支架置入术治疗锁骨下动脉粥样硬化性狭窄闭塞性病变——回顾性病例系列分析和随访结果

目的 探讨血管内支架治疗合并其他头颈动脉狭窄(other craniocervical artery stenoses,OCAS)的粥样硬化性锁骨下动脉狭窄闭塞性病变(subclavian artery stenosis-occlusion,SASO)患者的疗效.方法 回顾性分析接受血管内支架治疗的粥样硬化性SASO患者的临床资料,包括人口统计学特征、血管危险因素、合并OCAS情况以及SASO支架治疗和随访结果.结果 共纳入65例SASO患者,其中男性47例,女性18例,平均年龄(64±9)岁,46例(70.8％)合并OCAS.总的技术成功率为95.4％,其中狭窄患者58例(98.1％),完全闭塞患者7例(71.4％).共有4例发生并发症,无介入相关的严重卒中和死亡.平均随访(24±19)个月,发现再狭窄6例和临床相关事件10例,主要发生于合并OCAS的患者.术后12、24个月和随访结束时首次血管成形通畅率分别为94.5％、81.8％和81.8％,无临床相关事件存活率分别为92.9％、74.6％和68.3％.结论 血管内支架可安全和有效地治疗合并OCAS的SASO患者,其总体临床转归在一定程度上受OCAS的影响.     

血管内支架成形术治疗椎动脉开口部狭窄的临床观察

目的观察血管内支架成形术治疗椎动脉开口部粥样硬化性狭窄患者的安全性和疗效。方法对20例有症状的椎动脉开口部粥样硬化性狭窄的患者行血管内支架成形术,并随访6个月。结果椎动脉狭窄由(71.0±8.8)%下降至(7.0±5.4)%。技术成功率95%,未发生围手术期并发症。在1、3、6个月随访时按Malek评分,疗效极好17例,较好2例,1例在2个月后死亡。19例患者术后6个月超声检查未发现支架部位明显再狭窄和支架形态改变。结论血管内支架成形术治疗椎动脉开口部狭窄安全可行,有一定的疗效。     

支架置入术治疗肾动脉粥样性肾狭窄的临床疗效

目的评价肾动脉支架治疗肾动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的临床疗效,并用肾图评价1年后患者的分肾功能。方法收集2006年1月至2009年8月在北京协和医院心内科接受一侧或双侧肾动脉支架治疗的106例肾动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者,采集患者的血压、抗血压药物种类、肌酐、估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）等临床资料,术后随访6至24个月。结果肾动脉支架术后,患者血压明显降低或稳定,由术前的（160±19）/（86±12）mmHg降至术后6个月的（135±17）/（78±11）mmHg,术后12个月为（138±16）/（77±9）mmHg,术后24个月为（135±14）/（75±10）mmHg。术后6个月的脉压也有明显的下降。所服降压药的种类术前为（2.85±0.73）种,术后6个月为（2.13±0.86）种,术后12个月为（2.19±1.12）种,术后24个月为（2.61±0.87）种。患者肌酐及eGFR无明显变化或轻度降低;而1年后肾图结果显示,部分（11.7%）患者支架侧肾GFR水平稳定或轻度增加,而未支架侧肾GFR水平均有一定程度的降低。结论肾动脉支架重建血运能明显改善肾动脉粥样硬化狭窄患者的血压情况,支架术后单侧的肾功能无明显的改善。     

老年高血压肾动脉狭窄患者介入治疗的长期疗效分析

目的评价经皮肾动脉成形术血运重建对肾动脉狭窄老年高血压患者的血压、肾功能等方面中远期的影响及术后支架内再狭窄的相关因素。方法选择合并有高血压的肾动脉狭窄患者199例;经肾动脉成形术重建肾动脉血运。术后平均随访(19±11)个月,观察患者血压、降压药物、肾功能的变化,并对支架内再狭窄进行相关分析。结果 199例患者中,肾动脉成形术成功率97.5%。病变动脉管腔直径狭窄率由(73±11)%降至(12±10)%。术后随访138例患者血压下降明显,收缩压由(161±26)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133 kPa)降至(1 37±16)mm Hg,舒张压由(85±1 5)mm Hg降至(77±11)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);口服降压药物品种明显减少,由平均(2.4±1.2)种降至(1.8±0.9)种(P<0.01);患者手术前后肌酐水平无显著差异,但对术前有肾功能不全患者估测的肾小球滤过率改善差异有统计学意义;术后24个月发生支架内再狭窄14例,非开口病变是再狭窄的危险因素。结论老年高血压肾动脉狭窄患者经皮肾动脉成形术的手术成功率高,并有助于此类患者血压的长期控制,特别是部分肾功能不全患者肾小球率过滤可能会有改善,支架内再狭窄与病变部位相关。     

颈动脉内膜剥脱术和支架成形术治疗颈动脉狭窄的临床研究

目的探讨颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)和颈动脉支架成形术(CAS)治疗颈动脉狭窄的临床价值。方法选择颈动脉狭窄患者43例,分为CEA组20例和CAS组23例,分析比较CEA和CAS 2种治疗方法的疗效。结果 CEA组成功率为95%,术后随访2年,再狭窄率为10%;CAS组成功率为100%,术后随访2年,发生再狭窄率为13%,2组的手术成功率和术后再狭窄率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CEA和CAS是治疗颈动脉狭窄的有效方法,两者在安全性和有效性方面相同。     

血管内支架置入术与最佳药物治疗症状性椎动脉颅内段狭窄的比较研究

目的研究血管内支架置入治疗症状性椎动脉颅内段狭窄的长期疗效是否优于单纯药物治疗。方法选择101例椎动脉颅内段粥样硬化性重度狭窄(≥70%)患者,分为支架置入组47例和药物治疗组54例。比较2组患者围手术期并发症、再发脑血管事件、死亡及神经功能恢复等长期随访结果。结果 2组患者平均随访(23.3±19.9)个月。支架置入组发生主要终点事件6例(12.8%),药物治疗组10例(18.5%,HR=2.65,95%CI:0.84～8.33,P=0.095)。2组30 d内主要终点事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.247);但30 d至随访结束的累积终点事件发生率差异有统计学意义(HR=0.23,95%CI:0.07～0.81,P=0.022)。支架置入组临床预后良好的比例明显高于药物治疗组(95.7%vs 87.0%,P=0.021)。结论椎动脉颅内段成功置入支架对脑卒中预防效果优于药物治疗,其可改善患者神经功能预后。     

症状性椎动脉狭窄血管内支架治疗的短期疗效分析

目的探讨采用单纯球囊扩张支架,运用保护装置支架置入术与药物治疗症状性椎动脉起始部重度狭窄的疗效对比观察。方法选择后循环缺血患者88例,分为药物组45例、未使用保护装置单纯支架组(单纯支架组)32例和使用保护装置支架组(装置支架组)11例。术后1、3、6、12个月随访,6个月复查64层CT血管造影,12个月复查数字减影血管造影(DSA)。结果单纯支架组和装置支架组共有45处重度狭窄置入支架,成功率100%。随访12个月,单纯支架组发生后循环缺血事件1例,DSA显示支架内再狭窄1例;药物组复发12例。与药物组比较,单纯支架组和装置支架组后循环脑卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作复发率明显降低(26.67%vs 8.33%vs 0,P<0.01),美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分明显降低(P<0.01)。与治疗前比较,治疗12个月3组NIHSS评分明显降低(P<0.01)。结论单纯应用球囊扩张支架和辅助运用保护装置治疗椎动脉起始部重度狭窄安全、有效,其中保护装置联合支架治疗比单纯支架置入术治疗更能有效预防手术中栓塞事件发生。     

Safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral carotid angioplasty and stenting

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of simultaneous bilateral carotid artery stenting (BCAS) compared with staged BCAS in patients with bilateral atherosclerotic carotid stenosis (BCS). From January 2004 to March 2012, 68 patients who underwent BCAS were identified from the Nanjing Stroke Registry Program. Of these patients, 42 (61.8 %) underwent simultaneous BCAS (simultaneous group), and 26 (38.2 %) underwent staged BCAS (staged group). We compared demographic data, major vascular risk factors, procedural parameters, and 30 day outcomes between the simultaneous and staged groups. No significant differences were detected in baseline data between the groups. Patients in the simultaneous group had a lower post-operative systolic pressure compared with the staged group (119.1 ± 16.1 vs. 130.2 ± 17.5 mmHg, P = 0.009). Technical success was 100 % of patients in the simultaneous group and 98.1 % in the staged group. Hemodynamic depression was observed in 57.4 % of procedures, with no significant difference between groups in the rate of HD. Four (5.9 %) patients had neurological complications within 30 days, including two cases of hyperperfusion syndrome in the simultaneous group, and two ischemic events in the staged group. There was no significant difference in the 30 day complication rate between the simultaneous and staged groups (4.8 vs. 7.7 %, P = 0.633). Simultaneous BCAS may be safe and feasible for most patients with BCS, with a similar 30 day complication rate to staged BCAS. Multicenter randomized control studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further explore the safety and efficacy of simultaneous BCAS.     

Does really previous stenting affect graft patency following CABG? A 5-year follow-up

The aim of this study was to compare the graft patency rates among patients who had a previous history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) followed by coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) with the patients who had experienced CABG surgery alone. The 69 patients who were included in the study had a history of bare metal stent implantation prior to CABG (group 1). The coronary angiography results were compared with 69 patients who had a previous history of CABG (group 2). Graft patency rates of the left anterior descending artery and circumflex anastomoses are statistically significant for both groups, whereas the right coronary artery anastomoses are not statistically significant (p = 0.008; 0.009; 0.2). Graft patency rate of LIMA–LAD anastomoses was 43.9 ± 10.8 % in group 1 and 86.2 ± 6 % in group 2 for means of 60 months (p = 0.0001) and circumflex coronary artery anastomosis is 28.9 ± 0.9 % in group 1, 65.7 ± 10.8 % in group 2 (p = 0.0001) and the right coronary artery anastomosis is 37.2 ± 13.6 % in group 1, 56.4 ± 8.9 % in group 2 (p = 0.0001). The graft patency rates of coronary arteries without previous stent implantation were higher than the patients with previous stent implantation and experienced CABG. The results suggest that prior PCI may induce atherosclerotic events in the vessel that can adversely affect graft patency after surgery.     

肾动脉粥样硬化性狭窄介入治疗的长期效果

目的观察动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄（ARAS）行肾动脉介入治疗的安全性、近期及远期效果。方法冠状动脉造影发现动脉粥样硬化的患者同时行肾动脉造影,肾动脉狭窄〉70％的150例患者行肾动脉介入治疗。长期随诊观察血压及肾功能变化。结果150例患者中96％合并冠心病,54％为3支病变患者,共植入170枚支架,成功率99．3％。住院期间死亡3例,随访期间死亡2例。临床随访7个月至5年,随访率为98．6％（145例）。166支血管再狭窄10支,占6．0％。肾动脉造影复查30例,肾血管再狭窄5例,其中3例行再次介入治疗。结论冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄行介入治疗是安全有效的,术后大部分患者血压可以得到改善,肾功能基本保持稳定。     

DK mini-culotte stenting in the treatment of true coronary bifurcation lesions: a propensity score matching comparison with T-provisional stenting

The conventional culotte technique remains not to be widely used for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions due to its inherent drawbacks. Here, we developed a double kissing mini-culotte stenting (DK mini-culotte) and assessed its efficacy and safety by a propensity score matching comparison (PSM) with T-provisional stenting. From June 2010 to June 2012, a total of 223 consecutive patients with true coronary bifurcation lesions (TCBLs) were treated with DK mini-culotte (91 patients with 92 lesions) or T-provisional stenting (132 patients with 135 lesions). We performed a PSM to correct the confounders from clinical and lesion’s characteristics. The primary endpoint was cumulative major adverse cardiac event (MACE) at 1 year including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization or target lesion revascularization (TVR/TLR). The secondary endpoint was the rate of side branch (SB) restenosis at 12 months. After a PSM, there were 66 patients in each group. Additional SB stenting in the T-provisional group was performed in 10 (15.2 %) lesions. The incidence of 1-year cumulative MACE was 4.55 % for the DK mini-culotte versus 13.6 % for T-provisional stenting (P = 0.127), the rate of TVR/TLR was 1.52 % for DK mini-culotte versus 12.12 % for T-provisional stenting (P = 0.033). The SB binary restenosis rate was 5.6 % in the DK mini-culotte group and 22.4 % in the T-provisional group (P = 0.014). In summary, despite that there is no difference in MACE between groups, DK mini-culotte significantly reduce TVR/TLR and SB restenosis in the treatment of true coronary bifurcation lesions.     

椎动脉起始部狭窄支架置入术后再狭窄的影响因素分析

目的观察椎动脉起始部粥样硬化性狭窄支架置入术(VAOASS)后再狭窄发生率及其影响因素。方法纳入2006年1月~2013年3月在空军总医院行VAOASS的患者共78例(80枚支架),分为再狭窄组29例和无再狭窄组49例。采用数字减影血管造影及CT血管造影评估患者术后6个月后支架内再狭窄情况,分析VAOASS后再狭窄发生的影响因素。结果 VAOASS后再狭窄29例,发生率为37.18%,再狭窄组与无再狭窄组在年龄、性别、随访时间、高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、狭窄侧别、狭窄率、残余狭窄率和狭窄长度等比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),再狭窄组吸烟率明显高于无再狭窄组(62.52%vs 38.78%,P=0.022);再狭窄组椎动脉原始内径明显小于无再狭窄组[(3.22±0.58)mmvs(3.65±0.38)mm,P=0.000];多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟(OR=3.833,95%CI:1.042~14.095,P=0.043)和椎动脉原始内径(OR=6.008,95%CI:1.644~21.959,P=0.007)是支架内再狭窄的独立影响因素。结论 VAOASS后再狭窄率偏高,吸烟及椎动脉原始内径是支架内再狭窄的独立影响因素。     

Prevalence of renal artery stenosis in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization

To investigate the prevalence of significant renal artery stenosis (RAS ≥50%), and to identify clinical predictors for significant RAS in patients with an elevated cardiovascular risk, such as those affected by ischemic heart disease. In patients with an elevated cardio-vascular risk, both atherosclerotic renovascular disease and coronary artery disease (CAD) are likely to occur. Prospectively from April 2007 to March 2008, all consecutive patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing non-emergent cardiac catheterization were also evaluated for atherosclerotic RAS by renal arteriography. A RAS ≥50% was considered as significant. A total of 1,298 patients underwent cardiac and renal angiography. Significant RAS was found in 70 out of 1,298 patients (5.4%). The presence of peripheral vascular disease, eGFR <67 ml/min/1.73 m², age >66 years, dyslipidemia, CAD severity and pulse pressure >52 mmHg were independent clinical predictors of significant RAS, and jointly produced a ROC AUC of 0.79 (95% CI 0.73–0.85, P < 0.001). Based on these data, a prediction rule for significant RAS was developed, and it showed an adequate predictive performance with 64% sensitivity and 82% specificity. In a large cohort of patients undergoing coronary angiography, significant RAS is a relatively rare comorbidity (5.4%). A model based on simple clinical variables may be useful for the clinical identification of high CV risk patients who may be suitable for renal arteriography at the time of cardiac catheterization.     

Feasibility of FiberNet® embolic protection system in patients undergoing angioplasty for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis

Objective : To evaluate the procedural safety and filter efficiency of Lumen Biomedical FiberNet® embolic protection system in conjunction with primary stenting of ostial atherosclerotic renal artery lesions. Background: There is limited data regarding the utility of distal embolic protection devices in renal artery angioplasty and stenting. Methods : Patients with angiographically severe (≥70%) renal artery stenosis were prospectively enrolled if one or more inclusion criteria met: resistant hypertension, progressive chronic kidney disease, unexplained heart failure, or flash pulmonary edema. Patients underwent renal artery angioplasty and stenting with utilization of the Lumen Biomedical FiberNet® EPS. The protection devices and aspirate were analyzed for degree of atheromatous particles. Procedural safety and clinical outcomes were assessed through 6 months. Results : Twenty patients were prospectively enrolled at five centers; average age 73.8 (±9.5) years, mean baseline eGFR 60.8 cm³ min^?1. Twenty‐five renal artery stenting procedures were performed. Device and procedural success were achieved in 100% of cases. All patients tolerated the procedure without any adverse events. Embolic debris was captured in all cases. Debris analysis of the distal protection system displayed an average post procedure atheroma area of 51.31 mm². There was no clinical evidence of peripheral atheroembolization through 30‐days follow‐up. No subjects progressed to temporary or permanent renal replacement therapy. Favorable trends in blood pressure control were observed at 6 months. Conclusion : The Lumen Biomedical FiberNet® embolic protection system is a safe and feasible method to prevent atheroembolization associated with angioplasty and stenting of renal artery ostial lesions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Randomized trial of predilation versus direct stenting for treatment of carotid artery stenosis

BackgroundA controversial aspect of carotid artery stenting (CAS) is the placement of a stent with or without predilation. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that direct stenting (DS) was not inferior to CAS with predilation.MethodsElective CAS with filter protection was performed in 205 consecutive, unselected patients with carotid artery stenosis (> 50% if symptomatic and ≥ 75% if asymptomatic by Doppler assessment) who were randomly assigned to CAS with predilation (n = 100) or direct stenting (DS, n = 105). Filter and stent selection were left to the operator's discretion. The study end-point was the angiographic success, defined as ≤ 30% angiographic residual stenosis after CAS without abnormal angiographic findings in cerebral circulation and without cross-over to predilation in the DS group.ResultsAt baseline, patient clinical characteristics and stenosis anatomic features did not differ between groups. Angiographic success was 99% and 97%, p = 0.33, in predilation and DS, respectively. No cross-over to predilation occurred in the DS group. Procedural time was shorter in DS as compared to predilation (24.3 ± 7% versus 19.9 ± 6%, p = 0.001) and visible debris were more frequently captured in predilation as compared to DS (50% versus 36%, p = 0.003). No peri-procedural and 30-day death or major stroke occurred in both groups. Minor stroke and TIA rates were similar in either group (2% versus 0% and 8% versus 5.7%, p = ns, respectively).ConclusionIn an unselected, consecutive series of patients submitted to CAS, DS is a feasible technique and is not inferior to CAS with predilation.     

髂动脉及股动脉内支架植入术的长期临床

目的 本项研究分析了经皮腔内成形术及支架植入术治疗髂动脉及股动脉动脉硬化性狭窄的早期及晚期临床疗效。方法和结果 从１９９４年１２月至１９９７年３月,为３３名患者的３７条髂、股动脉血管内植入４３个Ｗａｌｌｓｔｅｎｔ支架,手术全部成功。临床随访（２６±１４）个月,术后间歇性跛行及休息痛等症状均消失。２３例患者中的１７例（２０条血管）进行血管造影随访,随访时间（１０ ± ５）个月。血管造影随访时髂动脉支架内再狭窄率为０（０／８）;股动脉再狭窄率为３３％（３／９）,全部３例患者的３条再狭窄的股动脉,均成功地再次行ＰＴＡ。结论 髂动脉和股动脉ＰＴＡ和支架术是一种安全有效的方法,成功率高,并发症少。     

Vertebral artery stenting.

The safety and efficacy of endoluminal stenting in treating atherosclerotic vertebral artery disease was evaluated in 38 vessels in 32 patients. Indications for revascularization included diplopia (n = 4), blurred vision (n = 4), dizziness (n = 23), transient ischemic attacks (n = 4), drop attack (n = 1), gait disturbance (n = 1), headache (n = 2), and asymptomatic critical stenosis (n = 1). Success (< 20% residual diameter stenosis, without stroke or death) was achieved in all 32 patients (100%). One patient experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) 1 hr after the procedure. At follow-up (mean, 10.6 months), all patients (100%) were alive and 31/32 (97%) were asymptomatic. One patient (3%) had in-stent restenosis at 3.5 months and underwent successful balloon angioplasty. Endoluminal stenting of vertebral artery lesions is safe, effective, and durable as evidenced by the low recurrence rate. Primary stent placement is an attractive option for atherosclerotic vertebral artery stenotic lesions. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:1-5.     

Volume elastic modulus of the brachial artery and coronary artery stenosis in patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease

This study aimed to examine the association between the non-invasive measurement of the brachial artery volume elastic modulus (V _E), an index of arterial stiffness, and the presence of coronary artery stenosis in patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 135 patients with suspected stable CAD (87 men, mean age, 64 ± 12 years) underwent oscillometric measurement of the brachial artery to obtain V _E. Coronary angiography was thereafter carried out to diagnose CAD, defined as having ≥75 % stenosis in the epicardial coronary arteries. V _E was significantly higher in patients with CAD (1.94 ± 0.34 mmHg/%) than in those without CAD (1.71 ± 0.35 mmHg/%, P < 0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, V _E was an independent predictor for the presence of CAD (odds ratio 1.19 per 0.1 mmHg/% increase, 95 % CI 1.04–1.51) even after adjusting for multiple potential confounders including the Framingham risk score (FRS). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for discriminating CAD increased significantly after the addition of V _E to the FRS (from 0.75 to 0.81, P = 0.034). The category-free net reclassification improvement and the integrated discrimination improvement by adding V _E to the FRS were 0.476 (95 % CI 0.146–0.806) and 0.086 (95 % CI 0.041–0.132), respectively. In conclusion, the brachial V _E was significantly associated with the presence of coronary artery stenosis. The additional measurement of V _E to the FRS improved the ability to identify patients with coronary artery stenosis among those with suspected stable CAD.     

老年动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者支架置入术后肾功能的变化

目的探讨经皮腔内肾动脉支架置入术(PTRAS)治疗动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)对肾功能的影响。方法经肾动脉造影确诊的ARAS并施行PTRAS患者50例,术后随访3～48(16.3±14.8)个月,回顾性分析PTRAS后患者血清肌酐和再狭窄发生率。结果 50例PTRAS全部成功。与PTRAS前比较,20例(40%)症状改善和26例(52%)症状稳定患者血清肌酐水平明显下降[(151.47±54.86)μmol/L vs(182.50±68.87)μmol/L,P<0.01;(95.56±1 2.87)μmol/L vs(101.37±1 5.53)μmol/L,P<0.05],4例(8%)症状恶化患者血清肌酐水平明显升高(P<0.05)。随访期间再狭窄6例(12%)。结论 PTRAS能够改善老年人肾动脉粥样硬化所致肾功能改变,并使肾功能长期保持稳定。加强对军队老干部PTRAS后的健康教育,可部分提高患者对相关危险因素的控制,减少术后并发症的发生,提高生活质量。     

120例颅内外脑供血动脉严重狭窄或闭塞患者全脑血管造影分析

目的 探讨颅内外脑供血动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的全脑血管造影特点.方法 对经全脑血管造影证实的120例颅内外脑供血动脉严重狭窄或闭塞病例的血管造影资料进行分析.根据年龄将患者分为青年组(6～44岁,48例)、中年组(45～59岁,41例)和老年组(≥60岁,31例).结果 全组病例共有狭窄或闭塞324处,单纯颅内动脉狭窄占47%,显著高于单纯颅外动脉狭窄占35%和颅内外狭窄并存占18%.青年组单纯颅内动脉狭窄比例为79%,显著高于中年组(29%,P<0.01)和老年组(19%,P<0.01);青年组单纯颅外血管狭窄比例为10%,显著低于中年组(46%,P<0.01)和老年组(58%,P<0.01);青年组前循环狭窄比例为97%,显著高于中年组(75%,P<0.01)和老年组(56%,P<0.01).脑梗死患者单纯颅内动脉狭窄占35%,单纯颅外动脉狭窄占42%,颅内外动脉狭窄并存占23%;短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者单纯颅内动脉狭窄占44%,单纯颅外动脉狭窄占39%,颅内外动脉狭窄并存占17%.82%的脑(室)出血发生于单纯颅内动脉狭窄患者.共107例患者存在梗死灶,其中99例梗死灶与动脉狭窄部位存在相关性.部分患者存在高血压、吸烟、高脂血症、高龄和糖尿病等危险因素,与狭窄分布模式有一定关系.结论 脑供血动脉狭窄的最多发部位是颈内动脉.单纯颅内动脉狭窄以青年人多见,随年龄的增长颅外动脉狭窄比例逐渐增高,颅内外动脉狭窄并存情况逐渐增多,前循环狭窄比例逐渐降低,而后循环狭窄比例逐渐升高.脑梗死、TIA和脑(室)出血患者动脉狭窄好发部位各不相同.缺血性脑血管病患者梗死灶与动脉狭窄部位密切相关.高血压对患者形成颅内外动脉狭窄影响最大,高龄和糖尿病对颅外动脉狭窄影响较大.