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《Women & health》2013,53(3-4):149-165
ABSTRACT Heterosexual transmission of HIV is growing at an increasing rate. One primary prevention strategy is to consistently use condoms. With the exception of female condoms, women do not “wear” condoms and therefore must negotiate condom use with their male partners. This present study examines the strategies women believe they would use in a safer sex negotiation with a male partner including (1) initiating negotiations, (2) resolving conflict, and (3) maintaining the intention to practice safer sex. The findings highlight the importance of understanding women's patterns of negotiation as well as their repertoire of negotiation skills prior to their exposure to behavioral interventions and prevention programs. 相似文献
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Although indoor male sex workers (MSWs) have been found to engage in lower rates of HIV risk behavior with clients than street-based MSWs, few studies have examined the motivations behind such practices. We interviewed 30 MSWs working for the same escort agency regarding their safer sex practices with clients and their reasons for these. As in other research, MSWs reported little risk behavior with clients. Five motivational themes related to safer sex on the job emerged: health concerns, emotional intimacy, client attractiveness, relationships, and structural work factors. Results suggest that participants engaged in rational decision-making relative to sex with clients, facilitated by reduced economic incentive for riskier behavior and a supportive social context. MSWs desired a safe sexual work place, personal integrity, and minimal negative consequences to personal relationships. Collaborating with sex work employers to study their role in encouraging a safer workplace may be important to future research. 相似文献
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女用安全套在女性性工作者中可接受性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的了解女用安全套在女性性工作者(FSW)中的可接受性及其影响因素。方法采用定性调查方法评估FSW人群对女用安全套的可接受性。结果大多数(25/27)FSW认为女用避孕套质量较好,多数FSW认为女用避孕套外观难看(19/27),使用不方便(11/27),有不适感(24/27)。结论认为女用避孕套使用不方便比例较高,女用避孕套推广有一定困难。 相似文献
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暗娼及嫖客双向干预模式研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的评价暗娼单纯干预及暗娼和嫖客的双向干预效果,探索干预模式。方法通过当地三轮车协会及娱乐场所业主动员研究对象参与,开展为期1年的健康教育和干预。对双向干预的暗娼和嫖客以及单纯干预的暗娼艾滋病相关知识知晓情况及相关行为进行干预前后调查。结果干预前单纯干预点与双向干预点地区暗娼艾滋病3种传播途径知晓率分别为38.38%和58.04%,全部问题回答正确率分别为21.21%和27.68%,主动检测HIV分别为7.78%和4.46%;嫖客最近1次与暗娼性交安全套使用率仅56.58%,自备安全套仅有6.97%。干预后,双向干预点暗娼及嫖客在“3种传播途径”正确回答率、最近1次安全套使用率、HIV检测率均有提高;双向点的暗娼问题全部回答正确、正确回答3种传播途径、HIV检测、最近1次安全套使用率分别为37.25%、91.50%、16.00%和83%,均高于单纯干预点。结论开展双向干预,同时将暗娼和嫖客作为重点人群干预,可以提高干预效果。 相似文献
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同伴教育在理工科大学生艾滋病/性病/安全性行为健康教育中的应用研究 总被引:15,自引:6,他引:9
为探讨同伴教育在理工科大学生艾滋病/ 性病/ 安全性行为健康教育中的运用效果及适宜性, 设内、外对照的同伴教育干预研究于1999 年5 - 6 月在北京某理工科大学进行。结果表明: 边缘性行为、性交在男、女生中的发生率分别为29-9% 、2-8% 和38-1% 、3-3 % 。同伴教育后, 干预组艾滋病/ 性病/ 生殖避孕知识总分和安全性行为意向得分分别由教育前的40-5 和3-4 增加到53-7 和4-2 ( P=0-000) ; 自尊及对婚前性行为的态度无变化(P> 0-05)。结果还表明本研究中设计的同伴教育内容符合大学一年级学生的主观需要, 该形式也得到了大学生的认可 相似文献
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目的通过对自贡市工业集中区A区和农业集中区B区女性性工作者(FSW)进行行为学调查,比较2个区结果的异同,为自贡市FSW艾滋病防治策略调整提供依据。方法在FSW活动场所内采用方便抽样方法进行问卷调查,收集FSW的一般情况、艾滋病知识知晓情况、性行为情况、安全套使用等情况。结果 A地和B地FSW艾滋病知识总知晓率分别为88.85%和91.91%(P〈0.05);固定性伴使用安全套率分别为26.95%和66.19%(P〈0.05);最近1次商业性行为安全套使用率分别为87.87%和78.81%(P〉0.05)。B区FSW自愿检测HIV和接受干预服务均优于A区。结论 B区FSW对艾滋病的认知、接受艾滋病防治服务率以及固定性伴性行为的安全套使用率高于A区,但两区FSW发生商业性行为时候安全套使用率差别无统计学意义。 相似文献
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目的探索女性性工作者(CSWs)对使用女用安全套的接受程度,为女用安全套的应用推广和艾滋病的预防提供科学依据。方法采用基线问卷、填写日记卡、随访调查表的方式对云南省宾川县119名CSWs进行为期24周的女性安全套应用性研究。结果人均每周女套使用数量随时间呈现逐渐上升的趋势,从不足1个上升到5个以上,男套的使用数量较稳定。男套和女套的比例从5∶1下降到2∶1。影响女用安全套使用的因素是多方面的,包括CSWs对女套的认识、女套的特性等。结论CSWs对女用安全套的接受性较好,女套的使用可以提高CSWs安全套的使用率。建议加强艾滋病性病危害的宣传教育,加强女套的宣传与培训工作,促进女套使用,阻断艾滋病性病传播。 相似文献
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[目的]了解女性性工作者艾滋病、梅毒感染情况及艾滋病相关知识、性行为情况,为卫生部门制订艾滋病控制措施提供科学依据。[方法32008年10月,对巍山县85名暗娼进行调查。[结果]调查85人,检出HIV感染者4人(感染率为5.80%),检出梅毒感染者1人(感染率为1.45%);艾滋病相关知识回答正确率为86.76%;最近1次与客人发生性行为时安全套使用率为97.65%.最近1个月与客人发生性行为时,每次均使用安全套的占85.00%;最近1年出现过性病症状体征的占34.12%。[结论]巍山县女性性工作者中已发现HIV感染者,艾滋病相关知识知晓率较高,与客人发生性行为时安全套使用率较高。 相似文献
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The personality characteristics of male clients of female sex workers and their motivations for seeking the services of sex workers were examined. It was hypothesized that clients of sex workers would differ from nonclients in that they would adopt less feminine sex roles, exhibit lower social–sexual effectiveness, and show higher levels of sensation-seeking behavior. Sixty-six clients of sex workers and 60 nonclients volunteered to complete a short questionnaire to assess demographic characteristics, sex role, social–sexual effectiveness, and sensation-seeking behavior. Clients and nonclients did not differ on demographic variables such as age, education, marital status, or occupation. However, clients were significantly less feminine in sex-role orientation, scored lower in social–sexual effectiveness, and scored higher on sensation seeking. Closer analysis of the client group revealed the existence of two distinct subgroups. The first was characterized by low social–sexual effectiveness and appeared motivated to visit sex workers because of an interpersonal need for intimacy. The second was characterized by high sensation seeking and appeared motivated to visit sex workers because of a need for novelty and variety in sexual encounters. 相似文献
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二苯甲撑二异氰酸酯对作业男工外周血淋巴细胞微核率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:二苯甲撑二异氰酸酯(MDI)对作业男工(接触组)外周血淋巴细胞微核(MN)率的影响。方法:对某化工厂84名接触MDI的男工和96名对照男工外周血淋巴细胞微核(MN)及其白细胞(WBC)计数并进行检测比较,结果:MDI作为男工外周血淋巴细胞MN显著高于对照组(P<0.01)且随着工龄的增长有递增的趋势(P<0.01);高浓度接触组MN显著高于中浓度组及低浓度组(P<0.01)。结论:MDI具有一定的遗传毒性。 相似文献
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[目的]了解性服务小姐对艾滋病相关知识的知晓情况与对艾滋病高危行为的态度,为今后在该人群中开展艾滋病行为干预与健康教育提供依据。[方法]2006年3月,在龙岩市抽取部分性服务小姐进行调查。[结果]调查641人,20-29岁的占58.66%,初中文化程度者占64.74%,未婚者占70.36%。项目县与非项目县的调查对象对艾滋病相关知识的总知晓率分别为72.86%、61.58%(P〈0.01),对艾滋病三大传播途径知晓率均在80%以上;最近1次与客人发生性关系时安全套使用率分别为95.28%和87.08%,过去3个月与客人发生性关系时每次均使用安全套者所占比例分别为89.38%和73.51%(P〈0.01);艾滋病知识来源主要是电视、报刊、广播者占89.38%和85.43%。[结论]龙岩市性服务小姐艾滋病相关知识知晓率较低。 相似文献
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Padilla MB 《Archives of sexual behavior》2008,37(5):783-793
While theories of "structure" and social inequality have increasingly informed global health efforts for HIV prevention-with growing recognition of the linkages between large-scale political and economic factors in the distribution and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic-there is still little theorization of precisely how structural factors shape the very bodies and sexualities of specific populations and groups. In order to extend the theoretical understanding of these macro-micro linkages, this article examines how the growth of the tourism industry in the Dominican Republic has produced sexual practices and identities that reflect both the influence of large-scale structural processes and the resistant responses of local individuals. Drawing on social science theories of political economy, embodiment, and authenticity, I argue that an understanding of patterns of sexuality and HIV risk in the region requires analysis of how political-economic transformations related to tourism intersect with the individual experiences and practices of sexuality on the ground. The analysis draws on long-term ethnographic research with bisexually behaving male sex workers in two cities in the Dominican Republic, including participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and surveys. By examining the global and local values placed on these men's bodies and the ways sex workers use their bodies to broker tourists' pleasure, we may better understand how the large-scale structures of the tourism industry are linked to the specific meanings and practices of sexuality. 相似文献
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目的 了解开县女性性服务者性传播疾病/艾滋病(STD/AIDS)感染及安全套使用情况,为干预和控制性病、艾滋病的蔓延提供依据.方法 于2011-05/06,对本县城区娱乐场所318名性服务人员进行STD/AIDS检测及安全套使用情况进行调查.结果 318名性服务者中,STD检出率为22.96%,检出HIV阳性率为0.31%,检出病种以生殖道沙眼衣原体感染居首位,占阳性病例数的46.58%;STD感染率以从事性服务工作3年以上为主,占70.59%;318名性服务者以未婚低龄为主,文化程度较低.结论 性服务人群是STD患病率极高的人群且安全套使用率低,在公共娱乐场所开展性病艾滋病基本预防知识的宣传教育,推广安全套的使用,对控制STD/AIDS的传播蔓延有十分重要的意义. 相似文献
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Commercial sex work has re-emerged as a widespread industry since China started economic reforms in the 1980s. This study
examined the role of interpersonal and venue-level factors in commercial sex male clients' (CSMCs) condom use with female
sex workers (FSWs) in China. Given the heterogeneity of commercial sex industry in China, this study also aimed to explore
how these factors function differently by social ranks of commercial sex work frequented by CSMCs. A cross-sectional survey
was conducted with 601 CSMCs in Sichuan province, China. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in this sample was
1.7%. In addition to the individual characteristics, interpersonal factor was measured by the frequency of FSWs taking the
initiative in condom use and providing condoms. Venue-level factor was assessed by the frequency of the managers of commercial
sex venues communicating condom use policies and the frequency of condom availability in commercial sex venues. The primary
behavioral outcome was consistent condom use with FSWs. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that consistent condom
use with FSWs was significantly associated with interpersonal (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI),
1.38, 1.90) and venue-level factors (AOR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.40, 2.80). Moreover, the associations between interpersonal and
venue-level factors and consistent condom use were moderated by social ranks of commercial sex work frequented by the male
clients. The present study findings underscore the need for comprehensive HIV prevention approaches that integrate individual,
interpersonal, and venue-level factors to reduce HIV risk behaviors among CSMCs in China. 相似文献
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目的了解富顺县商业性性服务男性顾客安全套使用情况及其影响因素。方法采用横断面研究设计,通过多途径招募纳入调查对象,进行面对面问卷调查,调查问卷依据计划行为理论进行设计。结果共调查95人,调查对象最近1次商业性性活动中安全套使用率为65.3%,最近半年安全套坚持使用率为44.2%。最近1次商业性性活动中安全套使用的影响因素为安全套使用意向(OR=24.789,P=0.001)、主动拒绝安全套(OR=0.016,P=0.001)、暗娼主动提出使用安全套(OR=9.712,P=0.016);最近半年安全套坚持使用的影响因素为安全套使用意向(OR=71.743,P(0.01);安全套使用意向的影响因素为态度(OR=1.566,P=0.006)、主观规范(OR=0.603,P=0.049)、感受到的行为控制(OR=1.873,P(0.01)、暗娼主动提供安全套(OR=0.038,P=0.008)和艾滋病知识(OR=15.62,P=0.019)。结论商业性性服务男性顾客安全套使用率低,安全套使用行为与安全套使用意向及情境因素相关,同时安全套使用意向受到个体态度、主观行为规范、感受到的行为控制以及情境因素的影响。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨非政府组织(NGO)参与的在女性性工作者人群中开展艾滋病综合干预的可行性模式。[方法]2009年3~12月,在双流县娱乐场所集中性交易活动频繁的某镇,由非政府组织——蜻蜓组织对250名女性性工作者开展完善组织服务点、能力建设、健康促进等综合干预措施,利用行为监测数据进行干预效果分析。[结果]建立了NGO参与的在女性性工作者人群中开展艾滋病综合干预的模式。干预前调查女性性工作者133人,干预后调查136人,最近1次与客人发生性关系时安全套使用率干预前后分别为74.74%、89.71%(P〈0.01),最近1个月与客人发生性关系时坚持使用安全套者所占比例干预前后分别为21.80%、37.50%(P〈0.01);正确就医率干预前后分别为65.41%、77.21%(Pd0.05);获得过宣传资料、接受过同伴教育、接受过艾滋病咨询者所占比例,干预后均高于干预前(P〈0.01)。[结论]由NGO参与的在女性性工作者人群中开展艾滋病综合干预效果明显。 相似文献
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目的利用连续性监测数据,对重庆市九龙坡区暗娼人群艾滋病综合干预效果进行评价。方法收集监测干预服务、艾滋病知识、行为改变等数据进行分析。结果暗娼艾滋病知识知晓率(UNGASS指标)由2006年的11.50%上升到2009年的56.10%;最近1次商业性行为安全套使用率由2007年的54.40%上升到2009年的73.30%,最近1月商业性行为安全套坚持使用率也由26.62%上升到48.54%。结论 2006-2009年重庆市九龙坡区暗娼艾滋病知识知晓率明显提高,高危行为明显改善。 相似文献
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成都市不同经费支持地区娱乐服务场所FSW艾滋病干预效果评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的比较分析不同经费支持地区的娱乐服务场所女性性工作者(FSW)的干预效果,为评估干预方法和分配资源提供依据。方法选择有项目支持的地区作为干预地区,选择人口数、经济条件相似的、仅有财政经费支持的地区作为对照,比较干预地区、对照地区干预前、后的问卷调查结果。结果干预前共调查582人,其中干预组315人,对照组267人;干预后共调查463人,其中干预组264人,对照组人199人。干预后,干预地区艾滋病知识总知晓率由74.3%提高到83.3%,最近1次商业性行为中使用安全套的比例和最近1个月商业性行为中坚持使用安全套的比例分别从55.2%、35.7%提高到75.3%、51.7%,与对照地区比较均明显提高。结论广泛深入的娱乐服务场所FSW干预方法能有效地提高艾滋病知识的知晓率和安全套使用率。 相似文献