传染病与气象因素的关系研究

研究表明某些传染病的发生同气象因素有一定的关系。本文运用气象流行病学的原理和方法,分析研究有关气候因素与传染病之间的相互关系及气候因素改变对传染病的影响,探讨可用于研究气象因素与传染病之间关系的科学方法,并利用气象因素对传染病发病进行预测预警。揭示传染病的气象流行病学规律对建立疾病早期气象预报预警系统、预测传染病的发病有很大的帮助。采取相应的预防控制措施,科学防治传染病,从而达到减少气象因素对人体健康危害的目的。     

灯盏花乙素抗氧化应激机制在防治心脑血管疾病中的研究进展

灯盏花乙素,化学名为4,5,6-三羟基黄酮-7-葡糖苷酸,是中国传统中药灯盏花的主要活性成分。临床上,因其具有极其广泛的生物活性而被用于治疗心脑血管疾病。近年来,以高发病率、高死亡率为特点的心脑血管疾病已经成为中老年人的常见多发病,并随着人们饮食结构的转变,不良生活习惯的养成使该病的发病有了年轻化的趋势。氧化应激是心脑血管疾病发生、发展中极其重要的因素。而灯盏花乙素对心脑血管疾病的治疗有较好疗效,不难发现,灯盏花乙素对氧化应激有一定的抑制作用。旨在对灯盏花乙素与氧化应激的作用机制进行综述,并探讨灯盏花乙素对氧化应激抑制作用在临床上的应用,从而为今后临床疾病的治疗提供一定的参考。     

2003年-2017年某院住院儿童死亡疾病谱分析

目的了解某院住院儿童死亡疾病谱的特点和变化趋势。方法资料来源于某儿童医院2003年1月1日-2017年12月31日出院患者住院病案首页信息,采用SPSS17.0对数据进行ICD-10分类的统计,描述性分析各阶段死亡疾病的构成情况,各年度阶段的死亡疾病谱变化趋势分析采用χ²检验。结果15年间患儿病死率呈逐年递减趋势(χ²=389.787,P=0.000)。15年间该院患儿死亡疾病谱有了一定的变化,各阶段前五位死亡疾病系统均一致,但各阶段排位有所不同。呼吸系统疾病死亡构成比由第一阶段的15.91%上升到第三阶段的20.51%,上升了28.91%,排位也从第四位跃居第一位。某些传染病或寄生虫病的死亡构成比由第一阶段的21.7%下降到第三阶段的14.7%,下降了32.26%,排位也从第一位下降到第三位。先天性畸形、变形和染色体异常死亡构成比由16.67%下降到13.46%,下降了19.26%,排位由第三位下降到第四位。前10位死亡病种按阶段统计,各阶段未特指的肺炎和未特指的脓毒病均居前两位。结论近15年儿童死亡疾病谱发生明显变化,呼吸系统疾病如重症肺炎、某些传染病或寄生虫病如脓毒血症、先天性畸形、变形和染色体异常如复杂型先天性心脏畸形是该院疾病防治工作的重点。     

论瘀热

瘀与热是瘀热形成的病理基础。瘀包括血瘀和瘀血,临床表现为疼痛、发热、皮肤、黏膜的异常、积、肿块、出血;热为六淫病邪之一,临床表现为自觉或他觉的发热。在急性外感热病及某些内伤杂病（尤其是疑难病症）发展的一定阶段。许多患者同时表现血热与血瘀并见;而瘀热相搏证是指在急性外感热病或内伤杂病病变发展的一定阶段,火热毒邪或兼夹痰湿壅于血分,搏血为瘀,致血热、血瘀两种病理因素互为搏结、相合为患而形成的一种证型。      

基于体质学说对《金匮要略》甘草泻心汤应用的探讨

通过对体质学说的简单阐述,从中医体质学说的角度来探讨《金匮要略》中甘草泻心汤的应用,说明甘草泻心汤对湿热体质及湿热为患的疾病有一定的预防和治疗作用。     

基于体质学说对《金匮要略》甘草泻心汤应用的探讨

通过对体质学说的简单阐述,从中医体质学说的角度来探讨《金匮要略》中甘草泻心汤的应用,说明甘草泻心汤对湿热体质及湿热为患的疾病有一定的预防和治疗作用。     

脐血IgE与婴儿特应性的疾病关系

目的评估脐血IgE水平对婴儿过敏性疾病的阳性预测价值。方法采用荧光酶免疫法等测定婴儿脐血中IgE的含量。出生后一段时间进行电话或门诊随访。结果发现环境因素、遗传因素、婴儿性别和孕妇吸烟对婴儿脐血IgE水平和过敏性疾病等影响较大。结论脐血IgE水平升高的婴儿易患过敏性疾病,尤其是婴儿湿诊和荨麻疹。测定婴儿脐血IgE水平结合过敏家族史对婴儿过敏性疾病的预测价值较高。     

补肾活血法异病同治临床应用体会

“异病同治”指不同疾病,在其发展过程中的某一阶段,出现了相同的病机,可采用相同的治法方药进行治疗,即证同治亦同。骨质疏松和动脉硬化在病程进展过程中可出现相同的病机——肾虚血瘀,临证时结合疾病自身特点及患者个体情况,应用“异病同治”这一法则,采用补肾活血法治疗均可以取得较好的疗效。     

抗原处理相关转运体基因多态性与疾病相关性的研究进展

抗原处理相关转运体(TAP)是一种异二聚体跨膜转运蛋白,具有高度多态性,主要功能是将胞质中加工产生的抗原肽转运到内质网腔,与主要组织相容复合体(MHC)Ⅰ类分子组装形成抗原肽一MHCI复合物后转运至细胞表面,被CD8+T淋巴细胞识别,诱导机体产生细胞免疫应答.某些特定的人类疾病同TAP的多态性相关,包括多种肿瘤疾病、自身免疫疾病和传染性疾病等.本文就实验动物的TAP基因在与疾病相关性方面的比较医学研究进展做一综述.     

Biological behaviour and role of endothelial progenitor cells in vascular diseases

Objective To review the biological behaviour of endothelial progenitor cells and their role in vascular diseases.Data sources The data used in this review were mainly from Medline and PubMed for relevant English language articles published from 1985 to March 2007. The search term was “endothelial progenitor cells”.Study selection Articles about the biological behaviour of endothelial progenitor cells and their roles in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherogenesis were used.Results Progenitor cells in bone marrow, peripheral blood and adventitia can differentiate into mature endothelial cells (ECs). The progenitor cells, which express certain surface markers including AC133, CD34 and KDR, enable restoration of the microcirculation and ECs when injury or ischaemia occurs. Endothelial progenitor cells used in experimental models and clinical trials for ischaemic syndromes could restore endothelial integrity and inhibit neointima development. Moreover, their number and functional properties are influenced by certain cytokines and atherosclerotic risk factors. Impairment of the progenitor cells might limit the regenerative capacity, even lead to the development of atherosclerosis or other vascular diseases.Conclusions Endothelial progenitor cells have a particular role in prevention and treatment of certain cardiovascular diseases. However, many challenges remain in understanding differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells, their mobilization and revascularization.     

2013年晋江市14周岁以下新农合住院儿童疾病谱分析

目的探索晋江市新农合住院儿童疾病谱特点,为制定儿童疾病预防和控制策略提供依据。方法对2013年1-12月间晋江市14周岁及以下新农合住院患儿病历资料进行疾病谱分析。结果新农合住院儿童发病与年龄、性别有关系,不同年龄阶段的儿童住院疾病构成比顺位有所区别,但呼吸与消化系统疾病始终排在各年龄组前3位;影响儿童健康的前5位系统疾病分别是呼吸系统疾病（63.60%）、消化系统疾病（11.04%）、某些传染病和寄生虫病（5.41%）、起源于围生期的某些情况（3.17%）、损伤中毒和外因的某些其他后果（2.76%）,前5位系统疾病占总住院患儿数的85.99%;单病种排序中,前5位均为呼吸系统疾病：支气管肺炎（未特指）（22.83%）、急性扁桃体炎（未特指）（9.26%）、急性上呼吸道感染（未特指）（8.99%）、急性支气管炎（未特指）（8.82%）、肺炎（未特指）（5.38%）,前5位疾病占总住院患儿数的55.28%。结论呼吸系统疾病是威胁晋江儿童健康最主要的疾病病种,建议合理调整医疗卫生资源,针对性地提供防治呼吸系统疾病的有效方法和措施,并根据儿童不同年龄组疾病构成的差异,制定相应防治策略。     

经典传染病明显下降情况下传染病学临床教学改革探讨

由于传染病的病种明显减少,发病率下降,目前传染病临床教学面临病种单一、教学资源短缺和教学工作难以完成等问题。提出培训教师、城乡结合、改革教学内容、发挥老教授的特长、充分利用先进的教学手段等有针对性的改革措施,以提高医学生传染病学的临床实习效果。     

基于机器学习的针灸相关疾病、基因、药物新关联挖掘

目的：挖掘针灸相关疾病、基因和药物间的新关联。方法:提出一种基于SVM的机器学习算法,结合词典识别疾病、基因和药物实体并挖掘三者之间的关联,构建针灸相关疾病、基因和药物关联网络。结果:识别出针灸相关的296种疾病、51种基因和278种药物,并在27种疾病、13种基因和135种药物之间挖掘出704种关联,构建3个关联网络,发现了262种新关联。结论:针灸相关疾病-基因-药物之间存在大量程度不一的关联,为针灸精准医疗提供了新的研究思路。     

The natural history and the national pre-marital screening program in Saudi Arabia

The genetic disorders are chronic in nature and, therefore, require continuous support and health care. Consequently, the genetic diseases cause formidable economic and psychosocial burdens on the family with negative reflection on the community at large. The genetic diseases are a heterogeneous group that result in varieties of chronic health ailment as a result of defects in the genetic material. The congenital malformations and some genetic defects may result from exposure to radiation, pharmaceutical drugs, the exposure of the mother during pregnancy to certain infectious diseases, such as rubella, toxoplasma or viruses. It may also result as a side effect of chronic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension or varieties of environmental factors, or both. The other group of genetic diseases are transmitted from parents to the offspring through a specific pattern of inheritance exemplified by recessive genetic disorders. This group includes the sickle cell gene, the thalassemias, the hemophilias, inborn errors of metabolism and red cell enzymopathies. The main etiological factors of genetic diseases and congenital malformations are 1) Genetic defects which are transmitted to offspring through carriers of affected parents. 2) Mutations in the genetic materials due to spontaneous mutations, exposure of the mother during pregnancy to infectious diseases, such as rubella and toxoplasma, receiving certain teratogenic drugs during pregnancy, exposure of the mother to ionizing radiation during pregnancy such as x-ray and chronic diseases of the mother, such as diabetes mellitus. 3) Others such as difficult labor or injury to the baby, during or after labor. This paper reviews the natural history of common blood genetic disorders and the means of prevention and control, focusing on pre-marital screening as a means of prevention.     

Prediction of Similarities Among Rheumatic Diseases

We introduce a method for extracting hidden patterns seen in rheumatic diseases by using articles from the widely used biomedical database MEDLINE. Rheumatic diseases affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide and lead to substantial loss of functioning and mobility. Diagnosing rheumatic diseases can be difficult because some symptoms are common to many of them. We use Facta system as a biomedical text mining tool for finding symptoms and then create a dataset with the frequencies of symptoms for each disease and apply hierarchical clustering analysis to find similarities between diseases. Clustering analysis yields four distinct types or groups of rheumatic diseases. Although our results cannot remove all the uncertainty for the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases, we believe they can contribute to the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases to a certain extent. We hope that some similarities exposed can provide additional information at the stage of decision-making.     

A comparison of general and disease-specific machine learning models for the prediction of unplanned hospital readmissions

Unplanned hospital readmissions are a burden to patients and increase healthcare costs. A wide variety of machine learning (ML) models have been suggested to predict unplanned hospital readmissions. These ML models were often specifically trained on patient populations with certain diseases. However, it is unclear whether these specialized ML models—trained on patient subpopulations with certain diseases or defined by other clinical characteristics—are more accurate than a general ML model trained on an unrestricted hospital cohort. In this study based on an electronic health record cohort of consecutive inpatient cases of a single tertiary care center, we demonstrate that accurate prediction of hospital readmissions may be obtained by general, disease-independent, ML models. This general approach may substantially decrease the cost of development and deployment of respective ML models in daily clinical routine, as all predictions are obtained by the use of a single model.     

子宫肌瘤与乳腺增生病的相关性浅析

目的:探讨子宫肌瘤和乳腺增生病在病因方面的相关性。方法:选择200例妇科病患者,其中100例为子宫肌瘤患者,100例为乳腺增生患者,同时选择100例进行妇科检查的正常女性,通过对比三组患者的雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、垂体泌乳素(PRL)等激素水平,研究子宫肌瘤和乳腺增生在发病机理上的相关性。结果:两种疾病的发生都与性激素刺激相关,其中两个患病组患者的雌二醇(E2)水平比正常组平均水平升高(P<0.05),而孕酮(P)的水平则比正常水平下降(P<0.05),且相互产生一定的影响。结论:通过对比分析,两种疾病的病因具有相关性,对于治疗具有一定的指导意义,有利于对临床治疗进行指导。     

Priorités dans le domaine de la santé au Québec

The reform of health services in Quebec, of which the most important stage was the creation of the Department of Social Affairs and the Quebec Health Insurance Board, has solved certain problems such as the inaccessibility to care because of the cost, the paucity of medical personnel and the excessive increase in the cost of the services offered to hospital patients. A critical analysis of both the reform and its practical consequences points to certain conclusions which, far from rejecting the principle of the reform, indicate none the less various possibilities for reorienting its priorities. Observing the rate of recourse to health services as well as the attitudes and conduct of health professionals have helped us to identify the causes of certain tendencies inspired by the incentives inherent in the reform. The organization of health services in Quebec must be oriented toward new priorities: the prevention and treatment both of environmental diseases and diseases associated with ageing plus the definition of a global approach to public health.     

前列腺干细胞研究进展

干细胞是一种具有自我复制能力的多潜能细胞，具备多向分化潜能、自我更新、高度增殖的特性，具备再生各类人体器官以及人体的潜在能力，被医学界戏称为“全能细胞”。目前逐渐发现它在许多疾病的发生和治疗中发挥重大作用。近年研究发现前列腺内一样地存在着前列腺干细胞，在特定的环境中可以分化发育为前列腺组织，并与前列腺某些疾病有关。本文就有关前列腺干细胞相关文献研究进行综述。     

心理护理在健康体检人群中的应用

目的调查分析健康体检中发现疾病者的心理健康状态,为实施心理护理提供理论依据。方法采用随机抽样法选取100名体检发现疾患者为实验组;100名体检正常者为对照组。两组分别进行症状自评量表（SCL-90）测评,将测评结果应用SPSS10．0进行统计学分析。结果实验组SCL-90评分在总分、总均分、阳性项目数、阳性症状均分以及躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,统计学差异有显著性意义。结论健康体检发现疾病者,存在明显心理障碍,应给予心理护理,帮助其减轻不良的心理应激反应。