联合手术治疗退行性下睑内翻伴松弛

目的：分析和探讨外侧睑板条悬吊联合下睑缩肌前徙术治疗退行性下睑内翻伴眼睑松弛的临床疗效。

方法：回顾本院2011-01/2013-01对21例33眼退行性下睑内翻伴眼睑松弛患者施行外侧睑板条悬吊联合下睑缩肌前徙术(穹隆结膜切口),随访12～24mo,观察其疗效。

结果：所有患者术后均得到完全矫正,未见复发或过矫现象发生,手术治愈率为100%,均未出现并发症。

结论：外侧睑板条悬吊联合下睑缩肌前徙术是治疗退行性下睑内翻伴眼睑松弛的一种安全、可靠、有效的手术方式。     

眼睑松弛症的手术治疗分析

目的:探讨眼睑松弛症的手术治疗方法及效果。方法:对15例26眼眼睑松弛症患者均在停止发作并静止6mo以上手术。对于上睑皮肤松弛、上睑下垂、泪腺脱垂和睑裂横径缩短均采用重睑切口,上睑下垂视提上睑肌腱膜有无断裂采取提上睑肌腱膜修复或折叠术。泪腺脱垂全层缝合泪腺组织固定于眶泪腺窝处的骨膜上。睑裂横径缩短将外眦韧带缝合固定于外侧眶缘骨膜,下睑内翻做平行于睑缘的皮肤切口,去除多余皮肤及部分眼轮匝肌。结果:15例患者皮肤松弛得到明显改善,其中上睑下垂、睑裂横径缩短和下睑内翻,也均得到满意矫正,泪腺脱垂1例明显改善,余复位良好。随访6mo～2a,无复发。结论:手术治疗安全,效果确切。     

超常量提上睑肌缩短及额肌瓣悬吊治疗重度先天性上睑下垂效果比较

目的：比较提上睑肌缩短术与额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效与并发症。

方法：对40例58眼重度先天性上睑下垂患者进行手术治疗,其中,20例28眼行额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术,20例30眼行改良的提上睑肌缩短术,术后随访6mo,观察两种手术方式治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的治疗效果及术后并发症的发生情况。

结果：术后随访6mo,提上睑肌缩短术组及额肌瓣悬吊术组治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的正矫率分别为：83%、82%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后并发症的发生,如倒睫、闭合不全、暴露性角膜炎、结膜脱垂等,提上睑肌缩短术组少于额肌瓣悬吊术组,且有更好的外观。提上睑肌缩短术后6mo复诊时,眼睑闭合不全15眼,暴露性角膜炎共1眼,结膜脱垂2眼; 额肌瓣悬吊术后6mo随诊,眼睑闭合不全23眼,暴露性角膜炎2眼,上睑倒睫3眼。

结论：提上睑肌缩短术及额肌瓣悬吊术均能有效矫正重度先天性上睑下垂,但前者并发症少,术后外观好。     

提上睑肌折叠术联合眼睑皮肤松弛矫正术治疗老年性上睑下垂

目的 探讨提上睑肌折叠术联合眼睑皮肤松弛矫正术治疗老年性上睑下垂的临床效果.方法 对21例42眼患者分别实施提上睑肌折叠术联合眼睑皮肤松弛矫正术,术中分离提上睑肌和节制韧带,并除去多余的皮肤及眶脂肪.结果 所有患者除1例失访外,均改善上睑下垂症状和达到了美容目的 ,无暴露性角膜炎等手术并发症.结论 提上睑肌折叠术联合眼睑皮肤松弛矫正术是一种理想的改善老年性上睑下垂患者视功能和容貌的手术方法.     

儿童先天性双行睫矫正术的疗效观察

目的：观察睑缘后唇灰线切开联合毛囊根部摘除术矫正儿童先天性双行睫的临床疗效。

方法：收集1990-09/2015-10我院收治的先天性双行睫患者8例13眼,在全身麻醉或局部麻醉下行睑缘后唇灰线切开联合毛囊根部摘除术。术后随访3mo～5a,观察患者预后情况。

结果：术后48h,所有患者伤口已愈合,不影响活动。术后随访观察,所有患者双行睫均完全矫正,睑缘无畸形和手术瘢痕形成,睑缘灰线切口处愈合平整; 眼睑前缘不受手术干扰,未发现眼睑内外翻及倒睫; 睑缘后唇锐利平整,保持角度与眼球表面接触,无内外翻及导泪异常,无残存睫毛,无刺激症状,角膜表面浸润恢复。

结论：睑缘后唇灰线切开联合毛囊根部摘除术矫正儿童先天性双行睫疗效确切,复发率低,符合眼睑生理功能与外观要求,且手术操作简便。     

眼睑皮肤松弛症及其伴发畸形的手术整复

目的 评价眼睑皮肤松弛症及其伴发畸形的手术整复效果.设计 回顾性病例系列.研究对象 35例(52眼)眼睑皮肤松弛症稳定期患者.方法 所有患者实施上睑畸形矫正术,做上睑重睑切口,切除多余松弛皮肤及眶脂肪,18例(36眼)联合行泪腺脱垂复位术;10例(16眼)联合上睑下垂矫正术.4例(6眼)行下睑缩矫正术.7例(14眼)行外眦畸形矫正术,联合或二期行眼睑皮肤松弛矫正或上睑下垂矫正术.主要指标 双眼重睑形态,眼睑位置,眼睑运动功能,泪腺的位置,有无泪液分泌异常.结果 随访6～60个月,所有患者双眼上睑重睑基本对称,双上睑形态良好,眦角位置接近正常,无溢泪及干眼症状.2例(3眼)患者于术后29及36个月复诊时发现泪腺脱垂复发,再次行泪腺脱垂复位术,术后分别随访18、24个月,未发现泪腺再脱垂.结论 采用眼部整复手术矫正眼睑皮肤松弛症及伴发畸形安全有效,术后复发率较低.     

眼睑松弛症伴泪腺脱垂的手术治疗

目的 探讨眼睑松弛症合并泪腺脱垂的手术疗效.方法 采用双重睑切口的皮肤松弛矫正术联合泪腺复位固定术,对12例(24只眼)眼睑松弛症合伴泪腺脱垂患者进行手术治疗.结果 随访6月至6年,12例患者术后眼睑皮肤松弛均得到明显改善,泪腺脱垂,上睑下垂均得到满意矫正.结论 眼睑松弛症合并脱垂泪腺,采用双重睑切口的皮肤松弛矫正术联合泪腺复位固定术可有效改善其症状,实现患者美观与功能的双重疗效.     

改良式额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术矫正儿童重度先天性上睑下垂

目的：探讨改良式额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术矫治儿童重度上睑下垂的长期临床疗效。

方法：回顾性分析2009-01/2011-12在我科收治的儿童重度上睑下垂患者83例114眼,采用改良式扇形额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术进行矫治,分析术后上睑下垂矫正效果和上睑缘弧度、重睑形成及倒睫、结膜脱垂等并发症发生情况。随访观察5a。

结果：术后第5a,矫正满意和基本矫正者共有84眼(73.7%),部分矫正30眼(26.3%),手术效果满意。术后并发症包括倒睫4眼(3.5%),其中3例3眼上睑内侧1/3灰线处缝牵引缝线牵引1wk后消失,1例1眼行二次手术; 结膜脱垂2眼(1.8%),应用皮质类固醇激素眼药水点眼,加压包扎1wk后结膜脱垂均消失; 术后无1例发生暴露性角膜炎、眼睑外翻、睑球分离、眼睑成角畸形、血肿形成、感染等并发症。术后上睑回退和外侧重睑皱襞消失是长期随访最常见的问题。

结论：改良式额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术矫治儿童重度上睑下垂长期疗效满意,效果持久稳定,安全可靠。     

上睑皮肤松弛症的治疗

随着我国人口的老龄化发展,人们生活水平质量的提高,眼睑松弛症的患者逐年增多,而35岁以上女性均会出现不同程度的上睑皮肤松弛,其发生率约在85％左右[1],因其严重影响人们的生活和美观,要求治疗眼睑松弛症的患者也逐年增多.上眼睑成形术几乎占中老年患者眼部美容手术之首位[2].眼睑松弛症的发生与年龄、遗传,生活习惯等因素有关.以往的治疗方法是在重睑线切开皮肤去皮,术后形成的重睑形态臃肿不自然,改善面部形态效果较差.本组65例(102眼)上睑皮肤松弛,采取眉缘下切口,根据上睑松弛程度,上睑是否有眶脂肪脱出,是否伴有筋膜性上睑下垂,分别行单纯松弛皮肤切除术、取皮+眶脂肪切除+眶隔加固术、取皮+提上睑肌筋膜折叠加强术,观察治疗效果.     

异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损的疗效

目的：探讨异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损的临床效果。

方法：回顾性分析2017-06/2020-06于我院行异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗的中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损患者103例103眼。术后随访1～6mo,观察异体巩膜吸收融合状态、皮瓣成活状态、眼睑形态、眼睑开合功能、眼睑瘢痕等情况,评估手术疗效。

结果：术后随访期间,异体巩膜逐渐被受体组织代替,所有患者眼睑内层异体巩膜均为结膜细胞覆盖,眼睑外层异体巩膜与皮肤黏连紧密,无明显排异反应,皮瓣成活良好,眼睑形态良好,闭合自然,瘢痕不明显。

结论：异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损疗效确切,能够达到外观与功能兼具,临床疗效显著。     

Infrabrow excision to correct upper eyelid dermatochalasis in middle-aged and elderly patients

AIM: To evaluate the effects, advantages, disadvantages, and indications of infrabrow skin excision to correct upper eyelid dermatochalasis in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women. METHODS: Sixty eyelids in 30 patients were subjected to this surgical procedure from January to June 2018. All patients had upper eyelid dermatochalasis, and the functions of their levator palpebrae were all normal. The primary indications of the procedure were upper lid dermatochalasis with lateral hooding. All 30 patients underwent infrabrow skin excision at Shanxi Eye Hospital. The degree of skin relaxation before and after surgery was evaluated in all patients, and surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were also assessed. RESULTS: All patients were female, ranging from 40 to 64 (mean: 53.20±7.10) years old. Skin relaxation of the upper eyelid was improved in all 30 patients. One month after the operation, 52 lids (86.7%) showed good results and 8 lids (13.33%) showed fair results. The objective Strasser system was applied to evaluate surgical results at 1 and 6 months. All patients had scores between 0 and 1 point, indicating good results. Preoperative unsatisfactory position and shape of the eyebrows were improved, and crow''s feet and frontal lines were reduced. All patients were satisfied with the results. No complications related to wound dehiscence, lagophthalmos, or hypertrophic scars were observed. CONCLUSION: Infrabrow skin excision is a simple, useful operation to reconstruct the upper eyelids in selected patients of Chinese ancestry. This procedure not only retains the advantages of classic blepharoplasty, but also alleviates many eyebrow problems at the same time, and maintains the original shape of the eyelid, minimizes scarring, and produces a smoother, more youthful appearance.     

Blepharoptosis Repair through the Small Orbital Septum Incision and Minimal Dissection Technique in Patients with Coexisting Dermatochalasis

Purpose

To describe a modified surgical technique for blepharoptosis repair through a small orbital septum incision and minimal dissection, along with the results obtained in patients with coexisting dermatochalasis.

Methods

A retrospective chart review included 33 patients (52 eyelids) with blepharoptosis coexisting with dermatochalasis, surgically corrected through a small orbital septum incision and minimal dissection after redundant upper lid skin excision, by placing a single fixation suture between the levator aponeurosis and the tarsal plate. Outcome measures included the pre- and postoperative marginal reflex distances (MRD1), eyelid contour, post-operative complications, and need for reoperation.

Results

The pre- and postoperative MRD1 averaged 1.1 ± 0.8 mm and 2.8 ± 1.1 mm, respectively. Of the 33 patients, 9 patients (9 eyelids) underwent surgery on one eyelid for unilateral blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis (Group I), 5 patients (5 eyelids) underwent a simple skin excision blepharoplasty of the contralateral eyelid (Group II), and 19 patients (38 eyelids) underwent bilateral blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis repair (Group III). Of the 14 eyelids that underwent unilateral ptosis repair (Groups I and II), 12 eyelids (85.7%) showed less than a 1-mm difference from the contralateral eyelid. Of the 38 eyelids that underwent bilateral ptosis repair (Group III), 27 eyelids (71.1%), 5 eyelids (13.1%), and 6 eyelids (15.8%) had excellent, good, and poor outcomes, respectively. Overall, 44 eyelids (84.6%) out of a total of 52 eyelids had successful outcomes; the remaining 8 eyelids demonstrated unsatisfactory eyelid contour was corrected by an additional surgery.

Conclusions

Blepharoptosis repair through a small orbital septum incision and minimal dissection can be considered an efficient technique in patients with ptosis and dermatochalasis.     

Maximal eyelid donor skin harvesting in eyelid repair after tumor excision

PURPOSE: A primary defect in the eyelid resulting from tumor excision will benefit from better skin match when the defect is repaired with eyelid skin. The amount of skin harvested by blepharoplasty from a single upper eyelid may be inadequate. This report describes and evaluates the effectiveness of two types of procedure in which maximal eyelid skin is harvested to repair defects in the upper or lower eyelids, respectively. The techniques require the resulting secondary defect being partially replaced by a second graft taken from the contralateral upper eyelid. METHODS: The surgical results of a prospective case series are evaluated. Postoperative upper eyelid graft appearance and patient satisfaction were recorded. RESULTS: Ten patients underwent repair of a large skin defect in the upper eyelid (2 patients) or lower eyelid (8 patients), using maximum upper eyelid skin from above the skin crease. The primary donor site upper eyelid defect was closed after partial secondary grafting with skin from the side contralateral to the upper eyelid from which the maximal graft was taken. All patients were satisfied with the appearance of the grafted and donor areas. CONCLUSIONS: Maximal eyelid donor skin harvesting achieved satisfactory results and is a useful technique in eyelid reconstructive surgery.     

采用180°旋转皮瓣修复眼睑肿物切除术后眼睑皮肤缺损的临床研究

目的　探讨采用180°旋转皮瓣修复眼睑肿物切除术后眼睑皮肤缺损的安全性和有效性。方法　回顾性分析29例38眼采用180°旋转皮瓣修复眼睑肿物切除术后造成的眼睑皮肤缺损患者。术中按照标记线切除肿物后,在肿物一侧或两侧标记松弛的上睑或下睑皮肤量,按照重睑或眼袋延长线切开皮肤,在靠近皮肤缺损区的上方或下方留5 mm左右宽的蒂,分离皮瓣,并带有少量的眼轮匝肌,然后将皮瓣旋转180°,修剪皮瓣后间断缝合,再连续缝合供皮区皮肤切口。术后加压包扎48 h。对术后外观和皮瓣的存活情况进行连续性观察。结果　所有180°旋转皮瓣均在眼睑缺损区良好存活,不需要打包加压,而且皮瓣收缩量低,术后手术瘢痕相对隐蔽。2眼皮瓣在术后早期出现皮瓣尖端发黑;多数皮瓣蒂部早期存在轻度猫耳现象,术后3个月猫耳逐渐平复,除1眼术后6个月因上睑皮肤松弛和猫耳现象而行上睑成形术外,其余患者均无需二次手术。结论　180°旋转皮瓣手术操作相对简单,可避免发生眼睑外翻、变形等并发症,是眼睑前层缺损修复的备选方法。     

【In Press】Anterior lamellar recession for management of upper eyelid cicatricial entropion and associated eyelid abnormalities

AIM: To evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes of upper eyelid cicatricial entropion correction using anterior lamellar recession (ALR) with addressing the associated conditions including dermatochalasis, brow ptosis, blepharoptosis, and lid retraction. METHODS: Chart review of patients with upper lid cicatricial entropion who had undergone ALR from 2013 to 2016 was reviewed. Success was defined as the lack of any lash in contact with the globe, no need for a second procedure, and acceptable cosmesis at the final follow up. RESULTS: Sixty eight patients (97 eyelids) were operated by ALR with simultaneous correction of associated lid problems in each case when necessary. The mean follow-up time was 17.8mo (range, 6.0-24.0mo).Concomitantly, levator tucking was performed in 19 eyelids (19.6%), upper lid retractor recession in 18 eyelids (18.6%), and internal browpexy in 31 eyelids (32.0%). In 95.8% of patients (CI: 0.85-0.96), satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcome was achieved with a single surgical procedure. CONCLUSION: Based on the principles of lamellar recession and concurrently addressing the associated lid problems, this approach is an effective and safe treatment of upper eyelid cicatricial entropion.     

Small incision external levator repair: technique and early results

PURPOSE: To describe a new surgical technique and early results of external levator repair performed through a small skin incision. METHODS: A chart review of consecutive patients undergoing small incision external levator repair was conducted. This modified external levator repair was performed through an 8-mm eyelid crease incision. Patients with unilateral or bilateral aponeurogenic blepharoptosis were candidates for the technique. Patients with excessive horizontal upper eyelid laxity and those requiring blepharoplasty in addition to blepharoptosis surgery did not undergo this technique. Patients who underwent previous upper eyelid surgery or concurrent brow surgery were excluded from the review. Preoperative measurements included upper eyelid margin reflex distance, levator function, and degree of dermatochalasis, as well as Goldmann visual field results. Outcome measures included incidence and type of intraoperative complications, postoperative upper eyelid position (including margin reflex distance, eyelid contour, and symmetry), incidence and type of postoperative complications, and revisions or additional necessary surgery. RESULTS: Twenty-eight eyelids of 17 patients met study inclusion criteria. Preoperative margin reflex distance +/- SD averaged 0.8 +/- 0.4 mm. Average length of follow-up was 28 +/- 5 weeks (range, 15 to 52 weeks). No significant intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperative margin reflex distance averaged 3.7 +/- 0.3 mm. Two eyelids were mildly undercorrected, and one demonstrated moderately peaked contour postoperatively. Satisfactory eyelid position and contour were achieved in 25 of 28 treated eyelids. No patient elected reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Early results demonstrated that small incision levator repair is safe and generally effective. This minimally invasive external levator repair is useful for a carefully selected subset of patients with aponeurogenic blepharoptosis.     

Colloid milium of the upper eyelid margins: a rare presentation

AIM: To report a rare presentation of colloid milium occurring only on the upper eyelid margins. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: (1) Slit-lamp examination of eyelids and eyes and clinical examination including the face and a general physical examination; (2) photography of the lesions on the lids; and (3) excision biopsy and histopathologic examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histologic examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: Clinical examination and histopathologic findings revealed the cysts to be colloid milium. CONCLUSIONS: Colloid milium can involve upper eyelids in isolation, sparing the lower eyelids and facial skin. Such rare presentations should be kept in mind while examining similar lesions.     

Spontaneous reformation of upper eyelid.

Twenty-six patients with lesions of upper eyelids were treated with simple surgical excision under local anaesthesia as day cases. Three other patients with eyelid injuries had full-thickness margin-inclusive lacerations of upper eyelids. In all these 29 patients the upper eyelid wounds were allowed to heal solely by spontaneous repair. The cautious study began with small extramarginal skin excisions and progressed gradually via moderate sized juxtamarginal excisions of skin and orbicularis lamella to full-thickness margin-inclusive excisions. The wounds healed satisfactorily in all the 29 patients without ocular or palpebral complications. The functional results were normal. Cosmetic results were excellent in 27 patients and acceptable in 2, one of whom subsequently underwent a secondary oculoplastic repair. This study demonstrates that, for upper eyelids, full-thickness margin-inclusive excisions of up to 10 mm in horizontal extent and 5-6 mm in height, and moderate sized 13 X 10 mm juxtamarginal excisions of the skin and orbicularis lamella, yield near normal results with solely spontaneous repair. Immediate surgical reconstruction of such wounds is assumed to be mandatory by current tenets of oculoplastic surgery.     

Stability of Eyelid Height After Graded Anterior-Approach Lid Lowering for Dysthyroid Upper Lid Retraction

Objective: To investigate the outcome of a modified anterior approach surgical procedure for the correction of primary upper eyelid retraction in thyroid eye disease.

Methods: A retrospective review of 52 consecutive cases (in 32 patients) of anterior-approach graded upper lid lowering for the treatment of primary eyelid retraction, carried out at Moorfields Eye Hospital between 2006–2009 was conducted. Measurements of upper margin-reflex distance (MRD), upper lid skin crease height and skin fold height were taken from clinical records and photographs. A comparison between pre-operative and both early and late post-operative measurements was conducted, with a maximal follow-up of 12 months. Surgery was considered successful when all of the following criteria were met; an upper lid margin covering 0.5–1.5?mm of the superior cornea in the 12 o’clock position, smooth eyelid contour, skin crease height within 6–10?mm or upper lid skin fold within 2–5?mm of the lid margin, symmetry of lid position (difference in MRD of <1?mm between both eyes) and patient satisfaction.

Results: A successful outcome was achieved in 86.5% (45/52) of lids with a single procedure. For the whole group, the mean MRD was 7.0?mm pre-operatively and 3.6?mm at 1 month after surgery. The corresponding values from photographic estimates were 6.5?mm and 3.6?mm, respectively. These values remained stable over the maximum follow-up period of 12 months. Under-correction occurred in 6/52 (11.5%) lids, one of which had persistent lateral flare, whereas over-correction occurred in 1/52 (2%).

Conclusions: The described surgical approach produces reasonably predictable and stable outcome for upper eyelid lowering in patients with thyroid eye disease.