肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的 研究肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的水平及变化特点。方法 采用流式细胞技术，对41例肺癌患者术前检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平，并与50例健康献血者作对照研究。结果与对照组比较，肺癌患者CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋和NK细胞减少，CD4^＋／CD8^＋降低，差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。淋巴细胞亚群变化与分期相关：Ⅰ期肺癌患者T淋巴细胞亚群未见明显抑制；Ⅱ期CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD9^＋和NK细胞减少，但较Ⅰ期差异无统计学意义；Ⅲ期肺癌患者所有亚群均降低，分别与Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期比较，差异均有统计学意义；随着分期增加，CD4^＋／CD8^＋明显降低，各期之间差异均有统计学意义。淋巴结转移组NK细胞和CD4^＋／CD8^＋均明显低于无淋巴结转移组，差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。结论肺癌患者存在免疫功能低下，免疫功能随着肿瘤的进展进一步受到削弱。     

食管鳞癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的 研究食管鳞癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化特点.方法 采用流式细胞技术,对108例食管鳞癌患者(食管鳞癌组)术前检测其外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平,并与50例健康献血者(对照组)对比,分析食管鳞癌患者T淋巴细胞亚群的变化特点.结果 (1)与对照组比较,食管鳞癌组患者外周血CD3+、NK细胞水平差异无统计学意义(P=0.890;P=0.320);CD4+和CD8+水平显著增高(P=0.001;P《0.001),由于CD8+增高的程度大于CD4+增高的程度,使得CD4+/CD8+较对照组降低(P《0.001).(2)早期食管鳞癌患者外周血CD4+/CD8+低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.112);中晚期食管鳞癌患者CD4+/CD8+进一步降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P《0.001),但与早期食管鳞癌患者相比,差异无统计学意义(P=0.218).(3)有淋巴结转移食管鳞癌患者CD4+和CD4+/CD8+均低于无淋巴结转移患者(P均《0.001),CD8+和NK细胞均高于无淋巴结转移患者,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.002;P=0.005).结论 食管鳞癌患者存在免疫功能低下,随着肿瘤的进展免疫功能进一步受到削弱;监测CD4+/CD8+的变化可作为食管鳞癌病情进展的标志之一.     

乳腺癌患者外周血T细胞亚群与NK、NKT细胞检测的临床意义

目的:检测乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK、NKT细胞表达率的变化,探讨乳腺癌患者免疫状况与肿瘤分期的关系以及免疫指标变化在治疗前后的临床价值。方法 :采用荧光标记法与多参数流式细胞仪检测40例正常女性和120例乳腺癌患者的总T淋巴细胞(CD3+)、T辅助/T诱导细胞(CD3+CD4+)、T抑制/细胞毒细胞(CD3+CD8+)、自然杀伤细胞(NK)、NK样T细胞(NKT)的表达率,并进行统计学分析。结果:无淋巴结转移组乳腺癌患者治疗前CD3+、CD3+CD4、CD3+CD8+、CD4+/CD8+与对照组比较无统计学意义,NK、NKT显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。淋巴结转移组乳腺癌患者CD3+、CD3+CD4、CD3+CD8+、NK、NKT表达率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。经过综合治疗后乳腺癌组各项免疫指标均恢复到正常值。结论:外周血T细胞亚群的检测对判断乳腺癌患者的病情、临床分期有一定意义;经过治疗后能够有效地改善乳腺癌患者的免疫状态。     

外周血淋巴细胞绝对计数在结直肠癌和食管癌肿瘤进展与治疗前后免疫状态评估的临床应用研究

目的通过回顾性分析结直肠癌和食管癌患者手术前后外周血T淋巴细胞和NK细胞数据,探讨免疫细胞绝对计数对于肿瘤患者疾病监测的临床价值。 方法回顾性分析我院64例结直肠癌和55例食管癌患者手术前后的外周血T淋巴细胞和NK细胞绝对计数与肿瘤病理结果、肿瘤分期的关系,以及动态变化表达结果。 结果(1)结直肠癌Ⅰ期到Ⅳ期患者术前外周血CD3⁺、CD3⁺CD4⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数均逐渐增加,其中仅CD3⁺CD4⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺T淋巴细胞数目变化具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后结直肠癌患者各淋巴细胞亚群计数在TNM分期间无显著性差异。(2)食管癌患者术前各TNM分期间的T淋巴细胞亚群计数未见显著差异(P>0.05);术后食管癌患者CD3⁺、CD3⁺CD4⁺、CD3⁺CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数在Ⅰ期和Ⅲ期均有显著性差异(P<0.05),总体表现为随TNM分期,淋巴细胞计数升高。(3)结直肠癌患者术前外周T淋巴细胞亚群计数具有肿瘤分化程度越高其数目越低的趋势,且伴有淋巴结或远处转移患者的术前T细胞数目增加,NK细胞数目降低,但仅CD3⁺CD8⁺T细胞增加有统计学意义(P<0.05);食管癌患者外周T淋巴细胞计数与肿瘤分化程度和肿瘤转移与否均无明显关系。(4)淋巴细胞计数的术前和术后动态分析显示,结直肠癌和食管癌患者外周T细胞亚群和NK细胞数目均表现为术后降低,随后逐渐增高趋势(P<0.05)。 结论结直肠癌与食管癌外周各淋巴细胞亚群计数在TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度及肿瘤转移与否间的临床表现不同;结直肠癌患者可能因机体高肿瘤负荷及低分化肿瘤促进机体免疫反应性T细胞亚群增殖,而抑制NK细胞增生;手术创伤可导致肿瘤患者机体的T淋巴细胞和NK细胞一过性降低。     

宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染者外周血淋巴细胞亚群 变化的意义

目的探讨宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染者外周血淋巴细胞亚群变化的意义。方法选取2014年8月—2016年8月中核四○四医院收治的HPV基因分型检测为阳性的373例患者为研究组,HPV基因分型检测为阴性的85例患者为对照组。流式细胞检测法检测各组外周血中淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+和CD8+)数量,计算CD4+/CD8+比值。比较研究组中,不同CIN分型、宫颈癌分期、组织分化及淋巴结转移患者T细胞亚群的检测结果。结果研究组外周血中CD3+、CD4+淋巴细胞亚群数量较对照组有不同程度降低,CD8+淋巴细胞亚群数量较对照组有不同程度升高,CD4+/CD8+比值较对照组有不同程度降低,经比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随着CIN分级、宫颈癌分期的增加,外周血中CD3+、CD4+淋巴细胞亚群数量逐渐降低,CD8+淋巴细胞亚群数量逐渐增加,CD4+/CD8+比值逐渐降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。分化程度越低、淋巴结转移阳性的患者外周血CD4+淋巴细胞亚群数量越低,CD8+淋巴细胞亚群数量越高,CD4+/CD8+比值越低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染者存在细胞免疫功能低下,淋巴细胞亚群及CD4+/CD8+比值的检测有助于预测HPV感染的转归。     

外周血T淋巴细胞亚群表达水平对恶性肿瘤病理分期的评估价值

目的探讨外周血T淋巴细胞亚群表达水平对恶性肿瘤病理分期的评估价值。方法选取该院2017年1月至2017年11月收治的恶性肿瘤患者156例,抽取研究对象外周血测定T淋巴细胞亚群指标(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+)水平。统计患者治疗前后及不同TNM分期患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标水平,分析外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标水平与TNM分期相关性。结果治疗后研究对象CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+分别为(56.42±10.03)%、(29.61±10.33)%、(40.11±9.68)%、0.85±0.19,CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平较治疗前降低,CD8+水平较治疗前增高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);由单因素方差检验可知,不同TNM分期患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);多重比较可见,随着TNM分期增高,CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平不断降低,CD8+水平不断增高;CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+与TNM分期负相关,CD8+与TNM分期正相关(P0.05)。结论恶性肿瘤患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标水平发生异常,其表达水平与疾病分期存在密切相关性,临床可通过测定外周血T淋巴细胞亚群指标水平对患者机体功能状态予以评估,以此调整治疗方案。     

急性氯化氢气体中毒患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的 探讨急性氯化氢气体中毒患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化,为临床治疗提供依据.方法 采用美国BD公司生产的FACSCalibur流式细胞仪检测37例急性氯化氢气体中毒患者入院当日或次日淋巴细胞亚群总T细胞(CD3+CD19-)、CD4+T细胞(CD3+CD4+)、CD8+T细胞(CD3+CD8+)、B细胞(CD3-CD19+)和NK细胞(CD3-CD16+CD56+)百分数及CD4+/CD8+比值;并与健康体检的49名健康人进行对照分析,观察淋巴细胞亚群的变化.结果 急性氯化氢气体中毒患者总T细胞百分数及CD4+T细胞百分数明显低于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);CD8+T细胞百分数与健康组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);NK细胞及B淋巴细胞百分数明显高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);CD4+/CD8+比值明显低于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 急性氯化氢气体中毒患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群水平存在异常,提示急性氧化氢气体中毒患者免疫功能受到影响.     

肺癌患者外周血T细胞亚群的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨肺癌患者外周血T细胞亚群的表达及其临床意义.方法 应用流式细胞仪检测60例肺癌患者和60例健康者的外周血T细胞亚群的表达情况.结果 外周血T细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4/CD8+表达,肺癌患者与正常人群比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期肺癌患者与Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期肺癌患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论 肺癌患者外周血T细胞亚群异常,晚期肺癌患者机体免疫下降更为明显.     

手术前后卵巢癌患者外周血T细胞亚群及CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞表达及临床意义

目的:探讨手术前后卵巢癌患者外周血T细胞亚群及CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的变化及其临床意义。方法:采用流式细胞术检测80例卵巢癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞及CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞水平。结果:与对照组相比,卵巢癌患者外周血中CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞含量均降低(P0.05),CD8+升高(P0.05);随着疾病进展Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期与Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期比较CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+比值及NK细胞含量均降低(P0.05),CD8+升高(P0.05)。卵巢癌患者外周血CD4+CD25+细胞比例高于正常对照组(P0.05);手术后卵巢癌患者T细胞亚群比例与术前比较并未明显恢复(P0.05),但CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞水平有所恢复(P0.05)。结论:卵巢癌患者免疫功能低下,术后短期并不能恢复,CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞水平升高,术后明显恢复,提示其在免疫耐受中起重要作用。     

胃癌患者外周血淋巴细胞免疫功能的变化及临床意义

目的检测胃癌患者外周血淋巴细胞免疫功能的变化,探讨其与胃癌新临床病理分期(TNM)及组织病理学分级的关系。方法流式细胞仪测定胃癌患者及正常对照组外周血淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞数量。结果胃癌患者外周血CD3+、CD4+、NK、CD19+细胞数量及CD4+/CD8+比值较正常对照组明显下降(P<0.01),而CD8+细胞水平显著升高(P<0.01)。Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者的CD3+细胞数、CD4+/CD8+比值、NK细胞数降低(P<0.05)。胃癌组织的分化程度与细胞免疫功能无明显相关性。结论胃癌患者外周血淋巴细胞免疫功能低下,且临床病理分期越晚,其免疫功能越低。检测淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞可用于胃癌患者的免疫状态监测。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.