心理应激状态对大鼠颞下颌关节组织形态的影响

目的:观察情绪刺激后大鼠颞下颌关节(TMJ)的光镜表现,研究其超微结构变化.方法:选用SD大鼠75只,在模拟情绪应激条件下建立颞下颌关节情绪应激反应动物模型,对连续刺激1、3、5周后的心理应激组、生理盐水注射组、药物对照组大鼠关节盘、髁突进行光镜观察,并与对照组组动物进行比较.结果:情绪应激组、生理盐水注射组动物的TMJ出现明显病理性改变,光镜下观察到颞下颌关节盘的胶原纤维暴露,髁突关节面表面出现裂隙,其中3周组动物病理性改变最为严重,5周时出现适应性表现.1、3、5周药物组无明显病理学改变.结论:长期的情绪刺激可能会使 TMJ 发生病理性改变,但随着情绪刺激时间的延长,关节可能会出现一定程度的修复,这可能与动物的适应性有关.     

心理应激后大鼠颞下颌关节系统的病理性改变

目的:观察心理应激对大鼠颞下颌关节(temporomandibularjoint,TMJ)的影响及其病理改变。方法:90只SD大鼠,随机分为3组:对照组,心理应激组和足部电击组。每组分别在1、3、5周后观察大鼠的关节盘,髁突及翼外肌的显微和超微结构,并与正常组动物进行比较。结果:心理应激组动物的TMJ出现明显的病理性改变,扫描电镜显示1周时髁突深面胶原纤维暴露,裂缝周围纤维排列紊乱。颞下颌关节盘及髁突均出现胶原纤维断裂,其中3周组动物病理性改变最为严重,可见翼外肌细胞线粒体水肿,严重者出现空泡样变5周时出现适应性表现。结论:长期的心理应激可引起TMJ发生病理性改变,但随着心理应激时间的延长,关节可能会出现一定程度的修复,这可能与动物的适应性有关。     

情绪应激对大鼠咀嚼肌肌电图及颞下颌关节微结构的影响

目的:观察情绪因素对咀嚼肌肌电图和颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)的影响,探讨情绪应激在颞下颌关节病发病中的作用。方法:90只SD大鼠,随机分为对照组,心理应激组和足部电击组,人为造成情绪刺激的动物模型。分别在0天,1周,3周和5周后进行肌电图检查,并通过扫描点镜观察TMJ的结构变化。结果:无论是实验1周、3周和5周其松弛状态或紧咬时颞肌、咬肌的电位明显高于0天,且两侧无明显差别,同时,情绪刺激组双侧颞肌和咬肌的肌电图静息期较对照组显著延长;情绪应激1周时,大鼠髁突软骨表面的凝胶样物开始出现不完整,剩余的堆积呈纤维条索样,且可见到髁突表面胶原纤维暴露且排列紊乱。3、5周组大鼠髁突表面有宽窄不等、深浅不一的微小裂隙。结论:情绪应激可以对咀嚼肌肌电图和TMJ的结构造成影响,可能是颞下颌关节紊乱病的病因之一。     

心理应激与对抗心理应激后大鼠颞下颌关节超微结构的变化

目的：探讨心理应激及施用地西泮对抗心理应激后大鼠颞下颌关节关节盘和髁突超微结构的变化。方法：96只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为心理应激组、足部电击组、地西泮药物组和对照组各24只。每组再按实验时间分为1周、3周和5周3个亚组。其中足部电击组只接受电击作为应激源,应激组和药物组处在心理应激交流箱内接受心理应激,对照组仅处在交流箱中而不接受电击组大鼠信息,其余时间所有动物同条件饲养。分别于实验1、3、5周结束时处死心理应激组、地西泮药物组和对照组大鼠,测量体重并收集大鼠颞下颌关节标本,扫描电镜观察其超微结构。结果：与对照组相比,1周心理应激可导致大鼠颞下颌关节出现镜下病理改变;3周时病变最严重,大鼠关节盘表面胶原纤维出现小裂口,髁突表面出现裂痕,深层有胶原纤维暴露,裂缝周围纤维排列紊乱;5周时病变出现修复反应。各时间点药物组大鼠颞下颌关节病变较应激组轻微。结论：心理应激可以引起大鼠颞下颌关节超微结构改变,地西泮可对抗心理应激,减轻颞下颌关节的病理损伤。     

应激原去除后大鼠颞下颌关节超微结构的变化

目的 观察大鼠在应激原去除后颞下颌关节髁突、关节盘超微结构的变化.方法 12周雄性Wistar大鼠32只,按完全随机设计分为实验组和对照组,各组16只,各组又随机分为9周组和12周组,各为8只大鼠.实验组前6周建立慢性不可预知性应激模型(chronic unpredictable stress,CUS),然后去除各种刺激因素,改为正常饲养;对照组始终正常饮食,不加任何刺激.9周、12周时间点分别处死9周组和12周组大鼠,完整分离大鼠左侧髁突和关节盘,制作电镜标本,扫描电镜下观察大鼠髁突及关节盘下腔面超微结构的变化.结果 实验组大鼠髁突及关节盘下腔面扫描电镜下出现不同程度的恢复情况,表现为胶原纤维排列变得有规律,深层暴露减少,表面凝胶样物质增多等,对照组大鼠无明显变化.结论 应激造成的大鼠颞下颌关节局部的病理损伤变化在一定时间内是可以恢复的,即该病理过程是可逆的.     

兔关节盘、髁突及软骨下骨的年龄相关性改变组织学研究

目的:探究不同年龄段兔颞下颌关节(TMJ)关节盘、髁突和软骨下骨的生理特征的变化。方法 :选取1、4、12和32周龄健康雌性新西兰大白兔各3只,取材TMJ,经脱钙处理后进行5μm连续切片,苏木精-伊红染色。分别对关节盘大小、髁突前后径,以及关节盘所对应软骨下骨的形态结构和骨密度进行测量分析。采用SPSS19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:关节盘大小比较,4周组明显大于1周组(P=0.039),12周组明显大于4周组(P=0.007);髁突前后径在4周和12周组间(P=0.003)显著增加;软骨下骨的形态结构和骨密度在4~32周内(P<0.05)显著改变。结论:兔颞下颌关节关节盘和髁突在青春期前生长发育明显;髁突软骨下骨的形态结构和骨密度在4周时开始出现明显改变。虽然青少年期和成年期兔髁突大小没有统计学差异,但是两者软骨下骨的骨质密度差异明显。     

咬合重建对大鼠颞颌关节P物质表达影响的研究

目的 研究咬合重建对大鼠颞颌关节P物质(substance P,SP)表达的影响.方法 Wistar雄性大鼠30只,随机分为3个实验组及相应的正常对照组,每组5只.实验组动物间断磨除右上、下颌磨牙牙冠至龈下,有二组分别第3周、第9周停止磨牙,任其自行萌出,恢复咬合关系.切片行SP免疫组织化学反应(SABC法)及HE染色.光镜观察拍片,并用Image Pro Plus 5.1图像分析软件分别进行测定.结果 与对照组对照.SPSS10.0软件行统计分析.结果 单侧咀嚼实验组咀嚼侧和非咀嚼侧颞颌关节单位面积内SP阳性纤维面积与对照组比较显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05),其非咀嚼侧单位面积内SP阳性纤维面积明显高于咀嚼侧(P<0.01).早期恢复咬合实验组SP阳性纤维面积与对照组比较无差别(P>0.05),其咀嚼侧与非咀嚼侧比较无差别(P>0.05).晚期恢复咬合实验组SP阳性纤维面积与对照组比较显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05),其非咀嚼侧单位面积内SP阳性纤维面积明显高于咀嚼侧(P<0.05).早期恢复咬合实验组HE切片关节结构基本正常,晚期恢复咬合实验组HE切片关节结构有受损病理变化.结论 早期恢复咬合关系颞颌关节内损伤及SP表达可恢复正常,晚期恢复咬合关系关节内损伤及SP表达不能恢复正常,SP参与了单侧咀嚼引起的颞颌关节病的病理变化过程.     

关节盘在羊颞下颌关节强直中的作用

亦有研究证实,严重的颞下颌关节(TMJ)损伤和关节盘去除3个月内将引起羊TMJ关节内纤维性强直,出现一些钙化,但未有完全性的骨性强直。本文目的是评价关节盘在预防TMJ关节内强直中的作用。 将12只纯饲养merino成年羊平均分为2组,Ⅰ组:手术去除右侧TMJ颞骨和髁突关节面,保留关节盘。Ⅱ组:去除右侧TMJ关节面并摘除关节盘。每组中的1     

情绪应激对大鼠颞颌关节超微结构的影响

目的：观察情绪刺激后大鼠颢颌关节（temporomandibularjoint,TMJ）的电镜表现,研究其超微结构变化。方法：选用优等SD大鼠90只,在模拟情绪应激条件下建立颢下颌关节情绪应激反应动物模型,分别用扫描电镜和透射电镜对连续刺激1周,3周,5周后的大鼠关节盘,髁突及翼外肌纤维进行观察,并与正常组动物进行比较。结果：情绪应激组动物的TMJ出现明显病理性改变,电镜下观察到颢颌关节盘的胶原纤维暴露,髁突关节面表面出现裂隙,其中3周组动物病理性改变最为严重,5周时出现适应性表现。扫描电镜显示1周时髁突深面胶原纤维暴露,裂缝周围纤维排列紊乱。透射电镜可见翼外肌细胞线粒体水肿,嵴减少,基质密度降低,严重者出现空泡样变。结论长期的情绪刺激可能会使TMJ发生病理性改变,但随着情绪刺激时间的延长,关节可能会出现一定程度的修复,这可能与动物的适应性有关。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病关节盘前后界限改变的核磁共振定位研究

目的:通过对关节盘前后界限的测定,确定颞下颌关节紊乱病患者关节盘移位改变的情况,探讨其临床意义.材料与方法:16例经临床确诊为颞下颌关节紊乱病患者行颞下颌关节(TMJ)的核磁共振(MRI)检查与13例正常人的MRI影像进行对比分析.结果:T1图像矢状位时,在TMD组,关节盘前缘位于关节结节最低点垂直线前约0.43mm,而正常组则位于其前约0.13mm,两组间差异无统计学意义,闭口位时在TMD组关节盘后缘与双板区交界处约位于关节四中心垂直线81°处,而正常组则位于其93.31°处,两组间有统计学差异.结论:TMD组在闭口位时,关节盘均可有明显的前移,但前缘前移变化不大,这与关节盘形态改变状况一样均为颞下颌关节紊乱病的重要指征.     

Effect of psychological stress on the structure of the temporomandibular joint and the expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-3 in the cartilage in rats

Our aim was to observe the effects of psychological stress on the structure of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and to evaluate the expression of matrix metallopeptidase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) in condylar chondrocytes in rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups of 12 according to the duration of psychological stress: 3 weeks or 6 weeks, and 6 weeks of recovery. A fourth group of 12 rats was used as controls. Each rat was evaluated by the open-field test and the weight measured. The results confirmed psychological stress in 24 of the 36 rats (67%). The tissues of the TMJ were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and pathological changes were studied under a light microscope. MMP-3 and TIMP-3 expression was investigated using the SP kit. The experimental groups showed thinning of articular cartilage, shedding of collagen fibres, cracks in the articular discs, and other structural changes that were aggravated with time, from three weeks to six weeks. The 6-week recovery group showed an improvement in these changes, which indicated the initiation of joint repair. The MMP-3 expression rate correlated with the degree of joint lesion, while the TIMP-3 rate showed an opposite trend and was highest in the 6-week recovery group. Our findings clearly indicate that psychological stress may play an important part in the development of TMJ diseases in rats; further studies should be made to extrapolate the results to other models before clinical use.     

慢性不可预知性应激刺激对大鼠下颌关节超微结构的影响

目的观察慢性不可预知性应激刺激下，大鼠下颌关节的超微结构改变。方法12周龄雄性Wistar大鼠16只，应用完全随机分组方法分为实验组和对照组各8只，实验组建立慢性不可预见性应激实验模型。6周后动物分别断头处死，完整解剖分离下颌髁突及关节盘，戊二醛固定、喷金、扫描电镜观察。结果扫描电镜下显示：实验组髁突表面凝胶不完整，胶原纤维紊乱、断裂、暴露深层胶原组织等，关节盘近髁突关节面表面凝胶样物质覆盖仍较完整，但沟回排列不规则，沟回隆起缩窄降低，沟变浅，而对照组无此改变。结论长期慢性不可预知性应激刺激可造成大鼠下颌关节超微结构的损伤。     

Effect of functional shift of the mandible on lubrication of the temporomandibular joint

Lubrication of synovial joints reduces the coefficient of friction of the articular cartilage surface. To investigate the effect of malocclusion on the lubrication of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), we evaluated lubricin expression in the rat TMJ immunohistochemically, under conditions of functional lateral shift of the mandible, during period of growth. Thirty 5-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into experimental, recovery, and control groups. Each rt in the experimental and recovery groups was fitted with an acrylic-plate guiding appliance. The rats in the experimental and control groups were killed at 14 and 28 days after the appliance was attached. Each rat in the recovery group was detached from the appliance at 14 days, and was killed 14 days after the appliance was removed. In the experimental group, the expression of lubricin staining in TMJ cartilage was significantly decreased during the experimental period. In the recovery group, the expression of lubricin staining in TMJ cartilage was significantly greater than in the experimental group, and there was no significant difference at 28 days between the control and recovery groups. Analysis of these data suggests that a functional lateral shift of the mandible during the growth period influences lubrication of the TMJ.     

鼠颞下颌关节创伤后感觉神经肽阳性纤维的变化

目的:观察间接创伤后鼠颞下颌关节中感觉神经肽阳性纤维分布及密度的动态变化,探讨感觉神经肽在颞下颌关节疾病中的作用。方法:将42只SD大鼠随机均分为6组,分别在创伤前、创伤后1、3、7、14和28d时处死,灌注同定后取双侧颞下颌关节,脱钙后恒冷切片,ABC法漂染,并对结果进行半定量分析。结果:创伤前鼠颞下颌关节中有广泛而丰富的降钙素基因相关肽和P物质阳性纤维的分布。创伤后两种神经肽阳性纤维的密度均显著降低,分别在创伤后3、1d达到最低值。然后逐渐增加,至28d时达到或超过正常值。结论:创伤后颞下颌关节中感觉神经肽的逆行释放显著增加。它们不仅参与痛觉传导,而且是颞下颌关节病理改变的神经源因素。     

大鼠双侧卵巢切除后颞下颌关节的组织学研究

目的 观察成年大鼠双侧卵巢切除对颞下颌关节（ｔｅｍｐｏｒｏｍａｎｄｉｂｕｌａｒ ｊｏｉｎｔ，ＴＭＪ）组织学的影响。方法 ６８只２０周龄雌性ＳＤ大鼠分为２组，用切除是卵巢作为实验组，假手术组作为对照组。分别在术后１、２、４、８和１２周处死动物，用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察大鼠ＴＭＪ组织学变化，同时检测血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）和股骨骨密度。结果 各程期实验组血Ｅ２均明显低于对照组。１２周时，实验检测血清雌     

Substance P and mast cells: preliminary histologic analysis of the human temporomandibular joint

PURPOSE: Neuropeptide-containing nerves can serve as a mechanism for nervous system regulation of host defense responses. Because bacteria associated with reactive arthritis have been identified in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), this study investigates whether the presence of substance P (SP) neuropeptide-containing nerves and mast cells can be identified in the TMJ. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Posterior bilaminar tissue removed during TMJ surgery from 9 women was evaluated for the presence of neuropeptide-containing nerves by staining with a monoclonal antibody to SP. Staining of the TMJ tissue sections with 0.5% toluidine blue was performed to identify the presence of mast cells. RESULTS: SP-containing nerves and mast cells were identified within the posterior bilaminar tissue associated with the vasculature. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of neuropeptide nerves and mast cells within the TMJ has been shown. Mast cell degranulation products and SP release can contribute to TMJ inflammation.