冠心病及其高危患者血管功能无创性检测的临床意义

目的 :探讨冠心病和具有冠心病危险因素患者的血管内皮和平滑肌功能无创性检测的临床意义。方法 :采用高分辨超声技术 ,检测 90例健康成人 (正常对照组 )、110例有冠心病危险因素者 (危险因素组 )和 71例冠心病患者 (冠心病组 )在反应性充血时及含服硝酸甘油后的肱动脉内径变化。结果 :危险因素组和冠心病组血流介导的肱动脉舒张 (FMD)均明显低于正常对照组 [(4 .79± 3.93) %和 (2 .4 4± 2 .94 ) %比 (8.76± 4 .33) % ,均P <0 .0 1];冠心病组硝酸甘油引起的肱动脉舒张 (NID)明显低于正常对照组 [(16 .5 8± 6 .2 6 ) %比 (2 3.6 2±8.5 5 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],但危险因素组的NID与正常对照组无统计学意义 [(2 0 .5 0± 7.30 ) %比 (2 3.6 2± 8.5 5 ) % ,P >0 .0 5 ]。多元逐步回归分析显示 :FMD与年龄、肱动脉基线内径和收缩压呈负相关 ,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关 ;而NID与肱动脉基线内径呈负相关 ,与FMD呈正相关。结论 :血管内皮功能失调是动脉粥样硬化临床前的早期表现 ,而血管平滑肌功能损害常提示患者已存在明显动脉粥样硬化病变     

高血压患者氯沙坦治疗前后血管内皮功能与血管紧张素Ⅱ的变化

目的探讨氯沙坦治疗前后高血压患者血管内皮功能和血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ的变化.方法50例高血压患者氯沙坦治疗4～6周,根据达目标血压(以舒张压<90mmHg为标准调整降压药每天剂量50～100mg,部分患者加双氢氯噻嗪25mg),观察氯沙坦治疗前后肱动脉超声检测血管内皮功能和血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度的变化.结果肱动脉内径基础值及含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径变化差异均无显著性[(3.78±0.57)mm对(3.82±0.63)mm,(18.7±4.5)%对(20.1±7.2)%,P>0.05],反应性血管充血引起肱动脉内径的变化治疗前后差异有显著性[(4.32±0.71)%对(9.38±4.1)%,P<0.01)].氯沙坦治疗前后血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度变化显著[(38.6±6.8)pmol/L对(76.9±15.3)pmol/L,P<0.01].结论氯沙坦在有效降压的同时,能改善血管内皮舒张功能.     

辛伐他汀对原发性高血压并高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的 :研究辛伐他汀对原发性高血压 (EH)并高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响。方法 :采用高分辨超声技术 ,对 2 4例EH并高胆固醇血症患者 (A组 )降脂前后和 2 0例血浆胆固醇水平正常的对照者 (B组 )血管内皮依赖性舒张功能进行检测。结果 :A组患者服用辛伐他汀 10mg治疗 8周后肱动脉血流介导性舒张较B组明显减弱 [(2 .99± 2 .2 4 ) %∶(7.0 1± 2 .73) % ,P <0 .0 1],且对硝酸甘油的反应差异亦有显著性意义[(8.2 8± 5 .12 ) %∶(12 .2 8± 4 .84 ) % ,P <0 .0 5 ]。血浆总胆固醇从 (6 .39± 0 .71)mmol L降至 (5 .2 3± 0 .33)mmol L ,同时肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张较治疗前明显改善 [(7.82± 1.2 9) %∶(2 .99± 2 .2 4 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],而治疗前后肱动脉对硝酸甘油的反应无显著性改变。结论 :EH并高胆固醇血症患者存在血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍 ;经辛伐他汀降胆固醇治疗后 ,受损的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能得到明显改善     

氯沙坦治疗高血压病前后血管内皮功能的变化——与血管紧张素Ⅱ和内皮素对比

目的　研究氯沙坦治疗高血压病前后血管内皮功能和血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ和内皮素的变化。方法　 5 0例高血压病患者氯沙坦治疗 4～ 6周前后根据所达目标血压(根据舒张压 <90mmHg调整降压药每天剂量 5 0mg到 10 0mg ,部分加噻嗪类利尿剂 2 5mg) ,观察氯沙坦治疗前后肱动脉超声检测血管内皮功能和血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ和内皮素浓度的变化。结果　肱动脉内径基础值及含服硝酸甘油前后肱动脉内径变化均无显著性差异 (3 78± 0 5 7对 3 82± 0 6 3,18 7± 4 5对 2 0 1± 7 2 ,P >0 0 1) ,反应性血管充血引起肱动脉内径的变化治疗前后有显著性差异 (4 32± 0 71、9 38±4 1、P <0 0 1)。氯沙坦治疗前后血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度变化显著 (38.6± 6 .8对 76 9± 15 3 ,P <0 0 1)。氯沙坦治疗前后血浆内皮素浓度变化显著 (10 3 12± 2 4 5 9对 73 81±18 2 6 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　氯沙坦在有效降压的同时 ,能有效改善血管内皮舒张功能。肱动脉超声用于观察降压药物对血管内皮功能的变化具有无创、简便、重复性高的特点。     

高血压病患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的无创评价

目的 :应用超声技术评价高血压病患者的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能。方法 :用B型超声对 2 6例高血压病患者和 12例健康对照者在反应性充血和舌下含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径的变化情况进行了检测。结果 :高血压病患者前臂加压后肱动脉内径增加的比例明显小于对照组 (12 .5 3%± 4.2 6 %vs 17.76± 6 .0 2 % ,P <0 0 1) ,而在舌下含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径的变化两组间无显著性差异 (19.41%± 6 .73%vs 2 1.2 4%± 6 .96 % ,P >0 0 5 )。结论 :高血压病患者虽然还没有明显的动脉粥样硬化的证据 ,但已经存在显著的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍。     

他汀类药物对原发性高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的　观察辛伐他汀和氟伐他汀对原发性高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法　 6 0例原发性高胆固醇血症患者随机分为辛伐他汀组 (5mg/d)或氟伐他汀组 (2 0mg/d) ,每组 30例 ,均治疗 8周 ,2 0例正常对照。采用超声多普勒于治疗前后对其进行血管内皮功能的测定。结果　原发性高胆固醇血症患者肱动脉血流介导的舒张反应较对照组明显减弱 [辛伐他汀组 (3 38±5 48) % ,氟伐他汀组 (1 17± 5 15 ) % ,对照组 (17 5 8± 6 47) % ,P <0 0 0 1],而三组对硝酸甘油的反应差异无显著性 [分别为 (14 6 4± 6 6 8) % ,(14 46± 7 80 ) % ,(18 31± 6 84) % ,P >0 0 5 ]。辛伐他汀或氟伐他汀治疗 8周后均使血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著降低 ,同时肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能较治疗前亦有明显改善 [辛伐他汀组为 (14 6 8± 5 0 5 ) %比 (3 38± 5 48) % ,氟伐他汀组为(13 94± 6 6 8) %比 (1 17± 5 15 ) % ,P值均 <0 0 0 1],而治疗前后肱动脉对硝酸甘油的反应无显著性变化。结论　原发性高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能受损 ,辛伐他汀或氟伐他汀治疗均可显著改善血管内皮依赖性舒张功能 ,二者之间差异无显著性。     

微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者血管内皮功能的作用

目的 :探讨微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者血管内皮功能的作用。方法 :对 30例高三酰甘油血症患者 (口服微粒化非诺贝特 2 0 0mg/d治疗 4周前后 )和 30例正常人采用高分辨超声技术检测血流介导的和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张功能 ,并测定血浆内皮素 (ET)和血脂。结果 :①高三酰甘油血症组血流介导的肱动脉舒张反应较正常组明显减弱 [(2 .7± 2 .0 ) %∶(15 .0± 8.0 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],而两组对硝酸甘油的血管舒张反应差异无显著性意义 [(15 .0± 5 .0 ) %∶(16 .8± 9.0 ) % ,P >0 .0 5 ]。②高三酰甘油血症患者微粒化非诺贝特治疗后血流介导的肱动脉舒张显著改善 [(11.0± 9.0 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],而硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张较治疗前无明显改变[(16 .2± 6 .0 ) % ,P >0 .0 5 ]。③高三酰甘油血症患者血浆ET水平显著高于正常人 [(10 6 .2± 19.2 ) μg/L∶(72 .4± 14 .1) μg/L ,P <0 .0 1],微粒化非诺贝特治疗后血浆ET水平显著降低 [(82 .7± 15 .5 ) μg/L ,P <0 .0 1],血清三酰甘油明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者受损的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能有改善作用。改善血管内皮功能亦是微粒化非诺贝特防治冠心病的作用机制之一     

高血压对血管内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨高血压的血管内皮功能变化。方法:应用高分辨率超声仪检测我院门诊及住院的高血压患者的肱动脉对反应性充血(血流介导的内皮依赖性血管扩张)的舒张反应.并与健康人进行对比。结果:基础血管内径:高血压组3.89±0.47 mm.健康组3.84±0.455 mm,P>0.05;反应性充血的肱动脉内径的变化百分率:高血压组为7.4±2.83%.健康组为12.40±3.79%.有非常显著差异.P<0.001;含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径的变化百分率:高血压组为14.20±2.90%.健康组为14.22±0.88%(P>0.05)。结论:高血压患者血管内皮功能受损。     

青年高血压病患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的无创伤性评价

为了评价无其它动脉粥样硬化因素及粥样斑块的青年高血压病患者的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能 ,用B型超声对 45例 35岁以下的青年高血压病患者和 2 0例健康对照者在反应性充血和舌下含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径进行了检测。结果发现 ,青年高血压病患者前臂加压后肱动脉内径增加的比例明显小于对照组 (前者为 12 .32 %± 4.94% ,后者为 16 .6 3%± 5 .87% ,P <0 .0 1) ,而在舌下含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径的变化两组间无显著性差异(前者为 18.94%± 6 .5 0 % ,后者为 2 1.0 2 %± 6 .6 5 % ,P >0 .0 5 )。提示青年高血压病患者虽然没有明显的动脉粥样硬化的证据和其它易患因素 ,但已经存在显著的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍。     

小剂量辛伐他汀对急性心肌梗死患者 血管内皮功能的影响

目的　观察心肌梗死急性期降脂治疗对内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的作用。方法　采用超声法检测 39例急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者和 31例无心肌梗死者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能。应用随机、交叉实验设计 ,将 39例AMI受试者随机分为单纯常规治疗组和加服辛伐他汀 5mg/d或 10mg/d治疗组 ,治疗 2个月后复测其肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能。然后交叉 ,即单纯常规治疗组加服辛伐他汀 5mg/d或 10mg/d ;原服辛伐他汀治疗组停用 ,仅接受常规治疗 ;第 4个月再次检测肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能。结果　AMI患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能 [n =39,(2 .44± 3.31) % ]较对照组 [n=31,(8.13± 4.77) % ]明显降低 (P <0 .0 0 1)。AMI患者服用 5mg/d辛伐他汀 (n =19)治疗 2个月后 ,肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能 (4 .2 9± 2 .91) %与治疗前基础水平 (2 .5 4± 2 .5 2 ) %、常规治疗后 (2 .89±3.71) %相比差别无显著性 ;而服用 10mg/d ,辛伐他汀 (n =2 0 )治疗 2个月后 ,肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能 [(6 .2 4± 4.14) % ]与治疗前基础水平 [(2 .35± 3.92 ) %P <0 .0 1]、常规治疗后 [(2 .5 7± 3.5 7) %P <0 .0 5 ]相比 ,有显著性改善。同时还观察到 ,与常规治疗相比较 ,辛伐他汀 (5mg/d或 10mg/d)治疗后血总胆固醇水平有明显降低。结论     

The evaluation of endothelial functions in patients with celiac disease

Aim: Celiac disease is characterized by malabsorption resulting from inflammatory injury to the mucosa of the small intestine after the ingestion of wheat gluten or related rye and barley proteins. This study aimed to identify individuals who are at risk of heart failure and increased risk for cardiovascular events by evaluating endothelial function in patients with celiac disease. Materials and Methods: The study included 36 patients with celiac disease and 35 healthy volunteers. After all routine laboratory examination, left ventricular functions were evaluated with standard two‐dimensional, M‐mode conventional Doppler methods. Then, flow‐mediated dilatation and nitroglycerin‐dependent dilatation tests on brachial artery were performed to all patients and controls. Results: A total of 36 celiac patients and 35 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The brachial artery diameter at baseline was similar between both groups. Measured brachial artery diameter after hyperemia was 30.19 ± 4.47 mm in celiac patients and 32.35 ± 3.77 mm in the control group. Differences between two groups were statistically significant (P = 0.031). Flow‐mediated vasodilatation was lower in celiac patients compared with in controls (10.61 ± 2.64% vs 13.09 ± 2.9%; P = 0.0003). Measured endothelium‐independent vasodilatation in the brachial artery before and after nitroglycerin was similar between both groups (P = 0.09 and P = 0.07, respectively). Conclusion: This research which aimed to evaluate endothelial dysfunction in patients with celiac disease is the first in the literature. As a result of this study, we found endothelial dysfunction at the macrovascular level in celiac patients. (Echocardiography 2012;29:471‐477)     

多普勒导丝评价猪急性冠状动脉闭塞侧支循环状态及硝酸甘油的影响

目的应用冠状动脉内多普勒导丝评价猪冠状动脉急性闭塞后侧支循环状况及硝酸甘油对其的影响.方法使用冠状动脉内多普勒导丝测定14头小型家猪正常状态及左回旋支急性闭塞后远端血管的血流频谱,并观察冠状动脉内应用硝酸甘油对其的影响.结果急性闭塞左回旋支远端的平均峰值流速(APV)明显低于正常[(0.97±1.05)cm/svs.(25.78±4.36)cm/s,P<0.01];应用硝酸甘油后梗死相关血管(IRA)血流呈现逆向或双向,APV绝对值较用药前明显增加[(0.97±1.05)cm/svs.(8.32±1.53)cm/s,P<0.01];闭塞后90 min基础及重复用药后APV分别为(0.99±1.14)cm/s和(9.02±1.47)cm/s,较闭塞即刻差异均无统计学意义.结论多普勒导丝可用来评价冠状动脉侧支循环,猪急性冠状动脉闭塞时侧支循环自身建立不足,硝酸甘油可明显增加冠状动脉侧支循环血流.     

Effects of nebivolol therapy on endothelial functions in cardiac syndrome X

Endothelial dysfunction is major pathophysiologic mechanism in cardiac syndrome X (CSX), which causes a decrease in plasma nitrite oxide (NO) levels. It was demonstrated that nebivolol improves endothelial function and increases NO release. Despite this pathophysiologic relation, the effect of nebivolol therapy on endothelial function in patients with CSX is unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nebivolol on patients in CSX. Thirty-eight patients who were diagnosed with CSX were prospectively enrolled in the study. The treatment group consisted of 20 patients and the control group consisted of 18 patients. An oral 5-mg dose of nebivolol was given daily and maintained for 4 weeks in the treatment group. Ultrasonographic parameters (brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation [FMD], brachial artery lumen diameters) and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], von Willebrand factor [vWf], and fibrinogen) were measured at baseline and end of the 4 weeks. Brachial baseline lumen diameter, brachial lumen diameter after reactive hyperemia, and FMD were 4.61 ± 0.49 mm, 4.87 ± 0.53 mm, and 5.6% ± 2.3% at baseline. After the nebivolol therapy, there was a significant increase in both brachial artery baseline lumen diameter and lumen diameter after reactive hyperemia (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002). However, there was no significant change in FMD (5.6% ± 2.2% vs 5.3% ± 2.1%, P not significant). Levels of hsCRP, vWf, and fibrinogen were significantly decreased (hsCRP: 3.4 ± 0.49 mg/dl vs 2.97 ± 0.74 mg/dl, P = 0.001; vWf: 107 ± 62 vs 86 ± 58, P = 0.004; fibrinogen: 341 ± 89 mg/dl vs 299 ± 87 mg/ dl, P = 0.01) in the treatment group. Nebivolol therapy may have a favorable effect on endothelial function in CSX. Further studies are needed to confirm the clinical significance of nebivolol therapy in CSX.     

Dissociation of coronary vascular tolerance and neurohormonal adjustments during long-term nitroglycerin therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Objectives. We sought to examine whether long-term nitroglycerin treatment causes tolerance in large coronary arteries and whether the loss of vascular effects parallels neurohormonal adjustments.Background. Nitroglycerin therapy is associated with increased plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels and a decrease in hematocrit. It is assumed that nitroglycerin tolerance results in part from these neurohormonal adjustments and intravascular volume expansion.Methods. Three groups were studies: group I (n = 10), no prior nitroglycerin therapy; and group II (n = 10) and group III (n = 8), 24- and 72-h long-term nitroglycerin infusion (0.5 μg/kg body weight per min), respectively. Coronary artery dimensions were assessed using quantitative angiography. Plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and vasopressin levels and hematocrit were monitored before and during nitroglycerin infusions.Results. In group I, increasing intravenous concentrations of nitroglycerin caused a dose-dependent increase of the midportion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (baseline diameter 2.13 ± 0.07 mm [mean ± SEM], maximally by 22 ± 2%) and left circumflex coronary artery (baseline diameter 2.08 ± 0.07 mm, maximally by 22 ± 3%). An intracoronary nitroglycerin bolus (0.2 mg) caused no further significant increase in diameter, indicating maximal dilation. In group II (n = 10), the baseline large coronary artery diameter under ongoing nitroglycerin was significantly larger than that in group I (left anterior descending artery 2.61 ± 0.08 mm, left circumflex artery 2.57 ± 0.08 mm). Additional intravenous and intracoronary nitroglycerin challenges did not cause further dilation, indicating maximally dilated vessels. At the same time, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and vasopressin levels were significantly increased, and hematocrit significantly decreased. In group III patients, the baseline diameter of the left anterior descending artery and the left circumflex artery did not differ from that in patients without nitroglycerin pretreatment, indicating a complete loss of nitroglycerin coronary vasodilative effects. These patients showed no significant increase in circulating neurohormonal levels but a significant decrease in hematocrit.Conclusions. Within 24 h of continuous nitroglycerin treatment, the coronary arteries were maximally dilated despite neurohormonal adjustments and signs of intravascular volume expansion. Within 3 days of nitroglycerin infusion, tolerance developed in the absence of neurohormonal activation. The dissociation of neurohormonal adjustments and tolerance in large coronary arteries indicates that after long-term nitroglycerin treatment, true vascular tolerance, perhaps from an intracellular tolerance step, may have developed.     

Structural and functional changes in peripheral vasculature of Fabry patients

Summary Objective: Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder due to deficient α-galactosidase A activity, which leads to glycosphingolipid accumulation especially in vascular smooth-muscle and endothelial cells. Little is known about the effects of Fabry disease on peripheral artery function and structure. Therefore, we aimed to further characterize the peripheral vascular structural and functional changes in Fabry disease. Methods and results: We measured structural and functional vascular parameters, including intima-media thickness (IMT) of brachial and carotid arteries and abdominal aorta, carotid and aortic compliance, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in 17 Fabry patients and 34 healthy controls matched for age, sex and smoking. Carotid IMT (0.64 ± 0.15 vs 0.57 ± 0.12 mm), brachial IMT (1.02 ± 0.25 vs 0.74 ± 0.18 mm), and aortic IMT (0.31 ± 0.09 vs 0.26 ± 0.04 mm) were significantly increased, and brachial FMD was significantly impaired (6.3 ± 5.0 vs 9.7 ± 3.9%) in Fabry patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05 in all comparisons after adjustments for age, LDL-cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure). No differences were observed in arterial compliance between the groups. Conclusions: These data suggest that Fabry disease affects arterial function and structure by disturbing peripheral endothelial function and promoting intima-media thickening. Competing interests: None declared     

老年女性冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化和血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的探讨

目的　观察老年女性冠心病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度 (IMT)、粥样斑块发生率及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的情况。方法　用高分辨超声技术对 89例老年女性行肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能 (FMD)、IMT及颈动脉粥样斑块的检测。结果　老年女性冠心病组FMD较对照组明显减弱 ,分别为 (3.5± 3.1) %及 (7.6± 3.5 ) % ,P <0 .0 0 1,老年女性冠心病组及对照组IMT分别为 (0 .88± 0 .2 0 )mm及 (0 .6 5± 0 .2 3)mm ,颈动脉粥样斑块发生率分别为 6 2 .2 %及11.4 % ,两组比较差异具有显著性意义 ,P <0 .0 0 1。结论　老年女性冠心病患者存在着严重的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍以及颈动脉粥样硬化 ,颈动脉B超及肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能对老年女性冠心病患者有一定的预测价值。     

短时运动对冠状动脉介入治疗术后冠心病患者肱动脉踝动脉脉搏波速度的影响

目的探讨短时运动对PCI术后冠心病患者肱动脉-踝动脉脉搏波速度(brachial-ankle artery pulse wave velocity.baPWV)的影响。方法选择PCI术后常规复查的男性冠心病患者69例,平板运动试验采用改良Bruce方案,试验前及试验结束后10 min测量患者baPWV值。结果患者短时运动后平均动脉压和baPWV值较运动前明显下降[(97.26±11.51)mm Hg vs(91.33±9.64)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.1 33 kPa),(1421.84±224.1 4)cm/svs(1 3 4i0.25±218.16)cm/s],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);收缩压和舒张压较运动前有所下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论短时运动可以有效改善冠心病患者的动脉僵硬度。     

Effects of nitroglycerin on supine and upright exercise in mitral stenosis

Resting, supine, and upright exercise hemodynamics were studied in 11 patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis before and after 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin. Resting mean pulmonary wedge pressure was reduced from 27 ± 1.6 to 21 ± 1.6 mm Hg (p < 0.001), while mean cardiac index (2.98 ± 0.40 vs 2.68 ± 0.30 cc/min/m²; NS) and mean heart rate (82 ± 4.4 vs 87 ± 6.7 bpm; NS) were unchanged after nitroglycerin. Resting mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure dropped from 11 ± 1.7 to 8 ± 1.1 mm Hg (p < 0.02) after nitroglycerin, while stroke index (37 ± 5.1 vs 32 ± 3.8 mm Hg; NS) was unchanged. Left ventricular systolic pressure fell from 122 ± 6.0 to 111 ± 3.1 mm Hg (p < 0.001) after nitroglycerin. At peak supine exercise similar qualitative changes were observed. Mean pulmonary wedge pressure was lower after nitroglycerin (43 ± 2.3 vs 36 ± 2.1 mm Hg; p < 0.02), while cardiac index (3.62 ± 0.39 vs 3.4 ± 0.26 cc/min/m²; NS) and heart rate (116 ± 7.1 vs 113 ± 4.6 bpm; NS) were not different. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (13 ± 1.4 vs 10 ± 1.3; NS) was slightly but not significantly reduced by nitroglycerin. Left ventricular stroke index (34 ± 3.4 vs 31 ± 2.2 mm Hg; NS) was unchanged by nitroglycerin. Left ventricular systolic pressure (137 ± 7.3 vs 127 ± 6.1 mm Hg; p < 0.02) was reduced 10 mm Hg at peak supine exercise after nitroglycerin. During upright exercise, peak heart rate (160 ± 8.1 vs 160 ± 8.0 bpm; NS) and peak systolic blood pressure (117 ± 5.7 vs 112 ± 2.8 mm Hg; NS) were not changed with nitroglycerin. Exercise duration was improved after introglycerin (5.02 ± 0.62 vs 5.66 ± 0.65 minutes; p < 0.02). Thus sublingual nitroglycerin lowers mean pulmonary wedge pressure to reduce pulmonary congestive symptoms, improves supine exercise hemodynamics, and may enhance treadmill exercise duration in some patients with pure or predominant mitral stenosis.     

空腹血糖受损与糖耐量受损患者血管内皮功能的对比研究

目的:应用多普勒超声技术检测空腹血糖受损(IFG)与糖耐量受损(IGT)患者的血管内皮功能,探讨其对动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法:根据口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)结果,选择血糖正常(NGT)组25例,IFG组24例,IGT组22例,检测TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及血管性血友病因子(vWF),OGTT后2h血糖(2hPG)及2h胰岛素(2hINS),以及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD)。结果:IGT组vWF较IFG组、NGT组明显升高[(170.25±21.76)%∶(155.16±17.19)%、(135.46±15.52)%,P<0.05～0.01],肱动脉EDD较IFG组、NGT组明显降低[(4.86±0.94)%∶(5.47±0.90)%、(6.24±0.97)%,P<0.05～0.01];IFG组vWF较NGT组明显升高[(155.16±17.19)%∶(135.46±15.52)%,P<0.05],肱动脉EDD较NGT组明显降低[(5.47±0.90)%∶(6.24±0.97)%,P<0.05]。多因素逐步回归分析显示,EDD与2hPG、LDL-C明显负相关(r分别为-0.73、-0.59,P<0.05)。结论:IGT较IFG对血管内皮功能危害更大,加强IGT防治对延缓动脉粥样硬化更为重要。