2型糖尿病脂联素、瘦素、脂联素与瘦素比值与代谢综合征组分关系的研究

目的观察脂联素、瘦素、脂联素与瘦素的此值（A／L）和代谢综合征的关系。方法初诊2型糖尿病患者260例,放免法检测Fins、脂联素、瘦素水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数,并以脂联素、瘦素及其比值作为因变量进行多元回归分析。结果肥胖较非肥胖患者有较低的脂联素、A／L,较高的瘦素;胰岛素敏感的患者相对于胰岛素抵抗的患者,有较高的脂联素、A／L和较低的瘦素;A／L与代谢有关变量、胰岛素抵抗及相关变量都有明显的相关性。结论2型糖尿病患者脂联素、瘦素和A／L与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及代谢综合征的表达有明显的相关性。据此推测脂联素、瘦素、A／L有可能成为进一步研究代谢综合征的发病机制及其诊断标准的指标。     

脂联素水平分泌的节律性及其与糖皮质激素、胰岛素、瘦素的关系

目的　观察库欣综合征患者、肥胖症者和正常人血清脂联素昼夜节律及糖皮质激素、胰岛素和瘦素对其影响。方法　 15例库欣综合征病人、10例单纯性肥胖症病人和 9例正常人 ,每 4h抽血 1次 ,测定 1d内的血清脂联素、皮质醇、胰岛素和瘦素的昼夜节律。同时观察地塞米松抑制试验对脂联素水平的影响。结果　库欣综合征病人、肥胖症者及正常人血清脂联素昼夜节律皆不明显 ,但肥胖症者 6个时间点脂联素水平显著低于正常人。脂联素曲线下面积与体重指数 (BMI)、腰围、腰臀围比和胰岛素曲线下面积呈显著负相关 (r值分别为 - 0 4 6、- 0 33、- 0 38、- 0 36 ,P值均 <0 0 5 ) ,而与瘦素的相关性尚未达到统计学差异 ,与皮质醇曲线下面积亦无相关性。 1、2、8mg地塞米松抑制试验对血清脂联素的影响皆不大 ,但库欣综合征病人术后第 1天脂联素水平明显低于术前。结论　血清脂联素水平与BMI、腰围呈负相关 ,既不受皮质醇昼高夜低的分泌节律影响 ,也不随餐后胰岛素释放的增加而变化 ,但术后的应激反应可能减少脂联素的分泌。     

The Efficacy of Adipokines and Indices of Metabolic Syndrome as Predictors of Severe Obesity-Related Hepatic Steatosis

The aim of this study was to investigate adiponectin, leptin, and metabolic syndrome as predictors of the severity of obesity-related steatosis. By ultrasonography steatosis-positive (cases) subjects (n=141) were compared with controls (n=111). Demographic and anthropometric data and serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and insulin were measured. The impact of several criteria of metabolic syndrome, serum adiponectin concentrations, and serum leptin concentrations were tested using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was higher in cases (44.0% versus 9.2%; P < .0001). Cases were older and had higher insulin resistance, waist circumference, and lower concentrations of adiponectin (all P < .001). The upper adiponectin quartile was associated with a lesser grade of steatosis. Metabolic syndrome and adiponectin concentrations were independently associated with the probability of steatosis. In conclusion, adipokines and metabolic syndrome are useful indices for the prediction of the severity of obesity-related steatosis.     

Efficacy of resistin and leptin in predicting persistent organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis

BackgroundTo investigate the accuracy of resistin, leptin and adiponectin levels in predicting persistent organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).MethodsData from 90 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital for AP were retrospectively collected from an ongoing prospective cohort study. The levels of adiponectin, leptin and resistin were measured and compared between patients with and without persistent organ failure. The accuracy of the adipokines in predicting persistent organ failure were compared with the patients' Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score, and were separately investigated in overweight and non-overweight groups.ResultsPersistent organ failure occurred in 26.7% of the patients. The levels of resistin were significantly increased in AP patients with persistent organ failure, in both the overweight and the non-overweight subgroups. Resistin and APACHE-II score predicted persistent organ failure with comparable areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 and 0.75, respectively (p = 0.66). Resistin demonstrated similar accuracy with the APACHE-II score in predicting persistent organ failure in the overweight (0.69 vs. 0.66, p = 0.82) and non-overweight (0.76 vs. 0.87, p = 0.39) subgroups. There was no correlation between adiponectin and persistent organ failure, but a weak correlation between leptin and persistent organ failure was demonstrated.ConclusionsResistin and leptin levels, rather than adiponectin, correlate with persistent organ failure in patients with AP.     

腹部内脏脂肪沉积的老年非代谢综合征患者脂联素瘦素比值的变化

目的 观察体质指数正常、腹部内脏脂肪沉积的非代谢综合征老年男性患者血清脂联素、瘦素水平及脂联素瘦素比值的变化.方法 将入选的老年非代谢综合征男性患者109例分为2组,内脏无脂肪沉积组67例,内脏脂肪沉积组42例.采用CT方法测定内脏脂肪面积,当腹部内脏脂肪面积≥100cm2,为内脏脂肪沉积;采用LINCO公司提供的放射免疫试剂盒测定空腹血脂联素、瘦素水平;代谢综合征的诊断采用2004年中国糖尿病学会制定的标准.结果 (1)脂肪沉积组与无脂肪沉积组比较,体质指数、内脏脂肪面积均显著升高,体质指数分别为(22.94±1.35)kg/m2对(21.38±2.55)kg/m2(P＜O.001),内脏脂肪面积(135.6±31.7)cm2对(68.6±22.6)cm2(P＜O.001);脂联素瘦素比值降低.分别为2.17±1.77对4.54±7.00(P=0.031);而脂联素、瘦素水平在两者间差异无统计学意义;(2)脂联素瘦素比值与体质指数(r=-0.552,P＜0.001)、腰围(r=-0.390,P＜0.001)、腹部内脏脂肪面积(r=-0.311,P＜0.001)呈负相关.结论 体质指数正常有内脏脂肪沉积与无内脏脂肪沉积的老年男性比较.脂联素瘦素比值明显下降.并与腹部脂肪面积显著负相关.提示血清脂联素瘦素比值可能可用于筛选体质指数正常有腹部内脏脂肪肪沉积的患者.     

Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin in asthmatic patients and its relation with asthma severity,lung function and BMI

IntroductionAsthma is one of the diseases which has a high prevalence in developed and developing countries. The relationship between asthma and obesity has always been focused by researchers. In this field, adipokines, especially adiponectin and leptin have highly attended by the scientist. The aim of this study was to determine the serum level of adiponectin, leptin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio in asthmatic patients and its relationship with disease severity, lung function and BMI (body mass index).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 90 asthmatic women admitted to the tertiary referral hospital in Kurdistan province – Iran, were examined. First, BMI was measured and then pulmonary function tests were performed in all asthmatics patient. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC, were measured. At the end, blood samples were collected and serum level of adiponectin and leptin were measured by ELISA method.ResultSerum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels correlated positively with asthma severity and BMI (p = 0.0001), but there was no correlation between adiponectin level with asthma severity and BMI (p > 0.05), also serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels inversely correlated with FEV1 and FVC in patient (p = 0.0001).ConclusionAsthma is linked with obesity, and there is an association between asthma severity and BMI with serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels, but our results do not support a significant role of adiponectin in obesity or asthma.     

The Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Adipose Tissue Hormones and Insulin Resistance in Patients with COPD without Co-morbidities

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and metabolic syndrome represent common causes of morbidity and mortality in ageing populations. The effect of the co-existence of COPD and metabolic syndrome on adipose tissue hormones and insulin resistance as well as the differences between COPD patients with and without metabolic syndrome have not been adequately studied. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, based on Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria, was evaluated in 114 male patients with COPD without significant co-morbidities. Pulmonary functions tests (PFTs), arterial blood gases, quality of life and BODE index were assessed. Blood samples were obtained for the assessment of adipose tissue hormones and insulin resistance. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 21%, being more prevalent in earlier stages of COPD. Patients with COPD and metabolic syndrome were younger with higher body-mass index (BMI), had better pulmonary function, less static hyperinflation and air-trapping, better diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and BODE index. These patients had higher levels of leptin, lower levels of adiponectin and increased insulin resistance, as expressed by HOMA index, compared with patients without metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in younger patients with less severe COPD. These patients may constitute a specific COPD phenotype with greater leptin to adiponectin imbalance and insulin resistance, despite smaller impairment in PFTs. The prognosis and differences of these patients compared with other COPD phenotypes needs to be determined in prospective studies.     

Circulating vaspin and its relationship with insulin sensitivity,adiponectin, and liver histology in subjects with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Abstract

Objective. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is closely associated with components of metabolic syndrome. Vaspin is a novel adipocytokine that may link obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to investigate circulating vaspin levels in subjects with NASH and also to search for the association of vaspin with IR, adiponectin, and histological findings. Material and methods. A total of 50 male patients with NASH and 30 healthy male controls were enrolled. Vaspin and adiponectin were measured with ELISA method. Insulin sensitivity determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index. Results. Plasma vaspin levels were higher and adiponectin levels were lower in NASH group compared with controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, in multivariate analysis adjusted for glucose and lipid parameters, and HOMA-IR indexes, the difference in vaspin concentrations was disappeared. Nonetheless, the difference regarding the adiponectin levels remained significant between groups (p = 0.03). Vaspin was negatively correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.32, p = 0.03) in subjects with NASH. Conclusions. This study indicates that circulating vaspin levels are not altered in male subjects with NASH. These results suggest that in the absence of metabolic risk factors, vaspin per se may not be involved in the pathogenesis of NASH.     

脂联素瘦素比值在老年男性代谢综合征患者中的诊断价值

目的 研究血脂联素瘦素比值与老年男性代谢综合征的相关性. 方法 选择老年男性患者256例,分为代谢综合征组109例和非代谢综合征组(对照组)147例,代谢综合征的诊断采用2004年中国糖尿病学会制定的标准;采用LINCO放射免疫试剂盒测定空腹血脂联素、瘦素水平.结果 (1)老年男性代谢综合征组与对照组瘦素水平分别为(10.3±7.0)μg/L和(6.8±4.9)μg/L,脂联素分别为(7.8±5.6)g/L和(9.5±5.9)g/L,脂联素瘦素比值分别为0.94±0.78和2.15±2.13;(2)脂联素瘦素比值与体质指数、血三酰甘油、血尿酸水平均呈负相关,而与高密度脂蛋白水平显著正相关(P<0.001);(3)随着脂联素瘦素比值升高,代谢综合征发生的可能性减小,当比值在5以上,代谢综合征的患病率降至O(X2=34.891,P<0.001);(4)代谢异常组分数越多.脂联素瘦素比值越低(F=10.876,P<0.001). 结论 血脂联素瘦素比值可用于评价老年男性患者代谢紊乱程度,对老年男性代谢综合征的诊断有辅助作用.     

The associations of leptin and adiponectin with the metabolic syndrome in an Indonesian and a Dutch population

Background and aimsAt the same BMI, Asian populations develop cardiometabolic complications earlier than Western populations. We hypothesized that a different secretion of the adipocyte-derived hormones leptin and adiponectin plays a role and investigated the associations of the two hormones with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an Indonesian and a Dutch population.Methods and resultsWe performed cross-sectional analyses of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study (n = 6602) and the SUGAR Scientific Programme Indonesia–Netherlands Study (n = 1461). We examined sex-stratified associations of leptin and adiponectin with MetS, using multivariate logistic regression including adjustment for total body fat. The mean (SD) leptin (mcg/L) were 4.7 (6.0) in Indonesian men, 18.6 (12.0) in Indonesian women, 9.1 (7.7) in Dutch men, and 23.4 (17.4) in Dutch women. The mean (SD) adiponectin (mg/L) were 5.7 (5.4), 7.5 (7.1), 6.6 (3.3), and 11.3 (4.9), respectively. Within the same BMI category, leptin concentrations were similar in the two populations, whereas adiponectin was lower in the Indonesian population. Per SD of leptin, adjusted prevalence odds ratios (ORs, 95%CI) of MetS were 0.9 (0.6–1.2) in Indonesian men, 1.1 (0.9–1.4) in Indonesian women, 2.2 (1.6–2.8) in Dutch men, and 1.2 (1.0–1.5) in Dutch women. Per SD of adiponectin, the ORs were 0.9 (0.7–1.2), 0.8 (0.7–1.0), 0.6 (0.6–0.8), and 0.4 (0.4–0.5), respectively.ConclusionsDespite lower adiponectin levels, adiponectin was not related to the MetS in the Indonesian population and can not explain their increased cardiometabolic risk at the same BMI.     

Effects of diet and exercise on adipocytokine levels in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease

Background and aimsObesity is a pro-inflammatory risk factor for progression of CKD and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that implementation of caloric restriction and endurance exercise would improve adipocytokine profiles in patients with moderate to severe CKD.Methods and resultsWe enrolled patients with moderate to severe CKD through a multi-center pilot randomized trial of diet and exercise in a 4-arm design (dietary restriction of 10%–15% reduction in caloric intake, exercise three times/week, combined diet and exercise, and control) (NCT01150851). Adipocytokines (adiponectin and leptin) were measured at the beginning and end of the study period as secondary outcomes. Treatment effect was analyzed in a multivariable model adjusted for baseline outcome values, age, gender, site and diabetes. A total of 122 participants were consented, 111 were randomized (42% female, 25% diabetic, and 91% hypertensive), 104 started intervention and 92 completed the study (Figure 1). Plasma adiponectin levels increased significantly in response to diet by 23% (95% CI: 0.2%, 49.8%, p = 0.048) among participants randomized to the caloric restriction and usual activity arm but not to exercise, whereas circulating leptin did not change by either treatment.ConclusionOur data suggest that dietary caloric restriction increases plasma adiponectin levels in stage 3–4 CKD patients, with limited effect on leptin levels. These findings suggest the potential for improving the metabolic milieu of CKD with moderate calorie restriction.     

不同他汀类药物对代谢综合征患者血清脂联素和瘦素的影响研究

目的探讨不同他汀类调脂药物对代谢综合征患者血清脂联素、瘦素的影响。方法选取明确诊断代谢综合征患者100例,随机分为两组,A组口服阿托伐他汀10mg/d,B组口服普伐他汀40mg/d,其他治疗相同。检测治疗前后血脂和脂联素及瘦素水平。结果两组治疗后血脂水平明显下降,两组无显著差异,而血清脂联素水平显著高于治疗前,瘦素水平低于治疗前,A组优于B组。结论两种他汀类调脂药物都可以明显升高代谢综合征患者的血清脂联素水平以及降低瘦素水平,阿托伐他汀优于普伐他汀。     

Adiponectin as a protective factor in hepatic steatosis

AIM: Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are closely related to hepatic steatosis (HS), and adiponectin is a hepatic insulin sensitizer that has important effects in liver function. This study aims at investigating the relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and the presence of HS. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study in a check-up unit of a University Hospital in Mexico City. We enrolled 196 subjects, comprising 98 subjects with HS (27 women, 71 men) and 98 controls (37 women and 61 men). Anthropometric, metabolic and biochemical variables were measured in the two groups. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were determined, their association with grade of HS tested, and concentrations, according to quartiles, compared between cases and controls. X2 analysis for linear trends was used to test for a dose-response relationship and logistic regression analysis was conducted to test for a protective effect of adiponectin. RESULTS: The HS subjects were older and more obese than controls, with a central obesity pattern. In the fourth quartile of adiponectin concentrations, HS was less common and severe. In a multivariate model of the fourth quartile of the adiponectin concentrations, we observed a protective effect (OR = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.04-0.67, P= 0.01). In subjects with more severe HS, we observed higher leptin concentrations, and caloric intakes, total fat and iron consumption were higher than in controls. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that a high serum concentration of adiponectin is associated with a protective effect against HS.     

Association of the leptin to high-molecular-weight adiponectin ratio with metabolic syndrome

Recent studies have reported that leptin and adiponectin are associated with metabolic syndrome. The leptin/adiponectin ratio has been suggested as an atherosclerotic index. The objective of this study was to compare the degree of association of metabolic syndrome with adiponectin levels, leptin levels, leptin/adiponectin ratio, and leptin/high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin ratio. The study population included 3272 Koreans (men: 1915, women: 1357; age, 30-84 years), who had visited the Health Examination Center. Adipokines were divided into quartiles, and metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP ATP III). A logistic regression model was fitted to establish the association between adipokines and metabolic syndrome. Adipokines, such as adiponectin, HMW adiponectin, and leptin, were found to be statistically related to metabolic syndrome. Compared to the lowest quartile, the leptin/HMW adiponectin ratio in the highest quartile was associated with a 5-fold increase in the probability of prevalent metabolic syndrome, which was independent of age, smoking status, exercise, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and body mass index. There was a linear increase in the leptin/HMW adiponectin ratio as the number of metabolic syndrome components increased. The leptin/HMW adiponectin ratio had the highest odds ratio in women. In addition, compared to adiponectin or leptin alone, the AUC of the leptin/adiponectin ratio and leptin/HMW adiponectin ratio was higher for metabolic syndrome. We may suggest that the leptin/HMW adiponectin ratio is not superior to other adipokine markers, but is as effective as the leptin/total adiponectin ratio.     

氧化应激对脂肪细胞脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达的影响

目的 探讨氧化应激对于脂肪细胞因子脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达和分泌的影响.方法 体外培养小鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,并诱导其分化成熟.通过在高糖培养基中加入葡萄糖激酶制作氧化应激模型.分为4个试验组,分为四个试验组,A组:观察不同浓度的葡萄糖激酶对七述脂肪细胞因子的影响;B组:不同浓度的抗氧化应激物N乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)拮抗氧化应激后,对脂肪细胞因子的作用;C组:NAC作用不同时间对抗氧化应激作用的影响;D组:观察氧化应激伴或不伴拮抗效应对脂肪细胞因子的影响.结果 (1)脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素的表达随着葡萄糖激酶浓度的增加呈现浓度依赖性抑制,其中脂联素和瘦素的这种效应更为明显[葡萄糖激酶浓度25 U/L时,脂联素水平达(6.94±0.07)ng/L,瘦素水平达(0.64±0.11)ng/L,与空白对照组相比,均P<0.01];(2)随着NAC作用持续时间的延长,脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达增加[NAC作用16 h,脂联素水平达(19.22±0.27)ng/L,瘦素水平达(2.95±0.22)ng/L,与空白对照组相比,均P<0.01];(3)在同一葡萄糖激酶浓度下(25 U/L),随着NAC浓度的增加,脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达旱现浓度依赖性增加(与空白对照组相比,NAC 25 mmol/L组脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素t值分别为6.88、6.96、4.52、3.15,均P<0.05);(4)与空白对照组相比,NAC作用组的脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达明显增加,葡萄糖激酶作用组脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和内脏脂肪素表达明显减少.结论 氧化应激对于脂肪细胞因子的表达有明显影响,对抗氧化应激可改善这种作用.此作用可能是氧化应激参与胰岛索抵抗和代谢功能紊乱的机制之一.     

Role of RAAS and adipokines in cardiovascular protection: effect of different doses of angiotensin II receptor blocker on adipokines level in hypertensive patients

The present study was designed to determine the effect of different doses of the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), candesartan, on circulating adiponectin and leptin levels as well as leptin adiponectin ratio (LAR) in hypertensive patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.Sixty-nine hypertensive patients were randomized to three groups: group 1 included patients treated with high doses of Candesartan (32 mg); group 2 included patients treated with conventional doses of Candesartan (16 mg); and group 3 included patients that received antihypertensive treatment other than ARBs or angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. Patients were evaluated for lipid profile, HbA1C, insulin, C-peptide, c-reactive protein, aldosterone, renin, Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, leptin, adiponectin and LAR. Baseline adiponectin, leptin, and LAR levels did not differ significantly between the three groups. After 6 months of treatment, LAR was significantly higher in group 3 than group 1 (P = .007) or group 2 (P = .023). Differences between effects of high (32 mg) and conventional doses (16 mg) of Candesartan on LAR were not observed (P = .678). Marginal across-group differences were detected for posttreatment circulating adiponectin level (P = .064). Univariate general linear model (GLM) analysis of posttreatment LAR detected significant by-group differences even after adjustment for age, gender, baseline values of LAR, and blood pressure. In this model, group was the only significant predictor of LAR after controlling for these variables. Treatment with high doses of the ARB, candesartan, is associated with significantly reduced LAR and marginally increased circulating adiponectin levels in hypertensive patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors.     

超重人群血清网膜素-1水平的变化及其影响因素

目的 探讨超重人群血清网膜素-1水平的变化及其影响因素.方法 选择超重组29例,正常体重组21例,检测腰围（WC）、血糖、血脂、血清网膜素-1、脂联素及瘦素水平,计算腰臀比（WHR）、体重指数（BMI）、脂联素与瘦素的比值,并分析网膜素-1与各指标之间的关系.结果 与正常体重组相比,超重组血清网膜素-1、脂联素水平及脂联素/瘦素的比值明显降低,而瘦素水平升高（P均〈0.05）.相关性分析显示,血清网膜素-1水平与WC（r=-0.27,P〈0.05）、BMI（r=-0.36,P〈0.05）呈显著负相关,与脂联素呈显著正相关（r=0.29,P〈0.05）.结论 超重人群血清网膜素-1水平降低,血清网膜素-1可能在肥胖的发生发展中起一定的作用.     

综合干预对代谢综合征患者的疗效及血清脂肪细胞因子水平的影响

目的观察饮食、运动及药物综合干预对代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome,MS）患者的疗效及其对患者血清瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素水平影响。方法通过体检,纳入深圳市慢性病防治院＂慢性病管理数据库＂中的56例MS患者,随机分为综合干预组（n=30）及单纯药物干预组（n=26）。综合干预组给予饮食、运动及药物综合干预措施;单纯药物干预组给予药物干预治疗。两组患者分别于干预前、干预3个月、6个月末检测体重指数、血压、血糖、血脂及血清瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素水平,干预3个月、6个月末评价MS患者达标控制率,并对两组指标进行比较分析。结果两组患者干预后BMI、血糖、血脂、血压指标均有改善,但综合干预组改善效果更显著。综合干预组患者干预3个月及6个月后达标控制率分别为83.3%及93.3%,显著高于同时间段单纯药物干预组患者的达标控制率（73.1%及80.8%）,并有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。单纯药物干预组瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素水平在干预前、及干预3个月、6个月均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;综合干预组干预3个月、6个月后瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素水平与干预前水平比较,及干预3个月与6个月时水平比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组患者在干预6个月后瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素水平比较,也有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论饮食、运动及药物综合干预措施能有效改善MS患者血清瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素水平,提高MS患者症状的达标控制率。     

Resistin is not associated with insulin sensitivity or the metabolic syndrome in humans

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to further elucidate the relationship between resistin and insulin sensitivity, body fat distribution and the metabolic syndrome in humans.Methods We measured plasma resistin levels in 177 non-diabetic subjects (75 male, 102 female; age 32–75 years). BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), adiponectin and leptin levels were also measured. The insulin sensitivity index (S_I) was quantified using Bergmans minimal model. Intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and subcutaneous fat (SQF) areas were quantified by CT scan. Presence of metabolic syndrome criteria was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.Results When subjects were divided into categories based on BMI (< or 27.5 kg/m²) and S_I (< or 7×10^–5 min^–1 [pmol/l]^–1), resistin levels did not differ between the lean, insulin-sensitive (n=53, 5.36±0.3 ng/ml), lean, insulin-resistant (n=67, 5.70±0.4 ng/ml) and obese, insulin-resistant groups (n=48, 5.94±0.4 ng/ml; ANOVA p=0.65). Resistin correlated with age (r=–0.22, p<0.01), BMI (r=0.16, p=0.03) and SQF (r=0.19, p=0.01) but not with S_I (p=0.31) or IAF (p=0.52). Resistin did not correlate with the number of metabolic syndrome criteria or any of the individual metabolic syndrome criteria. In contrast, adiponectin, PAI-1 and leptin each correlated with IAF, SQF and S_I. Additionally, the number of metabolic syndrome criteria correlated with adiponectin (r=–0.32, p<0.001), leptin (r=0.31, p<0.001) and PAI-1 (r=0.26, p=0.001).Conclusions/interpretation In contrast to other adipokines, resistin is only weakly associated with body fat and is unlikely to be a major mediator of insulin resistance or the metabolic syndrome in humans.     

Possible implications of leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin in the regulation of energy homeostasis by thyroid hormone

Thyroid hormone plays a critical role in energy homeostasis through mechanisms, which are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated possible alterations of important energy regulators such as leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin in relation to changes in thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormone (250 μg/kg) was administered in male Wistar rats for 2 weeks (THYR), while hypothyroidism (HYPO) was induced by propylthiouracil administration (0.05% in drinking water) for 3 weeks. Untreated animals served as controls (NORM). Leptin and adiponectin were measured in plasma by ELISA, while total ghrelin was measured with RIA. Body weight was significantly reduced both in THYR and HYPO rats, while food intake was significantly increased in THYR and decreased in HYPO. This response was associated with various changes in leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin in plasma. In fact, in THYR rats, leptin levels (mean ± SEM) were 240 ± 55 pg/ml as compared to 819 ± 70 pg/ml in untreated rats (P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in ghrelin and adiponectin. In HYPO rats, leptin levels were 1400 ± 200 pg/ml vs. 819 ± 70 pg/ml in untreated rats (P < 0.05), while ghrelin and adiponectin were significantly increased in HYPO rats as compared to untreated rats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, T₃ and T₄ levels were inversely correlated to leptin (P = 0.014), while ghrelin and adiponectin were inversely correlated to weight changes (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively). In conclusion, leptin seems mainly to be involved in the thyroid hormone effects on energy homeostasis. Ghrelin and adiponectin may serve a compensatory physiological role in hypothyroidism.