胰岛素泵强化治疗初发2型糖尿病远期疗效的临床研究

目的 比较胰岛素泵强化治疗和口服降糖药物治疗初发2型糖尿病的长期疗效。方法 对40例初发2型糖 尿病患者随机分为两组,观察组20例采用胰岛索泵持续胰岛素输注和对照组20例口服降糖药物治疗,比较两种 方法治疗前后空腹血糖、空腹血浆胰岛素水平以及餐后血糖、餐后血浆胰岛素水平等指标,并对结果进行分析。结 果 观察组血糖控制达标时间为(1．3±0．4)周,对照组为(7．2±0．5)周,观察组在使用胰岛素泵强化治疗12周后停药, 连续观察48周,血糖长期缓解,其胰岛素抵抗指数无明显增加(p>0．05);对照组使用降糖药物治疗达标12周后停 药,无法达到血糖控制目标(无法停药)。结论初发2型糖尿病患者,尤其以餐后血糖升高为主者,通过胰岛索泵强 化治疗,可以使胰岛细胞的功能恢复到2型糖尿病自然病程的早期,仅通过饮食和运动控制,即可获得长期良好的 血糖控制．此治疗方法可以作为初发2型糖尿病治疗的可行性方案。     

罗格列酮(文迪雅)诱导初发2型糖尿病临床缓解的研究

目的　了解在解除高血糖毒性的情况下 ,胰岛素抵抗对血糖的影响和胰岛素抵抗在治疗前后 ,以及停药后的变化和长期临床缓解的可行性。方法　通过测定治疗前后空腹血糖 ,空腹血浆胰岛素水平 ,肝、肾功能 ,甲状腺功能以及餐后血糖、餐后血浆胰岛素 ,治疗前后的腰臀围比等指标 ,对治疗前后的结果进行分析。结果　经筛查共有 79例患者进入本试验组中 ,其中 5 3例患者单一服用罗格列酮 (文迪雅 )治疗 ,血糖可以达到控制目标 ,占6 7.1% ;血糖控制达标时间为 (1.9± 0 .3)周 ;空腹血糖、餐后血糖和胰岛素水平以及胰岛素抵抗指数均有显著改善。结论　单独服用文迪雅以及其与诺合龙和 (或 )二甲双胍联合使用均可以安全、有效地降低血糖 ,此途径可以作为初发 2型糖尿病治疗的可行性方案     

多途径诱导初发2型糖尿病患者血糖长期临床缓解的研究

目的了解胰岛素抵抗对血糖的影响和胰岛素抵抗在治疗前后,以及停药后的变化和长期临床缓解的可行性。方法通过测定治疗前后空腹血糖、空腹血浆胰岛素水平,肝、肾功能,甲状腺功能对治疗前后的结果进行分析。结果81例罗格列酮治疗组患者随访调查中,56例患者仅使用罗格列酮治疗,其胰岛素抵抗指数无明显增加（P〉0.05）;73例胰岛素治疗组患者随访调查中,41例（占56.2%）患者在使用胰岛素强化治疗12周后停药,其胰岛素抵抗指数无明显增加（P〉0.05）。结论在初发2型糖尿病患者中,尤其以餐后血糖升高为主、胰岛细胞功能较好的患者中,通过正规治疗,可以得到良好的血糖控制。     

胰岛素泵与皮下注射胰岛素强化治疗初发2型糖尿病的疗效对比

目的:探讨胰岛素泵与胰岛素皮下注射强化疗法治疗初发2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法:选取120例2型糖尿病初发患者并按随机数字表法分为两组,A组(胰岛素泵强化治疗)58例和B组(胰岛素皮下注射强化治疗)62例,观察两组治疗前、治疗2周及治疗6个月后空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(PBG2 h)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、空腹C-肽(C-P)及餐后2 h C-P(C-P 2 h)及血糖达标时间、胰岛素用量、低血糖发生次数。结果:两组患者治疗后,空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)均下降(P0.05),空腹血清C-P、C-P 2 h均升高(P0.05);治疗6个月A组空腹血清C-P、C-P 2 h升高较B组明显,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前后A组与B组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平比较差异均无统计学意义。A组胰岛素用量、血糖达标时间、低血糖次数明显低于B组,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胰岛素泵强化治疗初发2型糖尿病临床疗效与皮下注射强化治疗疗效相当,但前者可缩短血糖达标时间,减少胰岛素用量,降低低血糖发生率,能更快、更平稳地控制血糖,是治疗初发2型糖尿病的首选方案。     

初发2型糖尿病短期胰岛素强化治疗临床观察

目的:探讨初发2型糖尿病患者短期胰岛素强化治疗后血糖、血脂及胰岛素抵抗变化。方法:对72例初发2型糖尿病患者进行短期胰岛素强化治疗,治疗前及治疗达标后检测空腹血糖(FPG,餐后2小时血糖(2hPG),血脂、空腹血浆胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA-ISI)进行比较。结果:2型糖尿病短期强化治疗达标后FPG、2hPG、AbA1C、Tc、TG、HOMA-IR均显著下降,HOWA-ISI升高。结论:初发2型糖尿病短期胰岛素强化治疗可明显改善血糖、血脂代谢紊乱,改善胰岛素抵抗及胰岛功能。     

短期胰岛素强化治疗初发2型糖尿病对血糖控制的观察

为探讨短期胰岛素强化治疗初发2型糖尿病对血糖长期良好控制的影响,对50例初发2型糖尿病胰岛素强化治疗资料进行分析。其中持续皮下注射胰岛素(CSII)30例,多次皮下注射胰岛素(MSII)20例,治疗期间监测三餐前、三餐后2h及晚睡前血糖,治疗前及治疗后实验室检查空腹及餐后2h血糖、C肽,对比两种强化治疗方法的降糖效果及强化治疗前后血糖、胰岛β细胞功能变化;观察治疗后3个月、6个月、1年空腹及餐后2h血糖、HbA1c。结果,两种强化治疗空腹及餐后2h血糖比较差异无统计学意义,但CSII组胰岛素用量较少,达标时间较早,血糖波动较小,发生低血糖少;强化治疗后血糖下降、C肽升高,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义;胰岛素强化治疗后1年,21例患者仅控制饮食及适当运动,25例患者口服少量降糖药,血糖维持正常,4例患者治疗后3个月血糖升高再次使用胰岛素或口服降糖药。表明短期胰岛素强化治疗能改善胰岛β细胞分泌功能,21例患者仅靠控制饮食及适当运动保持血糖良好控制1年;作为强化治疗方法,CSII较MSII更适合。     

瑞格列奈治疗初发2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的探讨瑞格列奈对初发2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的有效性和安全性。方法采用开放性研究,治疗前后自身对照。对60例初发2型糖尿病患者给予瑞格列奈片0.5～2 mg/次,3次/d,餐前10～15 min服用,0～8周为治疗方案调整期,直至血糖达标,8～12周为治疗维持期。所有患者在治疗前、治疗后16周分别测空腹血糖(FBG),餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlC)、体重指数(BMI)、空腹及餐后1 h血浆胰岛素、血胆固醇(TC)、血甘油三酯(TG)、肝肾功能,并观察治疗中不良反应的发生情况。结果用药前后PBG、2 h PG、HbAlC的变化均有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗16周后餐后1 h血浆胰岛素有明显改善(P0,05),空服血浆胰岛素变化不明显(P0.05),可明显降低TG水平(P0.01),TC有轻度下降,但无显著性差异(P0.05),对BMI、肝肾功能无明显影响。结论瑞格列奈对2型糖尿病患者在不增加体重和BMI的同时,安全有效降低血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平,是初发2型糖尿病患者的理想选择。     

初诊2型糖尿病患者短期胰岛素强化治疗的临床疗效

目的探讨初诊2型糖尿病患者短期胰岛素强化治疗的临床疗效。方法选择初次诊断为2型糖尿病患者40例,给予持续性皮下胰岛素强化治疗2周,比较治疗前后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、空腹胰岛素、B细胞功能等相关指标。结果治疗后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）及Homa-IR下降明显,而Homa-β与治疗前比较差异显著（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论短期持续胰岛素输注强化治疗初诊2型糖尿病,能够有效控制空腹血糖和餐后血糖,并且能够显著改善β细胞的功能,值得临床推广使用。     

短期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者血糖控制疗效观察

目的观察短期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊的2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制及胰岛β细胞功能的改善。方法对初诊的2型糖尿病患者29例进行2周的强化胰岛素治疗。分析比较其治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)及餐后2小时血糖(2HPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HBA1C)、空腹胰岛素和餐后2小时胰岛素,由Homa模型计算Homa—β功能指数和Homa—IR(胰岛素抵抗指数),并对治疗成功组患者随访3个月。结果2周的胰岛素强化治疗可以逆转初诊2型糖尿病患者β细胞的功能。结论短期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者血糖控制有良好的疗效。     

胰岛素强化对糖尿病治疗后的血糖控制研究

目的:探讨初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛素强化治疗对血糖控制的影响。方法:对于血糖较高的初发2型糖尿病患者,给予胰岛素序贯强化治疗(首先给予CSII治疗2周,对于胰岛功能恢复较差的患者再给予预混胰岛素),随访1年,分析比较其治疗前后空腹及餐后2小时血糖、糖化血红蛋白、静脉葡萄糖耐量(IVGTT)试验时胰岛素第一时相分泌(AIR)和由Homa模型计算的β细胞功能指数(HOMAβ)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA IR)等。结果:随访终点时,37例(51.4%)患者仅通过饮食及运动使血糖稳定控制1年,为缓解组;35例(48.6%)患者停用CSII后血糖逐步升高,需降糖药物控制血糖,为观察组。经过2周CSII治疗后两组血糖均明显下降,缓解组患者CSII治疗后空腹及餐后2小时血糖均明显低于观察组,伴随胰岛素第一时相分泌(AIR)高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于血糖较高的初发2型糖尿病患者,胰岛素序贯强化治疗具有快速稳定控制血糖和显著改善胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.