阿尔茨海默病照顾者照顾负担与虐待倾向的相关性

目的分析阿尔茨海默病照顾者照顾负担与虐待倾向的相关性。方法选取60例阿尔茨海默病照顾者为研究对象,分别采用照顾者负担问卷(CBI)和照顾者虐待老年人评估量表(CASE)调查阿尔茨海默病照顾者照顾负担和虐待倾向,分析阿尔茨海默病照顾者照顾负担与虐待倾向的相关性。结果阿尔茨海默病照顾者的CASE平均分为(4.48±1.29)分,有81.67%的阿尔茨海默病患者遭受过虐待行为;阿尔茨海默病照顾者的CBI总评分为(58.54±5.96)分,CBI各维度评分由高至低排序为时间依赖性负担、生理性负担、社交性负担、情感性负担、发展受限负担;阿尔茨海默病照顾者的虐待倾向与时间依赖性负担、生理性负担、社交性负担、情感性负担、发展受限负担及CBI总评分之间存在相关性(均P<0.05)。结论阿尔茨海默病照顾者在照顾患者期间,负担越重,就越容易发生虐待倾向,可从护理干预支持、道德和健康教育等方面着手,尽可能减轻阿尔茨海默病照顾者的工作负担,一定程度上避免虐待行为发生。     

失能老年人长期照护家庭负担及其影响因素

[目的]调查失能老年人长期照护家庭负担现状,探讨其影响因素。[方法]应用疾病家庭负担量表(FBS)和Katz日常生活能力指数量表(Katz-ADL)对288名失能老年人及其照顾者进行调查。[结果]46.5%的家庭存在严重负担,35.1%的家庭存在中度负担,FBS各维度标准化均分由高到低依次为家庭日常生活(0.715分)、家庭娱乐活动(0.697分)、经济负担(0.503分)、家庭关系(0.346分)、家庭成员躯体健康(0.219分)、家庭成员心理健康(0.182分)。多元线性回归分析显示,老年人日常生活能力、年龄、失能时间及家庭人均月收入是家庭负担的影响因素。[结论]失能老年人长期照护家庭负担较重,应努力提高老年人自理能力,加大政府的养老补贴,减轻失能老年人家庭负担。     

居家痴呆病人照顾者家庭功能与照顾负担的关系分析

[目的]探讨居家痴呆病人照顾者家庭功能与照顾负担之间的关系。[方法]选取痴呆的居家病人63例及病人照顾者63名,采用家庭关怀度指数问卷(APGAR)和照顾者负担问卷(CBI)评价照顾者家庭功能和照顾负担。[结果]63例病人照顾者中,家庭功能良好20名(31.7%),APGAR评分8.65分±1.37分,家庭功能障碍43名(68.3%),APGAR评分2.81分±1.85分。痴呆病人照顾者家庭功能良好者,其时间依赖性负担、发展受限性负担、社交性负担和身体性负担均轻于有家庭功能障碍的照顾者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。痴呆病人其照顾者的家庭适应度、合作度、成长度、情感度和亲密度得分均与CBI总分呈负相关(P<0.01)。[结论]居家痴呆病人照顾者家庭功能越差其照顾负担越重,为减轻居家痴呆病人照顾者的负担,需通过多种方式加强社会支持,以弥补家庭支持的不足。     

长沙市养老机构失能老年人护理员照顾负担及影响因素分析

目的:调查养老机构失能老年人护理员的照护负担及其影响因素.方法:以便利抽样方法抽取长沙市雨花区、天心区、岳麓区等养老机构失能老年人护理员进行调查,采用Zarit照护负担量表调查护理员的照顾负担,并采用单因素分析和多元线性回归分析其影响因素.结果:共发放问卷240份,回收有效问卷237例(98.7％).护理员的照顾负担得分为(42.21±10.35)分,为中度负担水平.多元线性回归分析显示,性别、文化程度、每天工作时长、照顾失能老年人人数和老年人日常生活活动能力是影响护理员照顾负担得分的主要因素.结论:养老机构失能老年人护理员的照顾负担为中度水平,机构管理者应为其提供更多疾病和照护相关知识和信息,提高照护者的社会支持水平,进一步改善护理员的生理和心理健康状况,从而提高失能老年人的照护质量.     

社区失能老年人亲属照顾者照顾负担及其影响因素研究

目的 :调查社区失能老年人亲属照顾者照顾负担现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 :使用照顾者负担量表(CBI)对重庆市3个社区124名失能老年人的亲属照顾者进行调查,同时使用健康状况问卷(SF-36)对其照顾的失能老年人进行调查。结果 :照顾者照顾负担总分为(40.05±7.07)分;多元逐步回归分析显示,影响因素为失能老年人的年龄、自诉患病情况、一般健康状况和健康变化情况及照顾者的每天照顾时间、自诉患病情况。结论 :应对社区失能老年人的亲属照顾者提供个体化指导服务,并对失能老年人进行综合评估,降低失能率,减轻照顾者的照顾负担,提高照顾者的生活质量。     

失能老年人照顾者护理负担的研究

本文介绍了失能老年人家庭照顾者护理负担的概念和研究工具,从照顾者、被照顾者、家庭和社会等主体角度出发,分析了失能老年人家庭照顾者护理负担的影响因素和干预措施,并指出解决失能老年人长期照护问题应依靠家庭、社区、社会组织等力量,有效减轻照顾者护理负担。     

失能老年人的健康状况及其对长期照顾者家庭负担的影响

目的调查失能老年人健康状况及其对长期照顾者家庭负担的影响。方法分层抽取不同社区失能老年人及其长期照顾者各291名,调查失能老年人的躯体功能、认知能力、日常生活能力、压疮、跌倒、患病及就诊情况、总体健康觉等健康状况,调查长期照顾者家庭负担,分析失能老年人健康状况对长期照顾者家庭负担的影响。结果失能老年人中,视力障碍175人(60%)、听力障碍106人(36%)、交流能力障碍91人(31%)、认知能力受损152人(52%)、大小便失禁121人(41%)、日常生活能力严重功能受损107人(37%)、有压疮者25人(9%)、1年内发生过跌倒者78人(27%)、有慢性病者254人(87%);长期照顾者中,101人(35%)有中度家庭负担、137人(47%)有重度家庭负担。多因素分析显示老年人总体健康觉、大小便控制、有无压疮、交流能力是其长期照顾者家庭负担的影响因素。结论失能老年人健康状况不容乐观,并成为其长期照顾者家庭负担的影响因素。     

家庭照顾者照顾负担及生存质量与老人失能程度的相关性研究

[目的]探析老人失能程度对家庭照顾者照顾负担及生存质量的影响。[方法]采用Barthel指数评定量表(BI)、Zarit护理负担量表(ZBI)和健康调查简表(SF-36)对135例失能老人及其家庭照顾者进行评估。根据BI得分将失能老人分为轻度失能组(41分~60分)42例、中度失能组(21分~40分)55例和重度失能组(0分~20分)38例。对3组失能老人家庭照顾者照顾负担和生存质量进行调查,并对ZBI得分、SF-36得分与BI得分进行相关性分析。[结果]3组照顾者ZBI总分及个人负担、责任负担得分比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);3组SF-36量表中生理职能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、活力得分比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);BI得分与SF-36量表各维度得分均呈正相关(P0.01),与ZBI总分及其维度得分均呈负相关(P0.01)。[结论]家庭照顾者照顾负担及生存质量与老人失能程度具有密切关系,对失能程度重的老人,医护人员应需同步评估老人及其家庭照顾者的照顾负担和生存质量状况,采取针对性的措施减轻照顾负担,提高家庭照顾功能和照顾者的生活质量。     

妇科肿瘤化疗期患者照顾者负荷与社会支持相关性研究

目的了解妇科肿瘤患者化疗期间,照顾者负荷水平与社会支持现状,并探讨两者之间的相关性。方法采用照顾负荷问卷(Caregivers burden inventory,CBI)及领悟社会支持量表(Perceived social support scale,PSSS),对113例妇科肿瘤患者化疗患者主要照顾者进行调查。结果妇科化疗期患者照顾者的照顾负荷处于轻度负荷,社会支持处于低支持状态。照顾者负荷总得分为(53.23±10.00)分,各维度按得分高低排序分别为:时间依赖性负荷(14.47±2.91)分、发展受限性负荷(13.83±2.81)分、身体性负荷(10.68±2.81)分、社交性负荷(8.29±3.82)分、情感性负荷(5.96±5.07)分;社会支持总分为(34.81±10.33)分,各维度按得分高低排序分别为:其他(12.06±3.47)分、家庭(11.42±3.69)分、朋友(11.33±3.90)分;主要照顾者负荷总分与社会支持总分呈负相关(P0.05)。结论妇科肿瘤化疗患者照顾者承受着较重的负担,社会支持度较低,应有针对性地提供社会支持,以减轻照顾者的负担,以持续提高照顾者和患者生存质量。     

化疗期妇科肿瘤患者主要照顾者负荷现状及其影响因素研究

目的调查化疗期妇科肿瘤患者的主要照顾者负荷现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用照顾者负荷问卷对168例化疗期妇科肿瘤患者的主要照顾者进行问卷调查。结果化疗期妇科肿瘤患者主要照顾者负荷总得分为(52.79±11.05)分,处于中度负荷。各维度按得分高低排序依次为时间依赖性负荷、发展受限性负荷、身体性负荷、社交性负荷、情感性负荷;多因素分析结果显示,主要照顾者的性别、与患者关系、每日照顾时间、患慢性疾病、患者病程是照顾负荷的主要影响因素(P0.01或P0.05)。结论化疗期妇科肿瘤患者的主要照顾者处于中度照顾负荷,应采取综合护理措施降低主要照顾者的负荷水平,持续提高主要照顾者和患者的生存质量。     

The effects of a multidisciplinary education course on the burden,health literacy and needs of family caregivers

Chronic diseases are mostly managed by family caregivers that often face the “caregiver burden”. This study aimed to understand whether a multidisciplinary theoretical-practical training course could influence the burden, health literacy and needs of caregivers. Seventy-six familial caregivers were asked to complete the Caregiver Burden Inventory-CBI, Caregiver Needs Assessment-CNA, and Health Literacy Questionnaire-HLQ, before and after the course. A significant decrease in CBI and an increase of CNA were observed. However, a significantly higher rate of CBI decrease and a lower increase of CNA were detected in the neurological compared to the oncological group (p = 0.001). Moreover, the ability of the participants to look for and find health information significantly improved. The course contrasted caregivers' burden, increased their search for health information, and revealed their requiring of training and emotional and social support. Caregiver education plays a pivotal role in the management of chronic patients, enhancing the quality of life of both patients and caregivers.     

社区生活自理障碍老年人照顾者负担及其影响因素的调查

目的调查社区生活自理障碍老年人照顾者负担水平,探讨影响照顾者负担的相关因素。方法采用非实验性描述性研究,采用日常生活能力量表（ADL）、照顾者人口学资料调查问卷、照顾者负担量表（CBI）调查北京市2个社区72名生活自理障碍老年人及主要照顾者,并进行统计分析。结果72名照顾者轻度负担18名,中度负担50名,重度负担4名。女性照顾者负担大于男性照顾者,有配偶的照顾者比无配偶的照顾者的负担大,不在职照顾者的负担比在职照顾者负担大,自觉身体健康差的照顾者较自觉身体健康好的照顾者的负担大,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;生活自理障碍的男性患者照顾者比女性患者照顾者负担大（P〈0．01）,患者ADL得分越高,照顾者的负担越大（P〈0．01）。结论生活自理障碍老年人的照顾者普遍存在不同程度的照顾负担,其总体负担水平处于中度;生活自理障碍老年人照顾者的负担受照顾者的性别、照顾者的婚姻状况、照顾者的自觉身体健康状况、照顾者职业状况、照顾对象的性别及其日常生活能力等因素的影响。     

长沙市某区失能老人家庭照护者照护知识和技能现状及需求研究

目的了解长沙市某区失能老人家庭照护者照护知识和技能现状及需求。方法 2016年12月,采用滚雪球法选取长沙市某区失能老人家庭照护者96名为研究对象,采用中文版Barthel指数量表评定失能老人的日常生活能力,同时使用失能老人照护知识问卷和照顾者所需知识与技能表对照护者进行调查。结果家庭照护者照护知识平均得分为(17.87±6.92)分。不同年龄、文化程度以及与失能老人亲属关系不同的家庭照护者,其照护知识的掌握情况差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。家庭照护者对照护知识和技能需求的平均得分为(62.76±12.15)分。高中及以下人员、失能者的配偶及子女和照护的失能者Barthel指数较低者,其照护知识的需求得分较高,与其他照护者相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。家庭照护者对照护知识技能的需求排在前5位为疾病知识、康复、用药、身体不适和预防处理褥疮知识。结论长沙市某区失能老人的家庭照护者照护知识和技能亟待加强,学习需求强烈,应对其开展照护知识和技能培训。     

Assessment of caregiver burden in families of persons with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, unpredictable, progressive, disabling disease. It is generally diagnosed in young adult females between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Symptoms of MS may include profound fatigue, depression, gait disorder, spasticity, blurred vision, and bladder and bowel problems. It is an unpredictable disease and has the potential to create a stressful family life. Because MS is frequently diagnosed in early adulthood, it may affect developmental experiences such as raising a family and building and sustaining a career. Satisfaction with relationships can also be altered. MS has a significant social, psychological, and physical impact on the affected individual as well as his or her family. Partners of people with MS often become caregivers, adding to the demands and challenges of family life. As the individual's disease progresses, the capacity for self-care may decrease, and the individual may require daily assistance from family members. However, the daily assistance that family members provide to a disabled spouse, parent, partner, or child can take a physical and economic toll on the caregiver, causing caregiver burden. Caregiver burden is a multidimensional response to physical, psychological, emotional, social, and financial stressors associated with the caregiving experience. Caregivers who experience burden are more likely to have a higher risk of depression and a lower quality of life. Early recognition of caregiver burden is important in determining appropriate interventions.     

脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者负荷及其影响因素分析

目的 研究脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者负荷及其影响因素,并探讨相应的护理对策.方法 采用问卷调查法.采用照顾者负荷量表(Caregiver Burden Inventory,CBI)对56例脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者进行调查.结果 脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者负荷的总体水平为中等水平(1.55±0.35)分;影响照顾者负荷的因素有ADL指数、参与照顾人数、患者住院次数.结论 护理人员应通过对患者系统的康复指导和教育,减轻卒中后遗症的严重程度和减少再入院次数,增强患者的家庭支持,从而减轻照顾者的负荷,提高其身心健康水平.     

脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者负荷及其影响因素分析

目的研究脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者负荷及其影响因素,并探讨相应的护理对策。方法采用问卷调查法。采用照顾者负荷量表（Caregiver Burden Inventory,CBI）对56例脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者进行调查。结果脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者负荷的总体水平为中等水平（1．55±0．35）分;影响照顾者负荷的因素有ADL指数、参与照顾人数、患者住院次数。结论护理人员应通过对患者系统的康复指导和教育,减轻卒中后遗症的严重程度和减少再入院次数,增强患者的家庭支持,从而减轻照顾者的负荷,提高其身心健康水平。     

Caregivers of frail rural older adults. Effects of an advanced practice nursing intervention

Informal caregivers are responsible for providing the majority of post-discharge care for many frail older adults in rural settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an advanced practice nurse (APN) intervention would promote more positive physical and emotional outcomes in caregivers of rural older adults who are frail and were recently discharged from urban-based hospitals. Thirty-two caregivers of frail rural elderly individuals were randomly assigned to treatment (APN intervention) and control groups (no APN intervention). Assessments of caregiver outcomes were collected via telephone interviews at 48-hour, 2-week, and 4-week intervals after hospital discharge of the frail rural older adults. Outcomes were operationalized as caregiver physical health and well being, and stress and burden. The former was measured using the Health and Daily Living form (HDL) and the latter by the Thoughts and Feeling and Time and Energy subscales of the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). Additional information on caregiver problems and APN visit time was collected by the APN using the Omaha Classification System. Caregivers in the treatment group experienced significantly more positive physical and emotional health outcomes. The caregivers who received the APN intervention had higher self-rated emotional health scores, fewer emotional symptoms at Week 4, fewer depressive symptoms at Week 2 and 4, and lower Thoughts and Feelings stress scores at 48 hours than the control group. Findings support the importance of addressing the needs of caregivers post-discharge and the ability of APNs to improve post-discharge outcomes for home health care recipients and their caregivers.     

Cultural and noncultural predictors of health outcomes in Korean daughter and daughter-in-law caregivers

In Western cultures, adverse health effects resulting from providing care for impaired elders is well documented for family caregivers, but little is known about the health of Korean caregivers. This study examined the level of depression and physical health of 120 daughter and daughter-in-law caregivers who cared for cognitively or functionally impaired elderly in Korea. It was hypothesized that cultural factors would have a greater effect on caregivers' health outcomes than noncultural factors, but, contrary to this expectation, the effects of noncultural factors were found to outweigh those of cultural factors. Moreover, the caregivers in this study reported a relatively high level of depression, and more caregivers rated their own health as "poor" than did Western caregivers in previous studies. Family caregiving for the impaired elderly is stressful and negatively affects Korean caregivers' health outcomes regardless of societal values such as filial piety and familism regarding parent care in Korea. Culturally acceptable and sensible support programs may be useful in sustaining long-term care at home by Korean daughter and daughter-in-law caregivers. Further family caregiving studies in the Korean sociocultural context are recommended.     

What Are the Educational Needs of Prospective Family Caregivers of Newly Disabled Adults?

What are the needs of family caregivers of newly disabled adults? Research to date has focused on the needs of family members of patients in critical care units and of family members who have been in the caregiver role at home for some time. No studies could be found on the perceptions of individuals facing the decision to assume the family caregiver role for a newly disabled adult anticipating discharge from a physical rehabilitation or medical-surgical nursing unit. Watson's philosophy of science and caring provided the theoretical basis for this study. The Elaine Matthis Educational Wants of Family Caregivers of Disabled Adults Questionnaire was used to assess the perceptions of prospective family caregivers visiting newly disabled adults in an urban medical center. The results of this research are offered to help nurses understand the feelings of uncertainty about the new and unexpected role that family caregivers face and to help nurses meet the needs of families preparing to take disabled adult relatives home.     

重型颅脑损伤患者照顾者负担与社会支持的相关性研究

目的调查重型颅脑损伤患者照顾者负担及其与社会支持的相关性。方法采用照顾者负担量表及社会支持评定量表对50例重型颅脑损伤患者的照顾者进行调查。结果照顾者的负担与社会支持均处于中等水平。主观支持与负担总分、社交性负担呈负相关;客观支持与社交性负担及生理性负担呈负相关;对支持的利用度与情感性负担呈负相关;社会支持总分与社交性负担及负担总分呈负相关。结论重型颅脑损伤患者照顾者负担与社会支持呈负性相关,即所获得的社会支持越多,照顾者的负担越小。