Experience with high-dose immunosuppressive therapy followed by transplantation of autologous stem hematopoietic cells in patients with multiple sclerosis

AIM: To assess efficiency of immunosuppressive therapy and subsequent autologous transplantation of stem blood cells (SBC) in patients with multiple sclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial enrolled 23 patients (4 men and 19 women) with multiple sclerosis (MS) lasting for 3 to 12 years. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 44 years. The index of the progression was above 1 in all the patients. A remitting, primary-progredient, secondary-progredient course was diagnosed in 3, 3 and 17 patients, respectively. Posttransplantation follow-up was 1 to 1.5 years. The degree of the neurological deficiency (0-6 scores) was estimated by the scale of functional systems damage. Lymphocyte subpopulations were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay according to expression of membrane antigens CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD20, CD25, CD56, CD95 using monoclonal antibodies ICO (Biomedspectr), humoral immunity--by serum levels of IgA, IgM and IgG. SBC mobilization was conducted for 5 days by subcutaneous introduction of neipogen (Roche) in a dose 8.7-10 mcg/kg. Preparation of SBC was made on Haemonetics blood separator on mobilization day 4-5. Cryopreservation was carried out in programmed freezer (Cryomed) with 7% dimethylsulphoxide as a cryoprotector. Pretransplantation conditioning was conducted according to the schemes BEAM + antilymphocytic globulin (protocol N 1) and fludar + melfalan + ALG (protocol N 2). RESULTS: In posttransplantation period most of the patients achieved a fall in intensity of motor and coordination disorders. No recovery of cranial nerve function was observed. The protocols of pretransplantation preparation were compared by efficiency and organic toxicity. CONCLUSION: Indications to immunosuppressive therapy in MS patients were defined, pathogenetic validation of the immunosuppressive therapy was attempted.     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗淋巴瘤的进展

背景:自体造血干细胞移植是治疗淋巴瘤的积极有效方案。目的:综述自体造血干细胞移植治疗淋巴瘤的研究进展。方法:应用计算机检索2000-01/2011-08PudMed、CNKI数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库及中华医学会数字期刊数据库及Google网络数据库自体造血干细胞移植治疗淋巴瘤的相关文章,检索词为"autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,lymphoma,自体造血干细胞移植,淋巴瘤"。共检索到文献371篇,最终纳入符合标准的文献31篇。结果与结论:自体造血干细胞移植自20世纪80年代兴起以来,成千上万的淋巴瘤患者获益。其移植前的治疗从最初以单纯大剂量放化疗作为预处理方案发展到联合利妥昔单抗甚至联合同位素标记的单抗作为预处理方案;利妥昔单抗也从仅作为预处理前的净化用药发展到利妥昔单抗在移植前后长期序贯用药。但是无论移植前后的治疗如何进展改变,自体造血干细胞移植为患者备份造血系统,促进患者在接受大剂量的预处理后造血系统功能快速恢复的本质作用始终没有发生改变。随着研究的进一步发展,自体造血干细胞移植将成为淋巴瘤治疗的重要方案。     

Critical issues on high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation in breast cancer patients

Introduction: High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (AHPCT) for high-risk (HR) or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is no longer an option.

Areas covered: An expert panel including medical oncologists and hematologists produce an opinion paper on the use of HDC and AHPCT in BC patients and they explain why they believe that; despite inconclusive results thus far, this treatment should have an ongoing role in breast cancer management under clinical trials.

Expert opinion: HDC with AHPCT has become a safe treatment modality and an advantage in disease-free survival has been observed in most of the studies with HDC, with the caveat that today, even a limited relapse-free survival and progression-free survival benefit is sufficient for the approval of new antineoplastic agents. Moreover, in HRBC, an overall survival benefit by HDC could be achieved in the HER2-ve and triple-negative populations and, in this setting, HDC with AHPCT represents a therapeutic option that can be proposed to well-informed patients. In MBC, the HDC approach should be investigated further in selected patients with HER2-ve, chemosensitive disease. This paper is not intended to give any conclusion, but rather to open a debate on the value of HDC in HR and MBC.     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗恶性淋巴瘤后大剂量白细胞介素2过继免疫对长期生存的影响

背景:过继免疫治疗是目前肿瘤免疫治疗的热点,白细胞介素2是一种具有多种生物学活性的细胞因子,在机体的抗肿瘤免疫中起到重要作用.目的:评价比较淋巴瘤自体造血干细胞移植治疗后应用与不应用大剂量白介素2行免疫治疗的临床疗效.方法:回顾分析30例恶性淋巴瘤患者(治疗组)自体造血干细胞移植后行大剂量白细胞介素2 治疗,与随机挑选30例患者(对照组)自体造血干细胞移植后未行白细胞介素2治疗进行对比,检测两组患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,观察两组免疫功能的变化,并对所有患者进行随访观察.结果与结论:自体造血干细胞移植后白细胞介素2治疗组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平明显提升.随访结束时统计复发率:治疗组13.3%,对照组26.7%;中位生存期:治疗组14~98 (42±2)个月,对照组8~78 (28±2)个月.提示恶性淋巴瘤自体造血干细胞移植后行大剂量白细胞介素2治疗能提高患者的免疫功能,减少移植后复发率,并有望延长生存期.     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗恶性淋巴瘤后大剂量白细胞介素2过继免疫对长期生存的影响

背景：过继免疫治疗是目前肿瘤免疫治疗的热点,白细胞介素2是一种具有多种生物学活性的细胞因子,在机体的抗肿瘤免疫中起到重要作用。目的：评价比较淋巴瘤自体造血干细胞移植治疗后应用与不应用大剂量白介素2行免疫治疗的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析30例恶性淋巴瘤患者（治疗组）自体造血干细胞移植后行大剂量白细胞介素2治疗,与随机挑选30例患者（对照组）自体造血干细胞移植后未行白细胞介素2治疗进行对比,检测两组患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,观察两组免疫功能的变化,并对所有患者进行随访观察。结果与结论：自体造血干细胞移植后白细胞介素2治疗组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3＋、CD4＋、CD8＋、CD4＋/CD8＋水平明显提升。随访结束时统计复发率：治疗组13.3%,对照组26.7%;中位生存期：治疗组14～98（42±2）个月,对照组8～78（28±2）个月。提示恶性淋巴瘤自体造血干细胞移植后行大剂量白细胞介素2治疗能提高患者的免疫功能,减少移植后复发率,并有望延长生存期。     

自体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗恶性淋巴瘤的生存预后分析

目的回顾性分析自体外周血造血干细胞移植(APBSCT)治疗恶性淋巴瘤的临床相关指标,以及影响预后的因素。方法收集2012年1月至2013年12月在该院确诊的31例恶性淋巴瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log-Rank法进行单因素分析患者预后。结果 31例患者移植成功,无移植相关死亡;截至随访时间,移植后3年及5年总生存率分别为85.1%和78.5%,3年及5年无进展生存率分别为84.9%和75.5%。单因素预后分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、IPI评分>2~5分、肝脾肿大患者3年生存率明显低于年龄<60岁、IPI评分1~2分,无肝脾肿大患者,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论恶性淋巴瘤患者行APBSCT安全有效,APBSCT可改善患者长期生存率,而年龄、IPI评分、肝脾肿大影响患者预后。     

自体造血干细胞移植不同预处理方案治疗恶性淋巴瘤100例临床观察

本研究比较大剂量化疗联合或不联合大面积照射预处理方案对恶性淋巴瘤(ML)患者行自体造血干细胞移植(AHSCT)的疗效、预后及安全性的影响。回顾性分析1992年9月至2010年8月在解放军307医院行AHSCT的100例ML患者,根据AHSCT预处理方案不同,分为高剂量化疗组和高剂量放、化疗组,分析3、5、10年的总生存(OS)率、无进展生存(PFS)率和不良反应。结果表明,截止至2011年2月,中位随访时间33.5个月,所有患者造血功能均获重建。高剂量化疗组和高剂量放、化疗组患者白细胞计数恢复至1.0×109/L的中位时间为(6.0±0.4)d、(8.2±0.4)d,血小板恢复至20.0×109/L的中位时间为(7.1±0.8)d、(11.4±2.5)d,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。高剂量化疗组和高剂量放、化疗组OS率分别为3年67.3%、68.9%,5年62.8%、60.6%,10年57.6%、56.2%;PFS率分别为3年63.6%、63.2%,5年59.4%、58.3%,10年50.8%、55.3%,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者发热、感染、出血差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:自体移植预处理方案中的高剂量放、化疗组较高剂量化疗组造血重建晚,但两组疗效及预后无统计学差异。     

自体造血干细胞移植联合利妥昔单抗治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤6例(英文)

背景:利妥昔单抗单用或联合CHOP方案化疗治疗CD20阳性非霍奇金淋巴瘤已取得较好疗效,非霍奇金淋巴瘤经自体造血干细胞移植治疗同样可以提高患者的疗效和生存率,而将两种方法联合的效果尚存在争论.目的:探讨自体造血干细胞移植联合利妥昔单抗对CD20阳性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的有效性.方法:对6例CD20阳性非霍奇金淋巴瘤Ⅳ期患者进行自体造血干细胞移植的同时,联合使用利妥昔单抗,分别于移植前给予2～4次,动员和预处理前后各2次,移植后每3个月维持治疗1次,利妥昔单抗用量为 375 mg/m~2静滴.结果与结论:平均采集单个核细胞数为5.13×10~(-8)/kg,CD34~+细胞数为4.75×10~(-6)/kg.6例患者自体造血干细胞移植后,造血功能均恢复顺利,中性粒细胞计数大于0.5×10~(-9)L~(-1)为移植后9～15 d,血小板计数大于20×10~(-9)L~(-1)为移植后12～19 d.6例患者在移植过程中均未发生出血性膀胱炎、间质性肺炎、巨细胞病毒感染和肝静脉阻塞等并发症.利妥昔单抗使用过程中,无发热、寒战、皮疹等不良反应发生.移植后6～32个月,患者均处于完全缓解状态.提示自体造血干细胞移植并利妥昔单抗治疗CD20阳性非霍奇金淋巴瘤是一种较好的方法,可维持治疗效果,有利于防止复发.     

Pharmacokinetics of rituximab associated with CHOP chemotherapy in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

The pharmacokinetics of rituximab administered alone at a dose of 375 mg/m² once a week have been widely studied but few data are available for the administration of rituximab in combination with other agents. We carried out a pilot pharmacokinetic study in 10 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with rituximab associated with chemotherapy on a three-weekly basis. Patients received four courses of rituximab (375 mg/m²) associated with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisone) at 21-day intervals. Blood samples were collected from each patient at selected times throughout the treatment period and analysed using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The nonmem software was used to obtain population and post hoc estimates of rituximab pharmacokinetic parameters and to study possible time-dependent variation during treatment. Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from 10 patients were similar to those described for studies in the absence of chemotherapy. We did not observe any intra-subject variation in pharmacokinetic parameters over the treatment period. Our results suggest that rituximab pharmacokinetics is not affected by combination with CHOP chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the substantial intersubject variability observed in this small sample size highlights the need for further study of the determinants of rituximab pharmacokinetic variability.     

MAG方案对恶性血液病患者造血干细胞动员作用的研究

目的　研究米托蒽醌 (MTZ)联合大剂量阿糖胞苷 (Ara C)、重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG CSF)组成MAG方案对恶性血液病患者外周血干细胞的动员作用。方法　 1995年 12月至2 0 0 3年 4月 ,采用MAG方案对 14例恶性淋巴瘤和 2 9例急性白血病患者外周血干细胞进行动员 ,其用量为MTZ 10mg/m2 ,第 2 ,3天 ;Ara C 2 g/m2 ,每 12h 1次 ,第 1,2天 ;rhG CSF 30 0 μg/d。首先用MA方案联合化疗 ,白细胞 <1.0× 10 9/L时开始用rhG CSF ,白细胞回升时用CS 30 0 0plus或CobeSpectra血细胞分离机采集外周血干细胞。结果　 14例恶性淋巴瘤患者除 1例外周血干细胞采集失败外 ,其余 13例均 1次性采集成功 ,所得单个核细胞 (MNC) (3.91± 2 .70 )× 10 8/kg ,CD34 细胞 (17.79± 12 .90 )× 10 6/kg。采集 2 9例急性白血病患者外周血干细胞平均 2 .13次 ,2 4例采集成功 ,5例采集失败 ,所得MNC (3.6 2± 2 .89)× 10 8/kg ,CD34 细胞 (7.37± 6 .6 0 )× 10 6/kg。rhG CSF平均使用时间为 7d。经MAG方案动员后 ,除 8例患者有胃肠道反应、14例患者骨髓抑制期合并感染外无明显不良反应 ,无动员相关死亡。MAG方案动员后进行微小残留病检测 ,部分病例转为阴性。结论　MAG方案在恶性淋巴瘤和急性白血病患者外周血干细胞动员中安全     

Assessing the charges associated with hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and remobilization in patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma undergoing autologous hematopoietic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to perform a detailed analysis of the charges associated with chemomobilization and remobilization of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and to quantify medical costs and resource utilization associated with these procedures. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with lymphoma underwent chemomobilization with ifosfamide and etoposide with or without rituximab (IE ± R). Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) received a modified hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone (hyper‐CVAD) regimen after failing to mobilize with growth factors only. RESULTS: Between January 2004 and October 2006, 98 patients with lymphoma underwent HSC mobilization with IE ± R. Mobilization with IE ± R was effective, with 90.8% of patients collecting at least 2 × 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg. The total charges for treatment were $27,996 and $37,667 for patients mobilized with IE and IE + R, respectively. Hospital readmission for complications occurred in 26.5% of patients, resulting in additional charges of $10,356. The preapheresis procedure charge was estimated to be $2522, the charge for a 2‐day apheresis session was $5160, and the postapheresis phase resulted in charges of $8040. Our analysis determined that reducing apheresis by 1 day has the potential to save $6600. We also performed a retrospective analysis of 16 patients with MM remobilized with a modified hyper‐CVAD regimen. Remobilization was successful, with 87.5% of patients. Our analysis determined that mobilization, preapheresis, apheresis, and postapheresis phase charges were $24,968, $2522, $6158, and $12,060, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Optimization of HSC mobilization regimens to reduce failure rates would not only benefit patients but also reduce the overall medical costs.     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤

原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)由于发生率较低,不少医生对整体治疗流程中自体造血干细胞移植(ASCT)的作用还不甚了解。大剂量甲氨蝶呤(HD-MTX)为基础的诱导治疗使得PCNSL的早期控制率明显提高,但不少患者缓解深度不够,国际上大型临床研究提示完全缓解(CR)率多低于50%;缓解维持时间短,多在1年内复发。ASCT作为巩固治疗措施应用于初治或复发难治PCNSL使得CR率明显提高,长期无病生存率(PFS)显著提高;初治PCNSL患者长期PFS可达70%,复发难治PCNSL患者长期PFS可达50%。目前的临床实践证实,PCNSL多见于老年人,器官功能状态良好的老年PCNSL患者仍然可以耐受ASCT,并明显获益于ASCT。PCNSL的ASCT预处理方案以含大剂量塞替派的方案为佳,年轻、身体转态较好、前期诱导治疗未获得CR的患者,以预处理强度更强的TBC方案为佳;年龄偏大的患者可以选择TT-BCNU或减量的TBC预处理方案。     

自体外周血干细胞移植联合利妥昔单抗治疗自身免疫性溶血性贫血——附1例报告

目的:探讨自体外周血干细胞移植(autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, APBSCT)联合抗CD20单克隆抗体利妥昔单抗治疗自身免疫性溶血性贫血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia,AIHA)的疗效.方法:对1例激素依赖的AIHA患者进行APBSCT同时联合使用利妥昔单抗.采用环磷酰胺4g/m2联合非格司亭5μg/(kg·d)动员患者的外周血干细胞,然后予环磷酰胺50 mg/(kg·d)共4日,预处理后回输保存的外周血干细胞,共回输单个核细胞2.12×108/kg,CD34 细胞1.48×106/kg,回输后分别于第1日及第8日予利妥昔单抗375 mg/m2行体内净化.结果:移植后患者造血恢复顺利,于第8日中性粒细胞绝对数超过0.5×109/L,第9日血小板超过20×109/L.患者在移植过程中血红蛋白最低降至82g/L,于第16日升至90g/L,网织红细胞降至正常,胆红素恢复正常.随访13个月,造血功能恢复良好,血红蛋白为127g/L,网织红细胞正常,胆红素正常,抗人球蛋白试验转阴,仍在继续随访中.结论:APBSCT联合利妥昔单抗是治疗激素依赖的AIHA的有效方法之一.     

负载自体肿瘤抗原的DC-CIK细胞联合自体造血干细胞移植治疗难治性淋巴瘤的临床研究

目地观察负载自体肿瘤抗原的DC-CIK细胞联合自体造血干细胞移植治疗难治性淋巴瘤的疗效。方法选取难治性淋巴瘤35例,采用MAC预处理方案,用自体淋巴瘤抗原致敏DC-CIK细胞,于移植预处理后5—10d,将DC-CIK细胞回输给患者。结果35例难治性淋巴瘤中,29例完全缓解(82.86%),4例部分缓解(14.43%),移植过程中死亡2例(5.71%)(均死于严重混合性感染)。所有完全缓解和部分缓解病例均随访3—49个月:4名部分缓解患者分别于移植后3、6、10、13个月后病情进展死亡;完全缓解患者中有3人于移植后11、17、20个月再次复发死亡;现存活26例。结论负载自体肿瘤抗原的DC-CIK细胞联合自体造血干细胞移植治疗难治性淋巴瘤高于单纯自体外周血造血干细胞的疗效,且无明显毒副作用。     

Late results of high-dose immunosuppressive therapy with autotransplantation of hematopoietic stem cells in patients with severe refractory systemic lupus erythematosus

The aim of the study was to assess long-term results of high-dose immunosuppressive therapy with autoimplantation of hemopoietic stem cells in patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) resistant to standard immunosuppressive therapy and compare them with the outcome of the two modalities. The study and control groups comprised 15 women each aged 18-55 and 20-55 years respectively. The results were estimated 1 months after the onset of therapy and during the 45 +/- 10.4 (study) and 30 +/- 7.6 (control) month follow-up. Combined treatment resulted in complete remission (SLEDAI below 3) in 6 (40%) and reduced SLE activity in 6 (40%) patients. The effect was absent in 1 (7%) patient, 2 others died. Remission and reduced SLE activity occurred in 1 (7%) and 1 (7%) patients of the control group respectively, 13 (87%) failed to benefit from therapy, and 1 (7%) died. Seven (47%) patients given combined treatment suffered recurrence of SLE, 3 (20%) had complete or partial remission, and 3 died during the long-term follow-up. Five-year survival rate was 80%. None of the patients in the control group showed remission in the late posttreatment period, SLE activity remained unaltered in 8 and progressed in 4; two patients died. Five-year survival rate was 70%. It is concluded that high-dose immunosuppressive therapy with autoimplantation of hemopoietic stem cells is an efficacious tool for the treatment of lupus erythematosus resistant to standard therapy and has advantages over the latter.     

大剂量化/放疗加自体造血干细胞移植治疗鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤疗效和预后分析

目的 分析鼻型NK／T细胞淋巴瘤行大剂量似放疗和自体造血干细胞移植（AHSCT）的疗效及影响预后因素。方法 1992年7月至2005年12月收治的22例经病理形态学诊断为鼻型NK／T细胞淋巴瘤患者，其中13例经免疫组化检测证实。根据AnnArbor进行分期，并按国际预后指数（IPI）进行评分，按有无B症状进行分类。经两周法化疗或化、放疗同步进行的诱导缓解治疗达部分缓解（PR）或完全缓解（CR）后，行大剂量化／放疗和自体骨髓移植或自体外周血干细胞移植，移植后对移植前未行放疗的患者补加放疗。对IPI3～4分的12例高危患者进行巩固化疗，其中1例行巩固性二次移植。结果 中位随访时间为64（12～168）个月。全组总生存（OS）率5年为79．3％、8年为64．1％：无病生存（DFS）率5年为36．4％、8年为27．3％。临床Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者5年OS率为90．0％，Ⅲ～Ⅳ期者为70．0％；无B症状患者5年OS率为100．0％，有B症状者为70．7％；IPI1—2分患者5年OS率为100．0％．3～4分者为60．0％，组间比较，差异均有统计学意义（P值分别为0．041、0．045和0．035）。多因素回归分析显示，临床分期、B症状和IPI是影响鼻型NK／T细胞淋巴瘤预后的相关因素。结论 对有预后不良因素的鼻型NK／T细胞淋巴瘤经化疗或放、化疗同步进行的诱导缓解治疗达到PR或CR后，行大剂量化／放疗和AHSCT治疗可提高疗效。     

The efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy and the transplantation of autologous hemopoietic cells in lymphogranulomatosis

AIM: To determine clinical effectiveness of high-dose polychemotherapy (PCT) and transplantation of autologous hemopoietic cells (TAHC) in patients with lymphogranulomatosis (LGM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 27 LGM patients aged 16-42 years who have undergone TAHC after high-dose PCT (BEAM--17 patients or CBV--10 patients). 4 patients given high-dose PCT were in the first-second complete remission (CR), 7 patients--in the first partial remission (PR). Prior to TAHC, 8 patients had one, two and more relapses of LGM, and 8 patients had no remission at all. Bone marrow, hemopoietic blood cells and both were transplanted to 17, 2 and 8 patients, respectively. Mobilization of hemopoietic blood cells and stimulation of hemopoiesis after TAHC were achieved using colony-stimulating factors. RESULTS: The treatment resulted in CR or PR (from 6 to 95 months) in 70.4% of patients. The remission duration varied depending on the disease phase at transplantation. Four patients who underwent TAHC in PR maintained it for 13-95 months (median 47.5 months). Lasting remissions (29-59 months) were achieved in 42.9 and 37.5% of patients who underwent TAHC in the first PR or in recurrent LGM. None of the patients was in remission longer than 2 years after TAHC if high-dose PCT was conducted in advanced tumor process due to resistant LGM or inadequate previous treatment. Infectious complications lethality early after the transplantation reached 7.4%(2 patients). CONCLUSION: High-dose PCT followed by TAHC is effective in LGM if the tumor is chemosensitive.     

The role of high-dose chemotherapy supported by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: implications for nursing

Multiple myeloma (MM), a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells originating from the B-cell line, is associated with deleterious complications and poor outcomes. The failure of conventional combination chemotherapies to improve the overall survival of patients with MM has led to the use of high-dose chemotherapy supported by stem cell transplantation (SCT). Although several novel therapies have emerged since the late 1990s, their survival benefits are undetermined. High-dose chemotherapy with SCT provides better response rates compared to conventional chemotherapy and yields a trend toward greater survival benefits, especially with the use of a tandem (two successive) transplantation strategy. This article discusses standard SCT in patients with MM and some of the new transplantation strategies, including tandem autologous SCTs and reduced-intensity nonmyeloablative allogeneic SCT, and their implications for nursing.     

Oral status of patients submitted to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Purpose

Oral infection may be a source of bacteremia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between patients with poor periodontal status and complications after HSCT.

Methods

A cohort of patients with hematological malignancies candidates for autologous HSCT was observed before and during the neutropenic phase of HSCT. A primary evaluation was performed before the HSCT procedure, including medical and socio-demographic data and physical examination (number of teeth and decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT), oral mucosa, and full mouth periodontal assessment). During the neutropenic phase, data regarding the development of febrile neutropenia, bacteremia, and mucositis were also prospectively obtained.

Results

Forty-eight patients were included. The most common baseline disease was multiple myeloma (70 %). In the primary evaluations, the median DMFT was 13 (ranging 0–27), and periodontitis and gingivitis were present in 29 and 60 % of the patients, respectively. During the neutropenic phase of HSCT, fever occurred in 96 % of patients, and bacteremia was documented in 29 %. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common isolated bacteria. Patients who developed bacteremia had a higher frequency of oral disorders compared with those without bacteremia, but it was not statistically significant. Oral mucositis affected 89.6 % of the patients, and patients with gingivitis or periodontal disorders had a high frequency of mucositis.

Conclusions

The prevalence of oral pathologic conditions previous to HSCT procedures was very high in the studied population. A possible association was noted between previous gingivitis and the development of mucositis during the neutropenia of HSCT.