姜蚬护肝方对大鼠化学性肝损伤的保护作用

目的考察姜蚬护肝方(JXHGF)对化学性肝损伤大鼠模型的保护作用。方法采用50%乙醇和3%CCl4溶液分别制备化学性肝损伤大鼠模型,随机分为溶剂对照组、模型组、姜蚬护肝方低剂量组(0.25 g/kg)、中剂量组(0.5 g/kg)、高剂量组(1.0 g/kg)、联苯双酯滴丸组(5.0 mg/kg),每组10只。检测大鼠血清中谷丙氨酸(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平,计算肝脏系数并观察肝脏病理切片。结果在CCl4诱导大鼠肝损伤模型中,与模型组相比,姜蚬护肝方中、高剂量组ALT、AST水平及肝脏指数降低(P0.05);肝细胞气球样变、肝细胞脂肪变性、胞浆凝聚、水样变性及肝细胞坏死评分降低(P0.05),病理学指标改善;在乙醇诱导大鼠肝损伤模型中,与模型组比较,姜蚬护肝方低、中、高剂量组(0.25、0.5、1.0 g/kg)SOD、GSH水平有不同程度的升高(P0.05),MDA水平有不同程度的降低(P0.05),TG水平有不同程度的降低(P0.05),病理学指标改善。结论姜蚬护肝方对化学性肝损伤大鼠模型有明显的保护作用。     

水飞蓟素对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨水飞蓟素对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其作用机制.方法 32只雄性SD大鼠被随机分为4组,以乙醇灌胃法建立大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察肝脏病理形态学改变,并测定肝组织中TNF-α和IL-1β表达.结果 与模型对照组比较,水飞蓟素各剂量组肝脏脂肪变性明显减轻,血清ALT活性、肝匀浆MDA水平明显降低(P＜0.01和P＜0.05),SOD活性升高(P＜0.05),肝组织中TNF-α和IL-1β表达明显减少(P＜0.01),水飞蓟素高剂量组血清AST活性也明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 水飞蓟素对大鼠急性乙醇所致肝损伤具有保护作用.     

丹酚酸B对被动吸烟大鼠肝损伤的保护作用

[目的] 探讨丹酚酸B对被动吸烟大鼠肝损伤目的保护作用及其机制.[方法] Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组,即正常对照组、炯熏组、丹酚酸B预防组.分别测定3组大鼠血清巾谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及乳酸脱氧酶(LDH)目的含量.同时分析血清及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)目的活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量目的改变.[结果] 烟熏组与正常对照组相比,大鼠血清中AST、ALT、LDH、MDA及肝组织中MDA含量均显著增加,SOD活性显著降低(P<0.01);经丹酚酸B预处理后,与烟熏组相比,血清中AST、ALT、LDH、MDA含量及肝组织中MDA含量均降低,而SOD活性增高(P<0.05).[结论] 丹酚酸B对被动吸烟大鼠肝损伤有一定目的保护作用,其机制可能主要与抗氧自由基目的损伤有关.     

椇葛方对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤保护作用研究

目的:建立大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,探讨椇葛方对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为6组,分别是空白组、模型组、易善复组(136.8 mg·kg-1·d-1)、椇葛方高剂量组(99.9mg·kg-1·d-1)、椇葛方中剂量组(33.3 mg·kg-1·d-1)、椇葛方低剂量组(11.1 mg·kg-1·d-1)。空白组灌胃蒸馏水,剂量为10 m L·kg-1,各给药组每日上午灌胃相应药物,每天给药1次,第4天开始除空白组外,其余各组每日上午正常给药,下午灌胃60%酒精10 m L·kg-1,连续酒精灌胃4 d。第4天酒精灌胃1 h后,颈总动脉取血,测定血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)以及甘油三酯(TG)含量。结果:与空白组相比,模型组大鼠血清ALT、TG含量显著升高(P0.05),血清AST含量有升高趋势(P0.05)。与模型组相比,椇葛方高剂量组血清ALT含量明显降低(P0.01);椇葛方低剂量组血清TG含量明显降低(P0.05),椇葛方高剂量组血清TG含量有降低趋势(P0.05);椇葛方中剂量组血清AST含量明显降低(P0.05),椇葛方高、低剂量组血清AST含量有降低趋势(P0.05)。结论:椇葛方对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠具有一定的肝脏保护作用。     

健脾疏肝颗粒对乙硫氨酸诱导非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠药效学研究

目的:探讨健脾疏肝颗粒对乙硫氨酸诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的影响。方法:84只SD大鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,三七脂肝丸组(1.5 g·kg-1·d-1),易善复组(136.8×10-3g·kg-1·d-1),健脾疏肝颗高、中、低剂量组(18.6、9.3、4.7 g生药·kg-1·d-1)。给药组连续灌胃给药8 d,1次/d,给药容积10 m L·kg-1。给药第8天,给药2 h后,除空白组外,其余各组灌服1%乙硫氨酸15 m L·kg-1,14 h后灌服2%乙硫氨酸18 m L·kg-1,空白组灌服等量蒸馏水。36 h后,测定各组大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST),并做肝脏HE染色和油红O染色,观察肝脏病理学改变。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血清ALT含量明显升高(P0.01),血清AST含量有升高趋势但无统计学差异(P0.05),健脾疏肝颗粒中、低剂量组可以显著降低非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血清ALT含量(P0.05,P0.01),高剂量组有降低大鼠血清ALT含量趋势(P0.05),健脾疏肝颗粒中、低剂量组有降低非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血清AST含量趋势(P0.05)。病理结果显示,健脾疏肝颗粒可以明显降低非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠脂肪变性程度,对肝小叶结构完整性和肝索排列顺序也有所改善。结论:健脾疏肝颗粒对乙硫氨酸所致非酒精性脂肪肝具有调节脂质代谢、降酶保肝作用,其机制可能与降低相关酶的活性、调节脂质代谢、降低肝细胞脂肪变性程度有关。     

两面针提取物对小鼠实验性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究两面针提取物对四氯化碳(CCl4)肝损伤的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法 用CCl4建立小鼠肝损伤模型,以测定小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性为指标观察两面针提取物对肝脏损伤的保护作用.结果 两面针提取物能明显降低动物模型的血清ALT、AST和肝脏MOA含量,提高肝脏SOD活性.结论 两面针捉取物对化学性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用.     

玉米黄质对化学诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的预防研究

目的:研究玉米黄质对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:雄性昆明种小鼠60只,随机分为正常对照组、急性化学性肝损伤模型组、联苯双酯阳性对照组以及玉米黄质低、中、高剂量组,测定并比较各组小鼠肝脏系数,血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量;测定肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性、MDA含量以及组织病理系数。结果:玉米黄质各剂量组均能升高急性化学性肝损伤小鼠血清与肝组织SOD、GSH-Px活性(P<0.01),降低血清ALT、AST活性(P<0.01)和降低血清与肝组织MDA含量(P<0.01),并能不同程度地改善肝脏病理损伤。结论:玉米黄质对CCl4所致急性化学性肝损伤具有预防性保护作用。     

角鲨烯对四氯化碳急性肝损伤模型小鼠的抗氧化和护肝作用研究

[目的]观察角鲨烯对四氯化碳急性肝损伤模型小鼠的抗氧化和护肝作用。[方法]60只雄性ICR小鼠随机分成6组,分别为角鲨烯0.4g·kg-1、0.2g·kg-1、0.1 g·kg-1组,阳性组,模型组和对照组,每组10只。角鲨烯0.4g·kg-1、0.2g·kg-1、0.1g·kg-1组分别给予角鲨烯0.4g·kg-1、0.2g·kg-1、0.1g·kg-1灌胃,阳性组给予联苯双酯片1mg·kg-1灌胃,模型组和对照组给予等体积的食用植物油灌胃,连续给予30d。第29d除对照组外各组小鼠给予CCl480mg·kg-1灌胃。第31d眼内眦取血(取血前禁食不禁水12h),分离血清,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)水平;取血后处死小鼠,解剖取肝,检测肝组织中的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的含量及肝组织的病理变化。[结果]与对照组比较,模型组MDA显著增高(P0.001),GSH、SOD显著降低(GSH:P0.01,SOD:P0.001),说明本实验抗氧化动物模型成功,而角鲨烯0.4g·kg-1剂量能显著提高肝组织中的GSH水平(P0.01),显著降低肝组织中MDA水平(P0.05);0.4g·kg-1和0.2g·kg-1能显著提高肝组织中的SOD水平(P0.05),说明角鲨烯有明显抗氧化作用。与对照组比较,模型组血清ALT、AST均显著升高(P0.001),肝组织气球样变、脂肪性变性、胞浆凝聚、水样变性及细胞坏死等病理变化的分级积分显著高于对照组(气球样变、脂肪性变性、胞浆凝聚:P0.001;水样变性、细胞坏死:P0.01),说明急性肝损伤动物模型成功,而角鲨烯0.4g·kg-1剂量能显著降低血清ALT、AST水平(ALT:P0.01,AST:P0.05);角鲨烯0.4g·kg-1和0.2g·kg-1剂量能显著改善肝细胞的气球样变(0.4g·kg-1:P0.001,0.2g·kg-1:P0.01);角鲨烯0.4g·kg-1剂量能显著改善肝细胞的脂肪性变性、胞浆凝聚、水样变性及细胞坏死等病理改变(P0.05),说明角鲨烯有明显护肝效果。[结论]角鲨烯对小鼠因四氯化碳引起的肝组织中GSH、SOD下降和MDA升高有显著拮抗作用,对因四氯化碳引起的血清ALT、AST水平升高和肝组织病变等急性肝损伤表现也有显著的改善作用,且有明显的剂量相关性,0.4g·kg-1剂量的角鲨烯与1mg·kg-1的联苯双酯作用效果相当,表明角鲨烯有较好的抗氧化和护肝作用。     

乌药对急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及机制初探

目的 探讨乌药对急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用和可能机制. 方法 将40只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、联苯双酯组以及乌药醇提物组. 各组分别于末次给药后测定血丙氨酸转氨酶( ALT )、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)水平;处死大鼠后制备肝匀浆,分别检测 SOD和 MDA水平;HE染色法观察大鼠肝病理学变化,免疫组化法检测肝组织核因子-κB ( NF-κB)及肿瘤坏死因子-α( TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β( IL-1β)表达. 结果 与模型对照组比较,乌药醇提取物组大鼠血清中ALT、AST、MDA水平显著降低,血清SOD活性及肝组织SOD活性升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05). 乌药醇提取物组肝组织中IL-1β及NF-κB、TNF-α表达降低. 结论乌药醇提取物可提高急性酒精中毒性肝组织的 SOD 活性,增加抗氧化能力,并可降低肝细胞炎症因子,可能对酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用.     

鸡骨草醇提物对四氯化碳诱导肝损伤大鼠的保护作用

目的:研究鸡骨草醇提物对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导大鼠肝损伤的保护作用.方法:复制肝损伤大鼠模型,随机分成6组:模型组、阳性组(秋水仙碱0.2 mg/kg),鸡骨草醇提物低、中、高剂量组(20,40,80 mg/kg),以及设立正常对照组.连续灌胃给药30 d.检测大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)的水平,采用ELISA法检测肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并进行肝组织形态学观察.结果:与模型组和正常对照组比较,鸡骨草醇提物低、中、高剂量组有效降低大鼠血清中AST、ALT水平(均P<0.01),提高肝组织中SOD活力,同时减少MDA含量(P<0.01),并缓解大鼠肝损伤病情.结论:鸡骨草醇提物对CCl4所致的肝损伤大鼠模型具有保护作用,其机制可能与其抗氧化应激有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.