Effects of primary glaucoma on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of patients residing at an equatorial latitude

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and the safety of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) implantation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: This prospective, single-center, phase 3 clinical study enrolled 124 eyes of 82 RP patients. The patients received 5 million UC-MSCs to the suprachoroidal area with a surgical procedure. Patients were evaluated on the 1st day, 1st and 6th month postoperatively. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment and fundus examinations, color photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual ?eld (VF) tests were carried out at each visit. Fundus ?uorescein angiography (FFA) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) recordings were performed at the end of the 6th month. Ocular and systemic adverse events of the surgical procedure were also noted. RESULTS: All of the 82 patients completed the 6-month follow-up period. None of them had any serious systemic or ocular complications. There were statistically significant improvements in BCVA and VF during the study (all P<0.05). The amplitudes of the P1 waves in the central areas showed significant improvements in mfERG recordings. There were also significant increases in implicit times of P1 waves in the central areas. CONCLUSION: Suprachoroidal administration of UC-MSCs has beneficial effect on BCVA, VF, and mfERG measurements during the 6-month follow-up period. Cell mediated therapy based on the secretion of growth factors (GFs) seems to be an effective and safe option for degenerative retinal diseases.     

Melatonin concentrations in serum of primary glaucoma patients

AIM: To determine whether glaucoma patients exhibit an abnormal melatonin concentration in serum and the effects of psychiatric disorders caused by glaucoma in melatonin secretion. METHODS: A sample of 80 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients, 120 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and 120 normal controls were enrolled in this study. All the participants were asked to complete the following questionnaires: Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS). Variance analysis was used to compare the subscores between the groups. After that, we chose 58 patients with primary glaucoma and 20 non-glaucoma control patients to collect their serum samples at 7-10 a.m. Serum melatonin levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Of all participants, the scores of PSQI, SAS, and SDS in PACG and POAG group were 9.38±0.40, 46.08±8.99, 51.11±10.72 and 7.43±0.35, 45.42±9.87, 49.04±12.24 respectively, significantly higher than those in control group (4.16±0.28, 35.49±9.18, 40.31±13.08). The serum melatonin levels in PACG (37.29±2.99 pg/mL) and POAG (35.97±3.64 pg/mL) were significantly higher than the controls (29.96±3.94 pg/mL) (P<0.001). But no difference was found between the PACG and POAG (P=0.216). Glaucoma patients with sleep disorders, anxiety and depression were more likely resulting in the increase of melatonin levels. CONCLUSION: There is a significant increase in serum melatonin levels in glaucoma patients compared to the controls especially in glaucoma patients with psychiatric disorders such as sleep disorders, anxiety and depression.     

急性原发性房角关闭患者昼夜节律状况的研究

目的 研究急性原发性房角关闭(APAC)患者急性发作前的昼夜节律,调查患者在发作前是否存在昼夜节律紊乱,探讨昼夜节律紊乱与APAC的因果关系。方法 收集2016年2月至2018年1月中山大学中山眼科中心海南眼科医院APAC患者46例(APAC组),可疑原发性房角关闭患者(PACS组)30例和健康对照人群(NC组)40例,均为单眼。所有受试者均接受匹斯堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)问卷调查,利用相关参数反应昼夜节律,比较3组受试者的睡眠状况。结果 在PSQI总得分参数中,APAC组和PACS组患者总得分均>7分,说明均存在睡眠障碍,且与PACS组和NC组比较,APAC组患者PSQI总得分差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。PACS组与NC组受试者的PSQI总得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在睡眠质量参数中,APAC组与NC组受试者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与PACS组比较,NC组和APAC组受试者差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。与PACS组和NC组比较,APAC组患者睡眠时间、睡眠效率、依赖睡眠药物、睡眠紊乱以及白天困倦情况差异均有统计...     

蓝光滤过型人工晶状体对青光眼白内障患者白内障术后睡眠质量的影响

目的　观察青光眼合并白内障患者行白内障超声乳化吸出联合蓝光滤过型人工晶状体植入术后睡眠质量的情况。方法　本研究为前瞻性研究,选取2017年1月至2018年1月于北京市回民医院眼科就诊的分别行双眼白内障超声乳化吸出联合蓝光滤过型人工晶状体植入术治疗的患者99例198眼,将所有患者分为两组:青光眼合并白内障组49例98眼,单纯白内障组50例100眼。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）量表对入组患者进行白内障术前及术后1个月、3个月的调查评分,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果　青光眼合并白内障组PSQI总分值术前为（7.00±1.09）分,术后1个月为（5.00±1.04）分,术后3个月为（5.00±1.03）分,术后1个月、3个月较术前均有改善,差异均有统计学意义(F=12.35、12.36,均为P=0.02)。单纯白内障组PSQI总分值术前为（7.00±1.02）分,术后1个月为（4.00±1.09）分,术后3个月为（4.00±1.06）分,术后1个月、3个月较术前均有改善,差异均有统计学意义(F=15.46、15.47,均为P=0.01)。青光眼合并白内障组与单纯白内障组术前PSQI 总分差异无统计学意义(t=0.09、P=0.80),术后1个月、3个月青光眼合并白内障组PSQI总分值高于单纯白内障组,差异均有统计学意义 (t=0.08、0.21,P=0.02、0.01)。结论　蓝光滤过型人工晶状体对青光眼白内障患者术后睡眠质量无负面影响,单纯白内障患者较青光眼合并白内障患者行白内障术后睡眠质量改善幅度更大。     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anterior segment parameters in the subtypes of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) using ultrasound biomicroscopy. METHODS: Five groups, each comprising 30 consecutive patients, diagnosed to have subacute PACG, acute PACG, chronic PACG, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy controls were included in the present study. All patients underwent slit-lamp biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy, 90D fundus examination, gonioscopy, applanation tonometry, visual field testing, A-scan biometry, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). The anterior segment parameters recorded included: trabecular-iris angle, angle opening distance, trabecular ciliary process distance, and the iris thickness among other parameters. RESULTS: On ultrasound biomicroscopy the trabecular iris angle of control and POAG groups was more than all the subtypes of PACG (P < 0.001). The trabecular iris angle of subacute PACG (P < 0.001) and chronic PACG (P = 0.003) was more than acute PACG. Angle opening distance of controls and POAG group was significantly more than acute PACG and chronic PACG (P < 0.001). The trabecular ciliary process distance of POAG group and controls was more than subacute PACG, acute PACG, and chronic PACG. The trabecular ciliary process distance of subacute PACG (P < 0.001) and chronic PACG (P < 0.001) was more than acute PACG. Eyes with acute PACG had the least iris thickness at the three different positions tested. There was a positive correlation between the anterior chamber angle (trabecular iris angle) and the following parameters: trabecular ciliary process distance, angle opening distance, anterior chamber depth, and the axial length (r = 0.57). CONCLUSION: Eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma have a thinner iris with a shorter trabecular iris angle, angle opening distance, and trabecular ciliary process distance. The eyes with acute primary angle closure glaucoma have the narrowest angle recess.     

High prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma

PURPOSE: Elevated intraocular pressure and systemic hemodynamic changes are main risk factors in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) characterized by snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia is accompanied by large swings in blood pressure and repetitive hypoxic periods during sleep. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is any relationship between SDB and POAG. METHODS: Consecutively, 212 outpatients with POAG and 218 outpatients without POAG were recruited. Both eyes were examined. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect SDB-related symptoms. RESULTS: After controlling for age, relative to control group, POAG patients showed a high prevalence of snoring (47.6%, p=0.04), snoring plus, excessive daytime sleepiness (27.3%, p=0.01) and snoring plus, excessive daytime sleepiness, plus insomnia (14.6%, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of SDB in patients with POAG. Chronic hemodynamic changes and recurrent severe hypoxia resulting from SDB may contribute to anoxic optic nerve damage, implicated in glaucoma.     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者睡眠质量分析

 目的 分析中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（CSC）患者睡眠质量状况。设计 问卷调查。研究对象 中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者21例,健康对照者21例。 方法 应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI）评估CSC患者和正常对照组的睡眠质量状况,受试者独立自我评定。主要指标 PSQI各因子评分及总分。结果 CSC组PSQI总均分为8.76±5.07,与正常对照组（3.57±1.72）相比差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）;睡眠质量评分1.67±0.86,入睡时间评分1.33±1.32,日间功能评分2.24±0.10,睡眠效率评分0.86±1.15,睡眠障碍评分1.38±0.67,与对照组（分别为：0.71±0.64、0.24±0.44、0.90±0.54、0.19±0.40、0.95±0.22）相比差异均有统计学意义（P均<0. 05）。结论 不同程度的睡眠障碍可能是CSC患者的发病因素之一。（眼科, 2013, 22: 124-126）     

Differences in the histopathology and matrix metalloproteinase expression in Tenon's tissue of primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma

PURPOSE: To investigate the differences in the histopathology and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in the Tenon's tissue of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients, and non-glaucomatous patients. METHODS: POAG and PACG patients, who underwent a trabeculectomy and had no history of ocular disease except glaucoma, were enrolled. The number and instillation period of topical eye drops were reviewed. For the controls, which were patients without glaucoma or a history of ocular surgery, the Tenon's tissue was obtained in the course of retinal detachment surgery. For glaucoma patients, the Tenon's tissue was obtained during the trabeculectomy. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were performed. A total of six eyes of POAG, six eyes of PACG, and four control eyes were evaluated. RESULTS: The duration of topical anti-glaucoma medication and the mean number of anti-glaucoma medications were similar in the POAG and PACG groups. The levels of MMP-1 and 2 were elevated in the POAG and PACG groups compared to the control group (p=0.03, 0.01, respectively). Compared with the control group, the MMP-2 level was higher in the POAG patients (p=0.01), whereas the MMP-1 was higher in the PACG patients (p=0.04). The levels of MMP-9 in the POAG and PACG patients were not significantly different from that of the control patients (p=0.48, 0.26). The levels of MMP-2 were significantly lower in the PACG patients than in the POAG patients (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The MMP expression was altered in the Tenon's tissue of glaucoma patients compared to the control group. The levels of MMP-2 were lower in the PACG patients than in the POAG patients. These results suggest that there may be histopathological differences in the Tenon's tissue of POAG and PACG patients.     

The effect of cataract surgery on sleep quality: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on sleep quality and to compare the difference between ultraviolet-blocking clear intraocular lens (UVB-IOL) and blue-filtering intraocular lens (BF-IOL) implantation. METHODS: Electronic search was performed of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to January 2016. Studies were eligible when they evaluated the sleep quality before and after cataract surgery by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). A random/fixed-effects Meta-analysis was used for the pooled estimate. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test. RESULTS: Six studies were selected from 5623 references. Cataract surgery significantly reduced the PSQI scores at postoperative 0-3mo [mean difference (MD) =-0.62, 95%CI: -1.14 to -0.11, P=0.02, I2=66%] and 3-12mo (MD=-0.32, 95%CI: -0.62 to -0.02, P=0.04, I2=0), respectively. Considering different intraocular lens (IOL) implantations, relative post-operative PSQI reduction was found for both UVB-IOL and BF-IOL, but a significant reduction was detected only for UVB-IOL. No significant difference was found with the effect of BF-IOL vs UVB-IOL on sleep quality. CONCLUSION: This study found that cataract surgery significantly improved the PSQI score-derived subjective sleep quality irrespective of the IOL type implanted. These findings highlight a substantial benefit of cataract surgery on systemic health with photoreceptive restoration in addition to visual acuity improvements.     

【In Press】 The effect of cataract surgery on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on sleep quality and to compare the difference between ultraviolet-blocking clear intraocular lens (UVB-IOL) and blue-filtering intraocular lens (BF-IOL) implantation. METHODS: Electronic search was performed of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to January 2016. Studies were eligible when it they evaluated the sleep quality before and after cataract surgery by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A random /fixed-effects meta-analysis was used for the pooled estimate. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test. RESULTS: Six studies were selected from 5623 references. Cataract surgery significantly reduced the PSQI scores at postoperative 0-3mo [mean difference (MD) =-0.62, 95%CI: -1.14 to -0.11, P=0.02, I2=66%] and 3-12mo (MD=-0.32, 95%CI:-0.62 to -0.02, P=0.04, I2=0), respectively. Considering different IOL implantations, relative post-operative PSQI reduction was found for both UVB-IOL and BF-IOL, but a significant reduction was detected only for UVB-IOL. No significant difference was found with the effect of BF-IOL vs UVB-IOL on sleep quality. CONCLUSION: This study found that cataract surgery significantly improved the PSQI score-derived subjective sleep quality irrespective of the intraocular lens type implanted. These findings highlight a substantial benefit of cataract surgery on systemic health with photoreceptive restoration in addition to visual acuity improvements.     

原发性闭角型青光眼相关因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)的危险因素.方法 采用1:1配对病例对照研究设计.收集2004年2月至2005年6月在南通大学附属医院眼科诊治的192例原发性闭角型青光眼患者,以年龄、性别作为匹配条件,选择有其他眼部疾患的192例患者作为对照组,通过χ2检验比较PACG病例组与对照组在人群特征、生活行为习惯、既往病史、青光眼家族史及眼底、屈光、眼压、A超等方面的差异.结果 单因素分析提示,居住农村(OR=2.40,P=0.000)、高文化程度(OR=0.21,P=0.000)、高经济收入(OR=0.34,P=0.000)、高血压(OR=3.05,P=0.000)、青光眼阳性家族史(OR=5.59,P=0.001)、浅前房(OR=11.25,P:0.000)、大杯盘比(OR:8.81,P=0.000)、近视眼(OR=0.31,P=0.000)、近距离看电视(OR=0.47,P=0.001)是PACG的独立相关冈素.多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示,高血压(DR=2.004,P=0.009)、青光眼家族史(OR=6.726,P=0.003)、远视眼(OR=3.192,P=0.031)、浅前房(OR=12.804,P=0.000)、大杯盘比(OR=9.401,P=0.007)等因素与PACG存在关联性.未发现吸烟、饮酒、近视眼、糖尿病、血型等因素与PACG存在统计学关联.结论 高血压可能与PACG存在关联性,眼科医师应定期随访具有青光眼家族史、浅前房及大杯盘比等特征的青光眼高危人群.     

Optic disc morphology in primary open-angle glaucoma versus primary angle-closure glaucoma in South India

Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the optic disc morphology in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) versus primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in South Indians.Methods:A total of 60 patients (60 eyes) with PACG and 52 patients (52 eyes) with POAG were included in a cross-sectional observational study. The glaucoma diagnosis was based on a glaucomatous appearance of the optic disc correlating with visual field defects. The glaucoma was graded as early, moderate, or severe, depending upon perimetric loss. All patients underwent an ophthalmic evaluation, including visual field examination and planimetric analysis of 30° stereoscopic color optic disc photographs.Results:The POAG and PACG groups did not differ significantly in a disc or rim area, rim width, and frequencies of disc hemorrhages or rim notches. However, early POAG group (n = 15) had a significantly deeper cup depth (P = 0.01), larger beta zone (P = 0.01), and a higher frequency of localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects (P = 0.02) than early PACG (n = 20).Conclusion:In the early stage of the disease, POAG compared to PACG may be characterized by deeper disc cupping, a larger beta zone of peripapillary atrophy, and a higher frequency of localized RNFL defects. Such differences in early glaucoma may suggest differences in pathophysiology in POAG and PACG.     

超声乳化联合小梁切除术及术中应用5-氟尿嘧啶治疗青光眼合并白内障的长期疗效观察

目的探讨超声乳化联合小梁切除术及术中应用5氟尿嘧啶(5fluorouracil,5Fu)治疗青光眼合并白内障的疗效。方法对1996年1月至1998年12月,在新加坡国立眼科中心行超声乳化联合小梁切除术及术中应用5Fu治疗的71例(71只眼)原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)和原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。除外随访时间<6个月的患者。结果术后患者平均眼压和平均用药种数均较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<001)。术后随访1~5年的患者眼压与术前比较均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<001)。手术完全成功率1、3及5年分别为842%、627%及553%。在手术完全成功的条件下,POAG与PACG(P=0281)、同一切口与不同切口(P=0487)手术疗效比较(采用Cox模型进行多因素生存分析),手术成功率差异无统计学意义(P>005)。但POAG与PACG术后平均眼压比较,差异有统计学意义(P=002)。术后较术前平均视力提高差异有统计学意义(P<001)。术后与术前平均视野缺损(MD)值(P=055)和模式标准差(PSD)值(P=064)比较,差异无统计学意义,表明患者术后视野保持稳定。术后4d发生眼内炎1例,术后晚期由于脉络膜渗漏和伤口漏引起低眼压2例。结论超声乳化联合小梁切除术及术中应用5Fu治疗POAG和PACG的成功率高,手术安全,长期观察疗效稳定。POAG与PACG或     

Entropion uveae: early sphincter atrophy, signposting primary angle closure glaucoma?

PURPOSE: An easily recognized clinical marker for early changes of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) or eyes predisposed to angle closure is important so that timely laser iridotomy can prevent morbidity. Pupillary ruff changes, specifically appearance of entropion uveae (EU), are frequent in eyes with PACG. METHODS: Pupillary ruff was examined under magnification and EU, if present, was graded and correlated with gonioscopic grading and presence of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) in consecutive patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), non-glaucomatous controls, and PACG of the subacute, acute, chronic symptomatic, and creeping angle closure glaucoma subgroups. RESULTS: No POAG eye had an abnormal pupillary ruff. A total of 86.7% of subacute PACG eyes and all eyes with acute and chronic PACG showed some grade of EU. Iridocorneal synechiae were more significantly correlated with EU than goniosynechiae (p<0.001). Meridian of iridocorneal but not iridotrabecular synechiae could be correlated with the meridian of EU. In age-matched patients EU was only present in eyes with steep iris configuration, with significant correlation with narrow angles and goniosynechiae. In the detection of PACG the presence of EU Grade I was 94.9% sensitive and 98.2% specific for PACG eyes compared to the gonioscopic picture of angle closure in occludable angles. Its positive predictive value was 91.4%. CONCLUSIONS: EU shows significant correlation with narrow angles, steep iris configuration, and PAS. Kinking of radial iris arteries during angle closure probably causes temporary ischemia, especially of end arteries supplying area of the pupil and sphincter pupillae. EU emerges as an easily observed, objective marker for PACG.     

夜戴型角膜塑形镜对近视患者睡眠质量的影响

目的：观察配戴夜戴型角膜塑形镜对近视患者睡眠质量的影响。

方法：选取就诊于福建中医药大学附属人民医院眼科配戴夜戴型角膜塑形镜的近视患者30例58眼为试验组,随机选取同期配戴框架眼镜的近视患者30例60眼作为对照组。所有患者分别于戴镜前和戴镜后1、3mo应用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)进行睡眠质量评估, 观察比较两组患者的睡眠质量。

结果：试验组患者戴镜前、戴镜后1、3mo等效球镜度数分别为-2.78±0.90、-0.30±0.31、-0.28±0.30D,戴镜后1、3mo分别与戴镜前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。戴镜前、戴镜后1、3mo试验组PSQI评分分别是2.13±1.36、2.47±1.98、1.74±1.39分。试验组与对照组比较,戴镜后3mo主观睡眠质量评分的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而PSQI评分和入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能的评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：配戴夜戴型角膜塑形镜对近视患者总体睡眠质量无明显影响,在配戴初期患者主观睡眠质量下降。     

白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术对早期原发性青光眼眼压控制效果分析

目的 观察早期原发性青光眼行超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后眼内压(IOP)控制情况,分析与术后IOP控制效果相关的影响因素.方法 回顾性选择原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)43例(43只眼)和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)早期患者32例(32只眼),均行标准3.2mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化联合折叠人工晶状体植入术,术后2年定期随访.手术成功标准为:术后IOP保持在6～21mmHg,青光眼神经病变及相应视野缺损无明显进展,无需再行抗青光眼手术治疗.结果 白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后,PACG组有28例(65.1%)、POAG组有12例(37.5%)术后IOP控制良好,2年累计生存率之间存在差异(P＜0.05).PACG组成功与失败病例在术前IOP(33.0±5.3)mmHg vs(40.1±3.6)mmHg,P＜0.01、抗青光眼药物数量(2.9±0.9vs4.1±0.4,P＜0.01)、房角粘连范围(2.9±0.5)钟点vs(4.2±0.8)钟点,P＜0.01)之间的差异具有统计学意义,而POAG组成功与失败病例在术前IOP(25.3±3.4)mmHgvs(35.4±3.6)mmHg,P＜0.01、抗青光眼药物数量(1.2±0.4vs2.8±0.9,P＜0.01)之间的差异具有统计学意义.Cox逐步回归分析发现,在PACG组中术前IOP(P＜0.05,RR=1.17)、PAS(P＜0.01,RR=3.971),在POAG组中术前IOP(P＜0.01,RR=1.284),与相应两组术后生存时间具有相关性.结论 在术前PACG患者考虑到IOP和房角粘连范围、POAG患者考虑到IOP的条件下,超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术对于伴有白内障的早期原发性青光眼,是一种可供选择的有效的控制眼内压的治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To assess and find associated factors for favorable postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in patients with primary glaucoma on early stage.Methods Forty-five patients (43 eyes) with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and 32 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were retrospectively selected.All patients had undergone standard 3.2mm limbal incision phacoemulsification,and 2 years of routine follow-up after cataract surgery.Success was defined as an IOP between 6-21mmHg,with fewer antiglaucoma medications needed than those during pre-operation,no obvious progressions of glaucomatous neuropathy and its coincident visual field loss,and no need of additional glaucoma surgery.Results After phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation,there were 28 cases (65.1%) in PACG group and 12 cases (37.5%) in POAG group with well controlled postoperative IOP,and the different of 2-year survival rate was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).There were significant different in the pre-IOP (33.0± 5.3mmHg vs 40.1 ± 3.6mmHg,P ＜0.01),the number ofantiglaucoma medications (2.9± 0.9 vs 4.1± 0.4,P＜0.01) and the extent of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) (2.9±0.5 clock hours vs 4.2± 0.8 clock hours,P ＜0.01) between success and failure cases in PACG group.The pre-IOP (25.3±3.4 mmHg vs 35.4±3.6 mmHg,P＜0.01),the number of antiglaucoma medications (1.2± 0.4 vs 2.8± 0.9,P ＜0.01) were significant different between the success and failure cases in POAG group.Cox stepwise regression analysis found that pre-IOP (P ＜0.05,RR=1.17) and the extent of PAS (P ＜0.01,RR=3.971) in PACG group and the pre-IOP (P＜0.01,RR=1.284) in the POAG group was significant associated with the corresponding survival time after cataract surgery.Conclusions Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation may be an alternative procedure for effective IOP control of the patients with primary glaucoma on early stage coexisting with cataract on considering pre-IOP and the extent of PAS in PACG and pre-IOP in POAG.     

抗青光眼术后恶性青光眼发生的危险因素分析

目的分析原发性闭角型青光眼患者小梁切除术后可能发生恶性青光眼的危险因素。方法行小梁切除术的原发性闭角型青光眼患者共436例542眼。详细记录其年龄、性别、青光眼分型、术前即时眼压、眼轴长度、前房深度、晶状体厚度以及相对晶状体位置。对术后发生恶性青光眼患者和其余患者的各组数据之间差别进行比较,并进行相应的统计学处理。结果在所有患者中,共发生恶性青光眼16例18眼,发生率为3·67%.发生恶性青光眼的患者与未发生组间在性别及分型上无显著性差异(P=0.83,P=0.15),而在年龄和术前眼压上存在显著性差异,恶性青光眼组的年龄明显小于未发生组(P=0·004),术前眼压则明显高于对方(P=0.000)。恶性青光眼患者的眼轴、前房深度和晶状体厚度都明显小于未发生组(P=0·001,P=0.018,P=0.002),但2组间相对晶状体位置无明显差别(P=0.080)。结论年龄相对较轻、术前高眼压及短眼轴是闭角型青光眼患者术后发生恶性青光眼的危险因素。     

Smith-method assessment of anterior chamber depth for screening for narrow anterior chamber angles

PURPOSE: To compare the axial anterior chamber depth (ACD) using the Smith method, in patients under treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), with an age-matched control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Triplicate just-touching-slit-length (JTSL) measurements of the axial anterior chamber depth were determined in 198 eyes of 99 patients (39 control; 36 POAG; and 24 PACG) recruited from King Saud University clinics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Goldmann tonometry and gonioscopy were carried out as a part of the patient's routine examination. Subjects with a history of intraocular surgery for glaucoma or any other anterior segment disease were excluded form the study. The average ACD estimate by the JTSL method were compared among the various groups. RESULTS: The average JTSL estimates were: Control group 2.33+/-0.68 mm (axial ACD estimate = JTSL estimate x 1.4); POAG group 1.98+/-0.97 mm; PACG group 0.65+/-0.41 mm. There was no significant reduction (P = 0.068) of the JTSL estimate in the POAG group, compared to the control group. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) reduction of the JTSL estimate in the PACG group, compared to both the control and POAG groups. CONCLUSION: The Smith-method JTSL technique may be used for non-invasive rapid screening, to help identify patients at risk of developing angle-closure, during routine examination of patients in the ophthalmology clinic.     

正常人与原发性开角型青光眼和闭角型青光眼视盘萎缩弧β区发生率的比较

目的:比较正常人和青光眼(原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)、闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG))间视盘萎缩弧β区发生率的差异。方法:选择年龄、屈光度数相匹配的正常人135例135眼、POAG58例101眼、PACG50例81眼。利用海德堡眼底照相机采集受试者30°眼底彩色照片,并用计算机图像处理软件测量青光眼患者垂直杯盘比,利用卡方检验分析不同程度青光眼损伤的患者眼底β区发生率与垂直杯盘比的关系。结果:正常人、POAG和PACGβ区发生率分别为23.0%,69.3%和49.4%(χ2=51.3,P=0.000);POAG的β区发生率高于PACG(χ2=7.5,P=0.005)。三组人群β区最多见于水平颞侧象限,鼻侧象限最少(χ2=19.4,P=0.000;χ2=50.3,P=0.000;χ2=11.7,P=0.009);POAG组中,视神经损伤较重组的β区发生率明显高于较轻组(χ2=14.0,P=0.000);PACG组中,视神经损伤较重组β区发生率与较轻组无明显差异(χ2=0.6,P=0.287)。结论:POAG和PACGβ区发生率高于正常人,POAGβ区发生率高于PACG。视神经损伤较重组POAG眼相对于较轻组更易发生β区。     

Increased aquaporin-1 levels in lens epithelial cells with primary angle-closure glaucoma

AIM: To determine the levels of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) in the lens epithelial cells (LECs) of primary glaucoma and to clarify its correlation with lens thickness. METHODS: This study comprised 64 eyes of 64 patients with primary glaucoma, who were divided into 3 groups: 25 eyes of 25 patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (APACG), 19 eyes of 19 patients with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG) and 20 eyes of 20 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). This study also included 12 eyes of 12 patients with senile cataract as controls. The levels of AQP-1 in LECs were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. The lens thickness was measured by A-scan ultrasonography. RESULTS: The AQP-1 mRNA levels of LECs were 0.84±0.27, 0.69±0.34, 0.44±0.19 and 0.51±0.21 in APACG, CPACG, POAG and senile cataract group, respectively. The levels of AQP-1m RNA were significantly higher in PACG groups compared with those in senile cataract and POAG group (all P<0.05). The immunohistochemistry showed the AQP-1 expression were strong-positive in PACG groups, but weak-positive in senile cataract and POAG group. A positive correlation was found between AQP-1 mRNA levels and the lens thickness (r=0.645, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings show that the higher expression of AQP-1 in LECs may contribute to increased lens thickness, which might be associated with the occurrence and development of PACG.