ICU获得性衰弱的危险因素以及对患者近远期预后的影响

目的探讨ICU获得性衰弱(ICU-acquired weakness,ICU-AW)对重症患者病死率和远期生理功能的影响。方法便利抽样选择2014年12月至2016年5月之间入住江油市第二人民医院重症医学科并符合条件的276例患者为研究对象,根据有无ICU-AW分为ICU-AW组和非ICU-AW组。记录两组患者近远期死亡例数,并对幸存者应用SF-36健康调查量表进行生理功能评估。结果与非ICU-AW组相比,ICU-AW组的年龄较大,急性生理与慢性健康(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation,APACHE II)评分较高,感染性疾病较多,机械通气时间和ICU入住时间较长,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);且ICU-AW组近期病死率高于非ICU-AW组(P0.05),而远期病死率两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);出院后6个月ICU-AW组生理功能评分低于非ICU-AW组(P0.05)。结论 ICU获得性衰弱对重症患者的近远期预后均有影响,需要积极地采取措施对ICU-AW进行预防和治疗。     

自制床尾式主动下肢锻炼仪的设计与应用

正随着重症医学的发展,危重症患者救治水平显著提升,同时对重症患者并发症的认知程度也不断提高。1993年,Rasmay提出了ICU获得性衰弱(ICU-acquired weakness,ICU-AW)的概念,认为由神经肌肉功能紊乱导致的ICUAW是重症患者的常见并发症。ICU-AW的发病率25%~100%,其临床表现主要为轻瘫或四肢瘫痪、反射减少、肌肉萎     

ICU获得性衰弱干预策略的研究现状

正重症医学的不断发展和医疗技术的日益进步以及先进监护治疗手段的逐步推广,在降低危重症患者病死率、有效提高危重患者抢救成功率的同时,客观上促使入住ICU的患者不断增多。由于病情或治疗等因素的影响,导致了ICU获得性衰弱(Intensive Care Unit acquired weakness,ICU-AW)的发病率也随之增长[1]。目前对ICU获得性衰弱干预措施的研究主要包括早期康复、血     

两种不同解除约束方案对降低ICU获得性衰弱发生率的影响研究

目的探讨两种不同的解除约束方案对降低重症监护病房(Intensive care unit,ICU)患者ICU获得性衰弱(Intensive care unit acquired weakness, ICU-AW)发生率的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取我院ICU收治的需实施身体约束的气管插管患者196例,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,对照组98例,应用常规解除约束方案;观察组98例,应用基于ICU约束决策轮制定的解除约束方案,比较两组患者的ICU-AW发生率、约束时间、约束并发症及非计划性拔管发生率。结果观察组患者的ICU-AW发生率为29.59%,对照组为43.88%;非计划性拔管发生率观察组为1.02%,对照组为4.08%。观察组的ICU-AW发生率、身体约束并发症、平均约束时间及身体约束率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组患者的非计划性拔管发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基于ICU约束决策轮的解除约束方案应用于ICU气管插管患者可降低身体约束率,缩短约束时间,降低ICU-AW发生率,减少身体约束损伤,同时不增加非计划性拔管发生率。     

ICU获得性衰弱评估工具研究新进展

正ICU获得性衰弱(acquired weakness in ICU,ICU-AW)是重症患者常见的获得性神经肌肉功能障碍,是ICU较为严重的并发症之一。目前,ICU-AW的发病机制不清楚,临床上尚无有效的药理学方法治疗ICU-AW[1],因此对于ICU-AW的预防就显得极为重要。既往ICU医护人员关注点多集中于危重患者的抢救与治疗,较少关注ICU-AW的相     

早期渐进性运动对重症监护室脑出血患者ICU获得性衰弱的影响

摘要：目的 探讨早期渐进性运动对重症监护室（intensive care unit, ICU）脑出血机械通气患者ICU获得性衰弱（ICU-acquired weakness,ICU-AW）的影响。方法 纳入2015年3月至2017年3月我院ICU收治的148例脑出血机械通气患者为对象,随机均分为两组,各74例。对照组接受常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上接受早期渐进性运动护理。比较两组干预后肌力、巴氏指数评分、功能独立性水平,机械通气时间、呼吸机过渡时间、入住ICU及住院总时间,并发症发生情况。结果,干预后,观察组MRC-score和巴氏指数评分均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组能独立完成沐浴、穿衣、吃饭、修饰、从床转移到椅子、如厕的患者占比均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组机械通气、入住ICU时间及住院总时间均显著短于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组ICU-AW发生率及并发症总发生率均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 早期渐进性运动能够有效改善ICU机械通气脑出血患者神经肌肉功能,降低ICU-AW风险,提升生活自理能力,缩短恢复时间,有较好的临床应用价值。     

老年重症社区获得性肺炎入住ICU患者血清PCT、CRP治疗前后变化的临床意义

目的观察在老年重症社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia,CAP)入住ICU患者血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、C反应蛋白(creactive protein,CRP)在治疗前后变化的临床意义。方法收集某院老年重症社区获得性肺炎入住ICU患者45例,并选取同期与之相匹配的未入住ICU老年重症社区获得性肺炎患者75例,分别检测两组患者血清PCT、CR P水平,比较两组患者入院时血清PCT、CR P变化。进一步将老年重症社区获得性肺炎入住ICU患者分为生存活组和死亡组,两组经过标准抗炎、化痰等综合治疗1周后,比较两组治疗前、治疗后第3天、第7天时患者血清PCT、CRP水平的变化。结果与未入住ICU老年重症社区获得性肺炎患者相比,老年重症社区获得性肺炎入住ICU患者PCT、CRP的浓度均明显升高(P0.05)。老年重症社区获得性肺炎入住ICU患者中,死亡组的血清PCT、CRP的浓度明显高于存活组(P0.05)。老年重症社区获得性肺炎入住ICU患者中,死亡组患者治疗前后相比,治疗前、治疗后第3天的血清PCT、CRP水平与治疗后第7天相比明显增高,其中治疗后第3天最高(P0.05);存活组患者治疗后第3天、第7天血清PCT、CRP水平较治疗前明显下降,其中治疗后第7天下降更为显著(P0.05);通过Wald检验分析发现,校正后血清PCT浓度每升高50 ng/mL,死亡发生风险增加1.324倍,血清CR P浓度每升高50 mg/L,死亡发生风险增高1.310倍。结论血清PCT、CR P水平与老年重症社区获得性肺炎的严重程度相关,同时,老年重症社区获得性肺炎入住ICU患者与患者治疗后预后情况存在相关性,可以指导临床诊治。     

渐进性运动对ICU脑出血机械通气患者的影响

目的:探讨渐进性运动对ICU脑出血机械通气患者的影响。方法:将2015年1月~2016年12月84例ICU脑出血机械通气患者随机分为对照组和观察组各42例。对照组实施常规护理模式,观察组在对照组基础上实施渐进性运动护理。比较两组干预后肌力、巴氏评分、功能独立性水平、6 min步行距离、机械通气时间、呼吸机过渡时间、入住ICU时间、住院总时间及并发症发生情况。结果:观察组干预后肌力、巴氏评分、功能独立性水平均高于对照组(P0.05),6 min步行距离长于对照组(P0.05),机械通气、住院总时间短于对照组(P0.05),ICU获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:将渐进性运动应用于ICU脑出血机械通气患者的护理中,能够增加其肌力,提高生活自理能力,改善功能独立性,降低ICU-AW发生风险。     

27例重症急性胰腺炎患者预防ICU获得性衰弱的护理

目的 总结27例重症急性胰腺炎患者预防ICU获得性衰弱的护理经验。方法 患者入住ICU 24 h后开展早期活动,运动前加强病情评估,根据患者肌力情况给予被动运动八步操、主动八步操锻炼、搭桥运动、床上坐起及呼吸操锻炼、床边坐位及日常生活锻炼,运动中辅予音乐疗法,按渐进型功能锻炼原则,保证运动安全,预防ICU获得性衰弱发生。结果 本组20例患者肌力评估正常,未发生ICU获得性衰弱,住院20~45 d临床痊愈出院,4例患者因多脏器功能衰竭救治无效死亡。2例患者因经济原因放弃治疗出院,1例患者转上级医院救治。结论 对重症急性胰腺炎患者给予渐进型功能锻炼的方法可有效预防患者ICU-AW发生。     

ICU获得性衰弱的干预研究现状

ICU获得性衰弱(Intensive Care Unit acquired weakness,ICU-AW)是重症患者常见的并发症。多项研究显示,机械通气大于4～7d的患者出现ICU-AW可达33%～82%[1-4]。在ICU中,医护工作者不仅要注重患者的循环、呼吸、肾脏等功能维护,     

Outcome and functional capacity after prolonged intensive care unit stay

BACKGROUND: An important proportion of critically ill patients who survives their acute illness remains in a critical state requiring intensive care management for weeks to months. Nevertheless, data on risk factors for in-hospital mortality and especially for long-term mortality and functional capacity are scarce. This study investigated outcome and prognostic factors in long-term critically ill patients. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study was performed at our mixed adult 8-bed cardiologic ICU at a 2200-bed University Hospital. Patient data from our local database connected to an Austrian multicenter program for quality assurance in intensive care were analyzed. Data were collected between March 1(st), 1998 and December 31(st), 2003. Patients with an ICU stay > or =30 days formed the long-term study group. Morbidity and functional capacity were assessed using the Barthel mobility index in telephone interviews. RESULTS: Patients spending > or =30 days in the ICU numbered 135 (10%) and occupied 5962 bed-days, representing 40.9% of the total bed-days. Compared with patients with an ICU stay <30 days, patients in the long-term group had a significantly higher SAPS II score during the first 24 hours after ICU admission (54 [IQR 41-65] vs. 38 [IQR 27-56], p < 0.001). There was a trend towards male preponderance in the long-term group (98/135 [82.6%] vs. 782/1215 [64.4%], p = 0.05). Differences in ICU and in-hospital mortality were not significant (28/135 (20.7%) vs. 295/1215 (24.3%), p = 0.620 and 46/135 [34.1%] vs. 360/1215 [29.6%], p = 0.285, respectively). After 12 and 48 months, the overall cumulative rates of death in hospital survivors were 14% and 26%, respectively in the short-term ICU group and 31% and 61% in the long-term group. A log-rank test revealed a significantly higher probability of survival in the short-term group after hospital discharge (log rank = 34.3, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of hospital survivors and non-survivors in the long-term group showed that the need for renal replacement therapy during the ICU stay was the sole independent predictor for in-hospital death and death within 1 year after ICU discharge (OR = 2.88; 95%CI 1.12-7.41, p = 0.028 and OR = 3.66, 95%CI 1.36-9.83, p = 0.01, respectively). In 28/31 long-term survivors (90%) in the long-term ICU group, the Barthel index indicated no or only moderate disability during daily activities. CONCLUSION: Hospital mortality rates in critically ill patients with a stay <30 or > or =30 days were comparable. The necessity for renal replacement therapy was the sole independent predictor for in-hospital and 1-year mortality in long-term ICU patients. Critically ill patients with a stay > or =30 days have a high and ongoing risk of death after hospital discharge; however, a substantial number of these patients are long-term survivors with no or only moderate disability during daily activities.     

Clinical predictive value of manual muscle strength testing during critical illness: an observational cohort study

Introduction

Impaired skeletal muscle function has important clinical outcome implications for survivors of critical illness. Previous studies employing volitional manual muscle testing for diagnosing intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) during the early stages of critical illness have only provided limited data on outcome. This study aimed to determine inter-observer agreement and clinical predictive value of the Medical Research Council sum score (MRC-SS) test in critically ill patients.

Methods

Study 1: Inter-observer agreement for ICU-AW between two clinicians in critically ill patients within ICU (n = 20) was compared with simulated presentations (n = 20). Study 2: MRC-SS at awakening in an unselected sequential ICU cohort was used to determine the clinical predictive value (n = 94) for outcomes of ICU and hospital mortality and length of stay.

Results

Although the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for MRC-SS in the ICU was 0.94 (95% CI 0.85–0.98), κ statistic for diagnosis of ICU-AW (MRC-SS <48/60) was only 0.60 (95% CI 0.25–0.95). Agreement for simulated weakness presentations was almost complete (ICC 1.0 (95% CI 0.99–1.0), with a κ statistic of 1.0 (95% CI 1.0–1.0)). There was no association observed between ability to perform the MRC-SS and clinical outcome and no association between ICU-AW and mortality. Although ICU-AW demonstrated limited positive predictive value for ICU (54.2%; 95% CI 39.2–68.6) and hospital (66.7%; 95% CI 51.6–79.6) length of stay, the negative predictive value for ICU length of stay was clinically acceptable (88.2%; 95% CI 63.6–98.5).

Conclusions

These data highlight the limited clinical applicability of volitional muscle strength testing in critically ill patients. Alternative non-volitional strategies are required for assessment and monitoring of muscle function in the early stages of critical illness.     

Association between weight change and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients

Purpose

Body weight fluctuates daily throughout a patient’s stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to a variety of factors, including fluid balance, nutritional status, type of acute illness, and presence of comorbidities. This study investigated the association between change in body weight and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients during short-term hospitalization in the ICU.

Methods

All patients admitted to the Gyeongsang National University hospital between January 2010 and December 2011 who met the inclusion criteria of age 18 or above and ICU hospitalization for at least 2 days were prospectively enrolled in this study. Body weight was measured at admission and daily thereafter using a bed scale. Univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with mortality and the association between changes in body weight and clinical outcomes, including duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) use, length of ICU stay, and ICU mortality.

Results

Of the 140 patients examined, 33 died during ICU hospitalization, yielding an ICU mortality rate of 23.6%. Non-survivors experienced higher rates of severe sepsis and septic shock and greater weight gain than survivors on days 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of ICU hospitalization (P < .05). Increase of body weight on days 2 through 7 on ICU admission was correlated with the longer stay of ICU, and increase on days 3 through 7 on ICU admission was correlated with the prolonged use of mechanical ventilation. Increase of body weight on days 3 through 5 on ICU admission was associated with ICU mortality.

Conclusions

Increase in body weight of critically ill patients may be correlated with duration of mechanical ventilation use and longer stay of ICU hospitalization and be associated with ICU mortality.     

Quality of life of elderly patients after treatment in the ICU

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment on quality of life (QOL) outcomes for critically ill elderly patients 4-6 months after ICU discharge. A mean overall score of 21.4 (SD=6.3) was obtained with the Quality of Life Index (Ferrans & Powers, 1985), indicating that all the ICU survivors in the sample (N=164) reported good QOL and were satisfied with areas of life that were important to them. Greater social support, better perceived health status, fewer days of hospitalization, and a hospital readmission since discharge were associated with higher QOL (R2=.51). This sample of elderly ICU survivors maintained a good QOL after their critical illness regardless of age.     

基于4E模式的ICU早期康复方案在机械通气患者中的应用

目的:分析基于4E模式的ICU早期康复方案在机械通气患者中的应用效果。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取某医院2个ICU病区收治的74例患者为研究对象,ICU一区患者为实验组(n=38),ICU二区患者为对照组(n=36)。对照组接受常规康复护理,实验组接受基于4E模式的ICU早期康复方案。结果:两组患者在ICU谵妄发生率、谵妄持续时间、医学研究理事会肌力评分、ICU获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)发生率、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间等方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在实施过程中,实验组患者未发生早期康复相关的严重不良事件。结论:对机械通气患者实施基于4E模式的ICU早期康复方案安全可行且有效,可改善患者肌力,降低ICU-AW及ICU谵妄发生率,缩短ICU谵妄持续时间、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间与总住院时间。     

The relationship between physician case volume and in-hospital mortality of critically ill children with a diagnosis of pneumonia: A cross-sectional observational analytical study

Purpose

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between physician case volume and the outcomes of critically ill children with pneumonia.

Materials and methods

This is a population-based cohort study analyzed data provided from by the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, 2006-2009. Children (aged 3 months to 17 years) having records of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and a diagnosis of pneumonia were included. A total of 9754 critically ill children and 1042 attending physicians were enrolled. The children were assigned to 1 of 4 groups based on the physician's pneumonia case volume.

Results

The patients in the very high case volume group had a significantly lower length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality rate, and hospitalization expenses, and a significantly higher ratio of ICU to hospital stays than the other 3 groups (P < .001). The probability of death tended to be lower when the physician's case volume was higher. The risk-adjusted odds ratio for in-hospital mortality of very-high case volume group was 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.65; P < .001) compared to low case volume group.

Conclusions

A higher physician's pneumonia case volume is associated with a lower length of hospital stay, lower in-hospital mortality rate, and lower hospitalization expenses among critically ill children with pneumonia.     

Pediatric intensive care: factors that influence outcome

Four hundred sixty-one consecutive admissions to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) were evaluated using the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS). Patients requiring an increased level of care, defined as TISS points greater than or equal to 10, accounted for 75% of patient days in the ICU. Within this group, the primary reason for admission to the ICU was congenital heart disease, trauma, malignancy, respiratory failure, and sepsis. Survival was inversely related to TISS points, through TISS itself could not differentiate between survivors and nonsurvivors. The mortality rates for children who had a congenital malformation, a cardiac arrest before admission, or who developed acute failure secondary to other disease processes were significantly increased. Comparison of critically ill children and adults using TISS showed mortality rates that were similar. Assuming that the cost of intensive care is related to both seriousness of illness (assessed by TISS) and length of hospitalization, in this pediatric population the cost of hospitalization was not disproportionately high for nonsurvivors compared to survivors. Reduction in mortality rates in a PICU population will be dependent on factors largely uncontrollable buy ICU practitioners. This will come about by reduction in the numbers of congenital malformations and the prevention of childhood trauma.     

Severity of illness and outcome of treatment in alcoholic patients in the intensive care unit

To study whether critically ill alcoholics were more sick and had a worse outcome than other patients treated in the intensive care unit, data were collected during the initial 24 h on 216 consecutive patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Twentysix patients (12%) met the criteria for alcohol abuse. The patients' chronic health 6 months prior to admission and the extent of physiological derangement (Acute Physiology Score and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)) were recorded just as the type and amount of treatment (Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS)). Alcoholics were found to be significantly more sick and had a higher mortality (50% compared to 26%) than other critically ill patients. However, when analyzing the TISS points, no difference was found between the two groups. All survivors were, every third month up to 1 year after admission, asked to fill in a questionnaire indicating their level of activity. No differences were found between the two groups 1 year after admission, but the alcoholics had lost more time due to death. It is concluded that studies with larger number of patients will reveal whether alcogolics constitute a special category of patients with a different prognosis than other ICU patients.     

Critical Care in the Emergency Department A Physiologic Assessment and Outcome Evaluation

OBJECTIVES: The changing landscape of health care in this country has seen an increase in the delivery of care to critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED). However, methodologies to assess care and outcomes similar to those used in the intensive care unit (ICU) are currently lacking in this setting. This study examined the impact of ED intervention on morbidity and mortality using the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS). METHODS: This was a prospective, observational cohort study over a three-month period. Critically ill adult patients presenting to a large urban ED and requiring ICU admission were enrolled. APACHE II, SAPS II, and MODS scores and predicted mortality were obtained at ED admission, ED discharge, and 24, 48, and 72 hours in the ICU. In-hospital mortality was recorded. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients aged 64 +/- 18 years were enrolled during the study period, with a 30.9% in-hospital mortality. The ED length of stay was 5.9 +/- 2.7 hours and the hospital length of stay was 12.2 +/- 16.6 days. Nine (11.1%) patients initially accepted for ICU admission were later admitted to the general ward after ED intervention. Septic shock was the predominant admitting diagnosis. At ED admission, there was a significantly higher APACHE II score in nonsurvivors (23.0 +/- 6.0) vs survivors (19.8 +/- 6.5, p = 0.04), while there was no significant difference in SAPS II or MODS scores. The APACHE II, SAPS II, and MODS scores were significantly lower in survivors than nonsurvivors throughout the hospital stay (p 相似文献   

血小板及骨髓象变化与危重病患者预后关系的研究

目的 探讨血小板及骨髓象变化与危重病患者预后的关系。方法将危重病患者按血小板是否减少分为血小板减少组和非血小板减少组，根据患者预后再分为死亡组和生存组，所有患者分别记录入ICU24h内APACHEⅢ评分、多器官功能障碍综合症（MODS）发生率和入ICU1、3、7、14D的血小板计数。血小板减少组中51例行骨髓穿刺涂片检查。结果血小板减少组APACHEⅢ评分、MODS发生率及住院病死率均明显高于非血细胞减少组，但住ICU时间两组比较差异无统计学意义；危重病患者骨髓象显示，生存组巨核细胞数高于死亡组（P〈0．05），同时，生存组杆状核、分叶核细胞和浆细胞数高于死亡组，但淋巴细胞数显著低于死亡组。结论血小板进行性下降和骨髓象抑制能较准确、敏感地反映危重病患者的病情和预后，而血小板检查快速、简单易行，在临床上有实用价值。