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??Objective??To explore the effect of intermediate-long term therapy with desmopressin acetate??DA??in treating children with enuresis. Methods??Totally 320 PMNE children treated with DA aged 5-15 years from November 2013 to March 2016 were included. The cases who stopped wetting bed for 2 months within 3-6 months of treatment were observed.According to convenience sampling method??the observed patients were divided into gradually withdraw??GW?? group and immediate withdraw??DW?? group. GW group use taper therapy and DA was gradually withdrawn within 9 months. In DW group DA was withdrawn immediately. The relapse cases were recorded 1 month after discontinuation of DA in the two groups. Compare the relapse and severity of enuresis. Results??Response of DA??full response??FR?? in 224 cases??70.1%????partial response??PR?? in 73 cases??23.0%?? and no response??NR?? in 23 cases??6.9%??. Totally 133 cases??continuously 2 months of dry bed?? were up to withdrawal criteria in 3-6 months. Totally 26 cases were lost follow-up and 107 cases were observed??63 cases were included in GW group and 36 cases had DA withdrawal within 9 months??44 cases were included in DW group. The relapse cases were 37 cases??84.1%?? in DW group??and GW group??8 cases ??22.2%??. The relapse rate was significantly different between the two groups. No obvious adverse events were observed in 27 cases with DA treatment for 1 year. Moderate- severe enuresis cases of the recurrence ones and the cases treated for 1 year were significantly higher than those of the non-recurrent cases. Conclusion??DA is a safe and effective way to treat PMNE. Gradually withdrawing the DA in intermediate-long term treatment can obviously decrease the recurrence of PMNE. The recurrence rate is higher in moderate- severe enuresis than that of mild cases.     

去氨加压素对单症状遗尿症患儿症状及睡眠质量影响

目的 探讨去氨加压素(DDAVP)治疗单症状遗尿症(MNE)患儿症状和睡眠改善情况.方法 选择2018—2020年门诊就诊的69例MNE患儿进行为期12周的DDAVP治疗随访研究,12周后根据遗尿改善情况将患儿分为治疗改善组和无改善组,分析DDAVP治疗对遗尿症状和睡眠质量的影响.结果 基线入组的69例MNE患儿中,7...     

Efficacy and safety during long-term treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis with desmopressin. Swedish Enuresis Trial Group

The Swedish Enuresis Trial (SWEET) was conducted to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of intranasal desmopressin treatment in children with primary, monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). The study had an open, multicentre design and comprised a 4-wk observation period, a 6-wk dose titration period (with 20-40 microg desmopressin) and a 1-y, long-term treatment period. A treatment-free week was introduced every 3 mo to identify dry patients. In total, 399 children aged 6-12 y with PMNE were recruited. Of these, 245 patients (61%) experienced > or = 50% reduction in the number of wet nights during the last 4 wk of dose titration compared with the observation period. These responders entered the long-term phase of the trial. The mean number of wet nights per week decreased from a median of 5.3 (range 1.3-7.0) during the observation period to a median of 0.8 (range 0.0-5.0) during the last 3-mo period. Seventy-seven children became dry, 63 (83%) within 6 mo of treatment initiation. The percentage of children who became dry was similar in all age groups. Significantly fewer children in the lowest age group were defined as responders (52%; 95% CI 45, 59) among the 6-7-y-olds compared to 65% (56, 74) and 81% (72, 90) in the two older age groups. Desmopressin was well tolerated. No serious drug-related adverse events were recorded and no clinical symptoms of hyponatraemia were reported. The SWEET trial has demonstrated that desmopressin is both safe and effective for the long-term treatment of PMNE, with a significant therapeutic effect also in children of 6-7 y of age.     

去氨加压素、警铃及联合方案治疗儿童单症状夜遗尿症疗效的网状meta分析

目的采用网状meta分析方法系统性评价去氨加压素、警铃、去氨加压素联合警铃、去氨加压素联合抗胆碱能药物4种干预措施治疗儿童单症状夜遗尿的疗效。方法系统检索PubMed、Cochrance Library、EMBase和Web of Science数据库,时间截止到2017年8月1日。纳入对比去氨加压素、警铃、去氨加压素联合警铃、去氨加压素联合抗胆碱能药物中任意2个或以上干预措施治疗儿童单症状夜遗尿症的随机对照试验(RCT)。按照制定好的纳入排除标准进行文献筛选,对最终纳入的RCT进行数据提取和质量评价,利用统计软件R 3.3.2和STATA 14.0完成数据分析。结果纳入15个RCT,共计1 505例患儿。网状meta分析提示,去氨加压素联合抗胆碱能药物的完全反应率和成功率高于去氨加压素(完全反应率OR=2.8,95%CI:1.5～5.4;成功率OR=3.5,95%CI:1.7～7.5)和警铃(完全反应率OR=2.7,95%CI:1.1～6.6;成功率OR=3.8,95%CI:1.6～9.0);去氨加压素联合警铃成功率高于警铃(OR=1.9,95%CI:1.1～3.4);治疗结束后警铃的复发率明显低于去氨加压素(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.03～0.53)。排序结果显示,去氨加压素联合抗胆碱能药物治疗后的完全反应率和成功率治疗效果最佳,去氨加压素联合警铃能最大程度降低每周尿床次数,警铃的复发率在4种方案中最低。结论去氨加压素联合抗胆碱能药物治疗效果明显好于单用警铃或去氨加压素;去氨加压素联合警铃方案比单用警铃或去氨加压素治疗效果略有优势或相近;去氨加压素和警铃治疗效果相近;警铃治疗的复发率最低。     

Combined therapy of enuresis alarm and desmopressin in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis

Twenty-eight children with primary nocturnal enuresis were blindly allocated at random to a combination of enuresis alarm and 20 g intranasal desmopressin or alarm and placebo for 2 weeks. Patients received the other therapy after a 2-week treatment-free period. The combined treatment of desmopressin and alarm showed 5.1±0.4 (mean ± SEM) dry nights per week and resulted in significantly more dry nights per week during the 2 weeks of observation than placebo and alarm (4.1±0.4,P<0.05)Abbreviations DDAVP desmopressin - SEM standard error of mean     

Management of nocturnal enuresis in children with desmopressin and bladder physiotherapy

In the last 2 years, 29 children with nocturnal enuresis were treated in the outpatient departments of the Departments of Urology and Pediatric Surgery of the Aristotle University, Thessaloniki. There were 22 boys and 7 girls aged 7 to 12 years. The clinical examination was normal in all cases. All children had undergone various treatments with no beneficial effect, and relapses had occurred. The patients were given desmopressin (DDAVP) nasal drops in combination with bladder physiotherapy; 77% were cured after 12 months. Physiotherapy improves the percentage of cures as the functional capacity of the bladder increases. Accepted: 8 July 1997     

唤醒疗法与去氨加压素治疗儿童原发性遗尿症的非随机对照试验

摘要 目的 比较人工唤醒、闹钟、报警器3种唤醒治疗方式与去氨加压素治疗原发性遗尿症（PNE）患儿的疗效和依从性。方法 纳入首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2012年4月至2013年8月就诊的6~14岁PNE患儿,根据就诊先后顺序分为人工唤醒、闹钟、报警器和去氨加压素组。4组均在基础治疗上给予相应干预,记录遗尿日记。于治疗1、3、6个月随访时,评估疗效、依从性和安全性,并行意向性分析。疗效以遗尿症状好转为评价指标。采用logistic回归分析依从性、遗尿家族史、膀胱容量等因素与疗效的相关性。结果 120例患儿符合纳入和排除标准进入研究,每组各30例。①去氨加压素、报警器、闹钟和人工唤醒组的治疗6个月的总有效率为76.7%、93.3%、56.7%和76.7%,报警器组显著高于闹钟组（P<0.0125）;去氨加压素组和报警器组、人工唤醒组总有效率差异无统计学意义(P≥0.0125)。②报警器组27/30例（90.0%）依从性较好,其次为去氨加压素（24/30,80.0%）、人工唤醒（18/30,60.0%）和闹钟组（16/30,53.3%）; 报警器组优于人工唤醒组（P=0.007）和闹钟组（P=0.002）,报警器组和去氨加压素组差异无统计学意义。③Logistic回归分析结果显示,存在PNE家族史是影响治愈的危险因素（P=0.007,OR=0.204,95%CI: 0.064~0.652）。④报警器组1例出现湿疹,去氨加压素组观察到鼻出血1例,低钠血症2例。结论 报警器、去氨加压素治疗PNE的疗效相近,且依从性和安全性均较好,可作为PNE患儿的首选治疗。     

原发性遗尿症患儿治疗前后自我意识变化的初探

目的 分析评估儿童原发性遗尿症（PNE）自我意识评价状况以及遗尿治疗对自我意识的影响。方法 选择2005年7月至2006年1月在复旦大学附属儿科医院确诊的8~16岁PNE患儿为研究对象。排除患有可引起尿床的器质性疾病、治疗前存在高血压、单亲家庭、父母离异、有其他家庭问题及慢性疾病的患儿。指导PNE患儿自己填写Piers Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)。随后患儿分3组接受不同方法治疗遗尿:生物反馈治疗组、口服醋酸去氨加压素治疗组和口服中药治疗组，疗程均为1个月。治疗结束3个月后再次指导患儿自己填写PHCSS。通过心理分析软件分析两次自我意识评价结果。结果 研究期间共纳入PNE患儿54例，男29例，女25例，平均年龄（10.0±0.6）岁。其中轻度遗尿15例，中度遗尿20例，重度遗尿19例。治疗遗尿前54例患儿自我意识评价结果中焦虑得分显著低于常模（P<0.01）；并且轻、中和重度PNE患儿焦虑得分均显著低于常模（P<0.01），不同遗尿严重程度患儿得分差异无统计学意义。其中12例接受生物反馈治疗，14例接受醋酸去氨加压素治疗，28例接受中药治疗。治疗后有44例接受了自我意识评价随访，治疗遗尿后患儿焦虑得分较治疗前明显增加（P<0.05），其中口服醋酸去氨加压素组治疗后焦虑得分明显提高（P<0.05）。遗尿治疗有效的患儿得分明显高于治疗前（P<0.05），而治疗无效的患儿治疗前、后自我意识各项得分差异无统计学意义。结论 治疗前PNE患儿自我意识评价结果中焦虑得分低下，通过治疗遗尿其自我意识评价也可得到改善，并且临床疗效好的患儿自我意识改善明显。     

遗尿症儿童感觉统合能力的研究

目的：分析原发性夜间遗尿症(PNE)儿童的感觉统合能力,探讨感觉统合失调在原发性遗尿症发生中的作用。方法：采用感觉统合能力发展量表对46例PNE组儿童及46例正常对照组儿童进行感觉统合功能测试,对两组结果采用t检验和χ2检验进行统计分析。结果：PNE组与对照组儿童感觉统合失调的发生率分别为82.6%和43.5%,其中重度失调的发生率分别为36.9%和2.1%,两组间差异有显著性（P﹤0.01）;PNE组所有感觉统合功能因子得分均明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P﹤0.01)。结论：PNE组儿童存在感觉统合失调现象,感觉统合功能失调在PNE发生中可能有一定作用。     

Oral desmopressin treatment of central diabetes insipidus in children

To assess the efficacy of treatment with oral desmopressin (DDAVP), 20 patients, aged 5–20 y, with central diabetes insipidus were studied during 3 d of hospitalization and for 3 months at the outpatient clinic. At baseline the median rate of diuresis was 12. 7 ml kg^-1 h^-1. Urinary output decreased significantly under treatment with an increase in urinary osmolality, normalization of plasma osmolality and absence of nocturia. Patients were discharged from hospital with a median dose of 500μg d^-1 (100–1200μg d^-1). An adjustment in dosage was necessary in seven patients during follow-up, resulting in a final dose of 600μg d^-1. Body weight and DDAVP doses ( r = 0. 75, p = 0. 001) and body surface and DDAVP doses ( r = 0. 72, p < 0. 001) were significantly correlated. The average dosage was 474 ± 222μg m^-2 d^-1 (mean ± SD). The oral DDAVP treatment remained effective during the 3 months of follow-up. This therapy offers an alternative for the treatment of central diabetes insipidus in children.     

遗尿报警器治疗特定亚型儿童单一症状遗尿症疗效观察

目的：观察遗尿报警器治疗小于年龄相应膀胱容量而无夜尿增多的单一症状遗尿症(MNE)的疗效。方法15例诊断为小于年龄相应膀胱容量而无夜尿增多的MNE患儿应用遗尿报警器治疗,并辅以睡前2 h限制饮水等基础治疗,每月复诊随访。以初次持续治疗2~3个月,连续14个夜晚无遗尿为治疗成功;停止治疗后又出现2周内遗尿≥2次为复发,并再次应用遗尿报警器治疗和随访。结果患儿男9例、女6例,平均年龄(9.76±4.24)岁(6~15岁)。第1个疗程结束时,13例治疗成功,2例因家庭配合度不佳,改用去氨加压素治疗。随访期内,5例复发,再次应用遗尿报警器治疗,4例治疗成功并未再复发,另1例治疗失败。总治愈率80%。结论遗尿报警器治疗小于年龄相应膀胱容量而无夜尿增多MNE有效。     

尿渗透压检测在小儿遗尿症中的应用

目的探讨尿渗透压检测在儿童遗尿症诊治中的应用价值。方法50例原发性遗尿儿童,于治疗前测定夜间尿量及尿渗透压、夜间血清抗利尿激素（AVP）,并给予口服去氨加压素（DDAVP）治疗,根据DDAVP的治疗反应分为有效（DR）35例,无效（DNR）15例。30例正常儿童对照组,测定夜间尿量和尿渗透压。结果遗尿儿童夜间尿渗透压与夜间尿量呈负相关（r=-0.506,P〈0.05）,与夜间AVP呈正相关（r=0.725,P〈0.05）。DR儿童夜间尿渗透压水平为（682.71±213.95）mOsm/L,尿量为（265.14±164.48）ml,血清AVP浓度为（4.06±1.66）pg/ml;DNR患儿夜间尿渗透压水平为（1085.00±88.88）mOsm/L,尿量为（125.33±50.97）ml,血清AVP浓度为（7.27±1.48）pg/ml。两者比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论遗尿儿童夜间尿渗透压与尿量、血清AVP浓度有相关性。夜间尿渗透压可反映遗尿儿童夜间AVP的分泌水平。夜间尿渗透压降低的遗尿儿童夜间AVP分泌不足,对DDAVP治疗疗效好,尿渗透压的测定对选择DDAVP治疗有参考价值。     

遗尿症患儿智力水平和智力结构分析

目的：有文献报道原发性夜间遗尿症 (PNE) 患儿存在注意力/记忆力缺陷,并认为这种缺陷可能与患儿的智力情况有关,因此该研究对PNE患儿的智力水平和智力结构进行分析。方法：采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表（C-WISC）对40例PNE患儿的智力结构进行测试,并与40例年龄和性别相匹配的正常儿童进行对照研究。结果：PNE组的总智商（FIQ）、言语智商（VIQ）和操作智商（PIQ）均在正常范围,与对照组比较差异无显著性（P＞0.05）,但数字广度、编码、知识与算术分测验量表分与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P＜0.05);记忆/不分心因子（M/C）与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P＜0.05);两组PIQ与VIQ差值比较,差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论：PNE患儿智力水平正常,但智力结构中的记忆/不分心因子存在一定缺陷,提示可能与大脑额叶执行功能异常有关。［中国当代儿科杂志,2007,9（5）：433-435］