虹膜拉钩联合囊袋张力环在晶状体脱位中的应用

目的：评价虹膜拉钩联合囊袋张力环(capsular tension ring,CTR)在外伤性白内障晶状体脱位手术中的应用效果。

方法：对23例23眼合并晶状体半脱位的外伤性白内障患者行白内障手术,分为两组。观察组14眼术中使用虹膜拉钩固定囊袋,植入CTR,然后行超声乳化及后房型折叠人工晶状体囊袋内植入; 对照组9眼使用常规白内障超声乳化手术方式。

结果：两组间比较,观察组术后视力提高明显,二者比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01); 观察组并发症发生率低,二者比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。

结论：在超声乳化治疗晶状体脱位的白内障手术中运用CTR联合虹膜拉钩,能提高手术的可操作性和安全性,减少手术并发症,术后人工晶状体可以安全稳定地位于囊袋内,视力恢复好。     

台盼蓝染色技术在白内障超声乳化术中的应用

目的 观察在缺乏眼底红光反射的白内障超声乳化术中晶状体前囊膜台盼蓝染色技术的安全性及有效性。方法 对30例（30只眼）成熟期及过熟期白内障患者行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术,术中以0．1％的台盼蓝进行前囊膜染色,然后行连续环形撕囊术,观察术中情况,术后随访3个月,观察视力、眼压、角膜及房水情况。结果 30例白内障术中29例撕囊口边缘清晰可见．连续环形撕囊获得成功,手术顺利完成。1例术中囊膜染色不充分,囊口出现放射状撕裂,经补救撕囊．手术得以顺利进行。术后随访未发现与染色有关的眼部并发症。结论 在缺乏眼底红光反射的白内障超声乳化术中,以台盼蓝进行晶状体前囊膜染色后再行连续环形撕囊术是安全有效的方法。     

低浓度台盼蓝囊膜染色技术在白内障手术中的应用

目的：探讨台盼蓝染色晶状体前囊膜的最低有效浓度,评价白内障手术中应用囊膜染色技术的临床意义。

方法：收集2014-03/2016-12成熟期年龄相关性白内障患者60例60眼,晶状体皮质混浊程度为C4～C5、核混浊程度为N3(以晶状体混浊分类系统Ⅱ为标准),随机分为三组。三组患者术中分别使用0.03%、0.015%和0.0075%三种不同浓度台盼蓝。所有患者均由同一经验丰富手术医生完成手法小切口白内障手术。术中观察前囊膜染色情况以及撕囊难易程度。记录连续环形撕囊术(continuous circular capsulorhexis,CCC)成功、后囊袋破裂以及人工晶状体囊袋内植入情况。观察术后1d,1wk,3mo术眼角膜内皮细胞计数、眼压、前房炎症反应、角膜水肿和眼内结构染色情况。

结果：浓度低至0.015%的台盼蓝仍可对晶状体前囊膜有效染色,顺利完成CCC。0.03%与0.015%两组患者CCC成功率和IOL囊袋内植入率均高于0.0075%组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.0083)。三组患者后囊破裂发生率和角膜内皮细胞平均损失率两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.0083)。术后晶状体前囊撕囊口边缘及侧切口的着染均于1wk内消失,未见其他眼内结构蓝染,前房炎症反应轻,未发现超过1wk的角膜水肿和眼压升高。

结论：白内障手术中应用台盼蓝晶状体前囊膜染色技术安全有效,可提高手术成功率,建议使用台盼蓝最低有效浓度为0.015%。     

皮质混浊性白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的:探讨皮质混浊性白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的手术技巧及疗效。方法:对50例(53眼)皮质混浊性白内障行超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术,术后观察视力、并发症情况。结果:术后1wk最佳矫正视力≤0.1者2眼(3.7%);0.3～0.6者13眼(24.6%);0.6以上者38眼(71.2%)。结论:皮质完全混浊性白内障通过前囊膜染色完成前囊膜环行撕囊是手术成功的关键,乳化针头斜面向下和拦截劈裂超声碎核有效保护角膜内皮避免后囊膜破裂等并发症的发生。     

囊袋张力环联合虹膜拉钩在外伤性白内障晶状体脱位中的应用

目的:评价晶状体囊袋张力环(capsular tension ring,CTR)联合虹膜拉钩在外伤性白内障晶状体脱位手术中的应用效果。方法:对15例15眼合并晶状体半脱位的外伤性白内障患者行白内障手术,术中连续环形撕囊后,使用虹膜拉钩固定囊袋,植入CTR,然后行超声乳化及后房型折叠人工晶状体囊袋内植入。结果:15眼的人工晶状体均处于正位囊袋内。5眼术后12mo最佳矫正视力>0.8;6眼术后12mo最佳矫正视力>0.6,4眼术后视力较术前有提高,无后囊膜破裂,玻璃体进一步脱出,视网膜脱离等并发症的发生。结论:在超声乳化治疗晶状体脱位的白内障手术中运用CTR联合虹膜拉钩,能提高手术的可操作性和安全性,减少手术并发症,术后人工晶状体可以安全稳定地位于囊袋内,且居中性良好。     

虹膜拉钩联合张力环缝合在治疗晶状体半脱位继发青光眼中的应用

目的：探讨虹膜拉钩联合张力环缝合在超声乳化治疗晶状体半脱位继发青光眼中的应用效果。

方法：回顾性病例研究,将2017-10/2020-05长春爱尔眼科医院收治的晶状体半脱位继发急性青光眼患者18眼作为观察组,所有患者在虹膜拉钩辅助下行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术,术中用虹膜拉钩固定囊袋,植入囊袋张力环(CTR)并固定于脱位侧巩膜。将2015-10/2017-10行白内障囊内摘除联合IOL悬吊术11眼作为对照组。术后观察视力、眼压、晶状体囊袋和IOL位置,记录并发症。

结果：术后至少随访12(12～40)mo,观察组及对照组患者眼压均恢复正常,与术前相比有差异(t=9.994、8.790,均P<0.001)。术后12mo观察组及对照组视力较术前明显提高(Z=-3.900,P<0.001; Z=-3.002,P=0.003)。观察组18眼IOL位置均居中,无IOL夹持、脱位等并发症发生。对照组11眼IOL位置8眼居中,3眼轻度偏位,2眼出现黄斑囊样水肿。

结论：虹膜拉钩联合囊袋张力环缝合植入可作为晶状体半脱位继发青光眼施行原位超声乳化白内障吸出折叠IOL植入术的有效辅助手段,有效控制眼压,并能维持术后囊袋长期稳定性。     

虹膜拉钩联合囊袋张力环在晶状体半脱位白内障患者术中的应用

目的探讨虹膜拉钩联合囊袋张力环（CTR）在晶状体半脱位白内障患者术中应用的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性病例研究。各种原因晶状体半脱位白内障患者22例（22眼）,其中外伤性白内障13眼,马凡氏综合征4眼,白内障超声乳化术中悬韧带离断3眼,不明原因者2眼。行3.2 mm透明角膜隧道切口及连续环形撕囊,150°穿刺刀做间隔90°的4个角膜缘穿刺切口,用4个一次性虹膜拉钩钩住撕囊边缘,植入CTR,超声乳化摘除白内障,囊袋内植入后房型人工晶状体。结果22例晶状体半脱位白内障患者均顺利植入了囊袋张力环及后房型人工晶状体,术后患者视力得到提高,所有植入的人工晶状体均基本位于正位,无明显倾斜、偏位。术后随访6～36个月,最佳矫正视力0.2～0.4者6眼,0.5～0.8者11眼,0.8以上者5眼,4例患者出现后发性白内障,未见视网膜脱离等其他并发症。结论在晶状体半脱位白内障超声乳化术中运用虹膜拉钩联合CTR植入,能提高手术安全性,减少手术并发症,是一种有效的白内障超声乳化手术辅助工具。     

非染色连续环形撕囊在白色白内障超声乳化中的应用观察

目的:探讨非染色连续环形撕囊超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗白色白内障的疗效。方法:对458眼白色白内障施行非染色连续环形撕囊超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术,观察其撕囊成功率、术中的并发症、术后视力、术后角膜水肿反应等指标。结果:患者458眼中撕囊成功441眼(96.3%),17眼(3.7%)囊膜出现放射状撕裂,以剪刀剪出一囊膜瓣再完成撕囊。术中后囊膜破裂9眼(2.0%),术后轻度角膜水肿94眼(20.5%),中度水肿29眼(6.3%),重度水肿8眼(1.7%),水肿均在2～10d内消退,无角膜内皮失代偿。术后第1d视力均有明显的提高,视力>0.3者329眼(71.8%),术后1wk视力>0.5者417眼(91.0%)。结论:非染色连续环形撕囊超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术治疗白色白内障虽手术操作较为困难,但熟练后成功率较高,术后视力恢复良好。     

连续环形撕囊失败后白内障超声乳化IOL植入术分析

目的：分析连续环形撕囊失败后超声乳化人工晶状体(IOL)植入的可行性,探讨其后手术步骤的注意点及并发症的处理。

方法：对56眼连续环形撕囊失败后行白内障超声乳化IOL植入术患者进行分析。

结果：本组56眼均完成超声乳化IOL植入术,术中出现后囊膜破裂4眼,均植入IOL。

结论：连续环形撕囊失败后对撕裂处囊膜及时补救,对随后手术步骤认真分析、谨慎处理,仍可顺利完成超声乳化IOL植入术。     

白内障超声乳化手术在基层医院开展初期并发症及原因分析

目的：探讨在基层医院开展白内障超声乳化手术初期的术中及术后短期并发症的原因。

方法：总结我院2011-02/2012-02白内障患者200例250眼表面麻醉下白内障超声乳化吸出+人工晶状体植入术后的短期并发症。

结果：患者250眼手术后囊膜破裂6眼(2.4%),前囊膜撕裂15眼(6%),悬韧带断裂3眼(1.2%),虹膜损伤5眼(2%),切口损伤5眼(2%)。

结论：白内障超声乳化吸出+人工晶状体植入术是安全的,但在基层医院开展初期,因对手术不够熟悉,会出现并发症。     

Trypan-blue- and endoillumination-assisted phacoemulsification in eyes with vitreous hemorrhage during combined cataract and vitreous surgery

PURPOSE: To study the safety and usefulness of trypan blue application and conventional endoillumination for enhancing visualization during phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation in cases of cataract with vitreous hemorrhage. METHODS: Ten eyes of 10 patients with cataract and coexisting vitreous hemorrhage underwent combined trypan-blue- and endoillumination-assisted phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation with vitrectomy. In a two-step surgery, after staining the anterior capsule with trypan blue, continuous circular capsulorhexis was performed; then, phacoemulsification was performed using conventional endoillumination. Specular microscopy was performed before and 3 months after surgery on eyes that underwent trypan-blue- and endoillumination-assisted phacoemulsification and on control eyes that underwent standard phacoemulsification to evaluate the toxic effect of trypan blue on corneal endothelial cells. RESULTS: Trypan blue application improved visualization of the anterior capsule, and a complete capsulorhexis could be performed in all eyes. In all 10 eyes, endoillumination was required to visualize the lens structure, and phacoemulsification could be accomplished. Specular microscopy revealed that there was no significant difference in the level of corneal endothelial cell loss between the trypan-blue- and endoillumination-assisted phacoemulsification group and the control group. CONCLUSION: The described double visualization technique may assist phacoemulsification in selected cases of cataract with vitreous hemorrhage.     

Trypan blue assisted phacoemulsification in corneal opacities

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of trypan blue for enhancing visualisation during phacoemulsification and foldable lens implantation in cases of cataract with corneal opacities. METHODS: 11 eyes of 11 patients with nebulomacular corneal opacities involving the visual axis with partially and visually debilitating cataract underwent trypan blue assisted phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation. The patients were followed at the first day, first week, first month, and third month postoperatively. Completion of capsulorhexis, phacoemulsification with foldable lens implantation, and postoperative best corrected visual acuity were measured. RESULTS: The dye improved visualisation of the anterior capsule and a complete capsulorhexis could be performed successfully in all eyes. In all but one eye phacoemulsification was accomplished successfully. In one eye with Fuchs' dystrophy penetrating keratoplasty was performed later. Visual acuity was < or = 6/60 preoperatively in all eyes and improved to > or = 6/24 in eight eyes postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Trypan blue assisted phacoemulsification may be performed in selected cases of corneal haze/opacification with cataract. It provides acceptable visual outcome in cases awaiting penetrating keratoplasty or in cases where it is not feasible or promising.     

Anterior capsule staining for capsulorhexis in cases of white cataract: comparative clinical study

PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of trypan blue 0.1%, gentian violet 0.001%, indocyanine green 0.5% (ICG), fluorescein 2%, and the patient's autologous blood for anterior capsule staining in cases of white cataract. SETTING: Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. METHODS: Fifty eyes of 50 patients with age-related white cataract had anterior capsule staining with trypan blue, ICG, or gentian violet under an air bubble or subcapsularly with fluorescein or autologous blood followed by phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation. Each stain was used in 10 eyes. The ease of creating a continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) and the complications during the surgery were noted. Postoperative examinations at 6 hours, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month included slitlamp microscopy, uncorrected visual acuity, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The staining patterns on the anterior capsule, side port, corneal tunnel, and anterior cortex were assessed intraoperatively and within 6 hours and at 1 day. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was assessed at 1 day; pachymetry, at 1 day and 1 month; and the endothelial cell count, at 1 month. RESULTS: The surgeon had best visualization during the anterior capsulorhexis with trypan blue, ICG, and gentian violet, and a complete CCC was achieved in all eyes in the 3 groups. Two eyes each in the fluorescein and autologous blood groups had extension of the CCC so that the capsulorhexis was complete but not curvilinear. Anterior capsule fibrosis was detected with trypan blue (1 eye) and ICG (2 eyes). The anterior vitreous was stained with fluorescein in 2 eyes. All eyes achieved a BCVA of 20/30 or better from 1 week postoperatively to the last follow-up. The side port and corneal tunnel were stained most intensely with gentian violet followed by trypan blue and ICG and less intensely with fluorescein and autologous blood. The IOP, pachymetry, and endothelial cell loss were comparable between the stains. CONCLUSION: Although trypan blue, ICG, gentian violet, fluorescein, and autologous blood were safely used to stain the anterior capsule for phacoemulsification in eyes with white cataract, trypan blue, ICG, and gentian violet were more effective in staining the capsule.     

台盼蓝在白色白内障超声乳化术中的应用

目的 探讨台盼蓝对晶状体前囊染色在白色白内障手术中应用效果。方法82例87眼随机分为染色组43例46眼与对照组39例41眼，染色组术中用台盼蓝染色，观察前囊膜着色效果、撕囊成功率、在超声乳化术中囊膜保护的完整率以及术中、术后并发症等，并与对照组进行统计学分析。结果染色组前囊膜均均匀着色，撕囊成功率与术中囊膜完整率均为100％，与对照组比较有明显统计学差异；术后视力、眼压、炎症反应、角膜内皮水肿与对照组比较无统计学差异。结论台盼蓝染色是一种简单安全的晶状体前囊膜染色技术，提高了前囊膜的可见度，有助于白色白内障超声乳化术连续环形撕囊术(continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis,COC)和整个手术的顺利进行。     

台盼蓝囊膜染色剂在复明工程成熟期白内障手术撕囊中的应用

目的 探讨台盼蓝囊膜染色剂在白内障复明工程白内障手术撕囊中的应用价值。设计 回顾性比较性病例系列。研究对象 2012-2013年期间河北省兴隆县人民医院“百万贫困白内障患者复明工程” 成熟期或过熟期白内障手术患者84例（84眼）。方法 随机分为观察组和对照组,每组42例（42眼）。观察组超声乳化白内障手术过程中接受0.1 ml 0.1%台盼蓝磷酸盐缓冲溶液前囊膜染色后行连续环形撕囊,对照组超声乳化白内障术中撕囊前未予染色。主要指标  术中囊膜染色情况,撕囊成功率,术后视力、眼压、前房炎症反应、角膜水肿及后囊混浊情况。结果 观察组台盼蓝染色后,晶状体前囊膜100%被染成淡蓝色。撕囊成功率观察组97.6%,对照组78.6%（P=0.003）;术后1个月视力、眼压、前房炎症反应、角膜水肿情况两组比较差异无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）;术后3个月后囊膜明显混浊观察组1/42例、对照组6/42例（P=0.027）。结论 白内障复明工程成熟期或过熟期白内障手术中采取台盼蓝囊膜染色剂行前囊膜染色,使连续环形撕囊相对容易,保证手术更顺利进行。（眼科,2014,23：271-273）     

Comparing the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification in white mature and other types of senile cataracts

Aim: To compare the intraoperative difficulty and postoperative outcome in patients who have white mature cataract in one eye and other types of senile cataract in the other eye undergoing clear corneal phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: 82 patients who had white mature cataract in one eye, posterior subcapsular, cortical, nuclear, or mixed type cataract in the other eye were enrolled in this prospective study. Postoperative outcomes, intraoperative difficulties related to capsulorhexis, and phacoemulsification were analysed between the two groups of eyes. Postoperative examinations were done at 1 day, 1 week, 1 and 3 months. RESULTS: Postoperative visual acuity, central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and rate of posterior capsule rupture were not significantly different between the two group of eyes (p>0.05). Mean effective phaco time, frequency of postoperative corneal oedema and posterior capsular plaque were found to be significantly higher in the mature cataract group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A one stage, 5 mm continuous capsulorhexis was achieved using trypan blue and generous amounts of retentive viscoelastic agent in eyes with white mature cataract. Intraoperative difficulties and postoperative outcome of clear corneal incision phacoemulsification surgery and foldable intraocular lens implantation were similar in white mature and other types of senile cataract. Topical anaesthesia in phacoemulsification of eyes with white mature cataract is safe and well tolerated.     

Staining the Anterior Capsule with Indocyanine Green or Trypan Blue for Capsulorhexis in Eyes with White Cataract

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of indocyanine green (ICG) 0.5% and trypan blue 0.1% for anterior capsule staining in cases of white cataract. Methods: This prospective study comprised 55 eyes of 55 patients with white cataract that had phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation. ICG in 30 eyes and trypan blue in 25 eyes were used under air to stain the anterior lens capsule. The staining patterns and the ease of creating a continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) were assessed; the intraoperative and postoperative complications were noted. The mean follow-up was 17.68±1.65 months. Result: Either ICG or trypan blue stained the anterior capsule uniformly. However, the staining provided by trypan blue was slightly superior. A CCC was successfully achieved in 25 eyes (100%) with trypan blue, and 29 eyes (96.7%) with ICG, respectively. There was no significant postoperative reaction in any eye. Conclusion: The use of vital dyes such as ICG and trypan blue guarantees a complete CCC and makes it possible to deliver the benefits of phacoemulsification in the patients with white cataract.