更加深刻地理解即将从事的新药研发工作,培养有能力将基础研究成果向临床应用转化的人才。     

药学信息在新药研发立项中的作用探讨

药学信息不仅是新药研发立项的依据,也是决策活动的起点和前提。本文探讨了新药研发立项所需的政策、市场、经济和技术等药学信息,并概括了这些信息的作用、分布、获取途径以及它们在新药立项调研中的运用,以期为药品研发人员的新药立项调研工作提供一些参考。     

纳米注射剂仿制药的药学技术要求

纳米注射剂是近年来高端制剂研发的热点,我国纳米注射剂仿制药研发水平尚在起步阶段,缺少相应的技术要求,此类制剂的研发和监管面临极大的挑战。本文对纳米注射剂仿制药与参比制剂药学一致性考察的要点进行了总结,重点讨论了粒径表征技术以及对相关参数进行体外群体生物等效性研究的方法及方法的科学性和可行性。纳米注射剂仿制药与参比制剂的药学等效性研究对我国纳米注射剂仿制产品的研发、规模化生产和质量控制具有重要的借鉴意义。     

代谢组学及其在药学中的应用

目的对代谢组学(metabonomics)、代谢组学的主要研究方法和代谢组学在药学各领域中的应用作一综述。方法检索归纳相关文献35篇,按照代谢组学的基本思想、研究方法、在药学各领域的应用分类综述。结果代谢组学在药学领域中广泛应用于药物安全性评价、作用机制研究、新药的研发和中药的药效物质基础研究。     

《中国执业药师》杂志2012年专栏征稿通知

为提高《中国执业药师》杂志稿件的学术水平,为广大药学工作者提供一个展示、交流的平台,本刊2012年将组织如下专栏。抗菌药物的合理应用与安全性评价;抗肿瘤药物的研发与应用;临床药学监护;儿科药物的研发与应用;内分泌与代谢药物的研发与应用;抗高血压药物的研发与应用;社区卫生服务机构合理用药与药学服务。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.