胃肠内补液治疗高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷的疗效观察

目的：探讨胃肠内补液治疗高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷的临床疗效。方法：将66例高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷的患者分为胃肠内补液联合静脉补液方法治疗（观察组）,13例采用常规静脉补液方法治疗（对照组）,观察2组患者治疗前和治疗后24h,48h血生化指标及血浆渗透压的变化、并发症和病死率。结果：观察组治疗后24h,48h血糖、血钠、血钾、血尿素氮、血浆渗透压恢复较快,静脉补液量少,有效降低了心力衰竭、脑水肿的发生率和病死率。结论：胃肠内补液联合静脉补掖方法治疗高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷疗效优于传统的静脉补液治疗,简单、安全,值得临床推广使用。     

醒脑静注射液联合胃肠内补液治疗糖尿病高渗性非酮症昏迷的疗效分析

目的 探讨醒脑静注射液联合胃肠内补液治疗糖尿病高渗性非酮症昏迷(hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma,HNDC)的临床疗效.方法 将2015年4月至2017年4月解放军第八五医院神经内分泌科收治的150例HNDC的患者,按照治疗方法分为3组,常规治疗组、胃肠内补液组和醒脑静注射液联合胃肠内补液组(联用组),每组50人.检测3组患者治疗前和治疗后24、48 h血生化指标及血浆渗透压的变化,观察HNDC患者治疗有效率、并发症发生率及病死率.结果 胃肠补液组和联用组总有效率明显高于常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与胃肠补液组比较,联用组总有效率上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).3组患者24、48 h后血糖、血钠、血尿素氮、血浆渗透压水平均明显低于本组治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);胃肠补液组和联用组24、48 h后患者的血糖、血钠、血尿素氮、血浆渗透压水平均明显低于常规治疗组对应的时间点,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且联用组明显低于胃肠补液组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).联用组患者不良反应及病死率明显低于胃肠补液组和常规治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 醒脑静注射液联合胃肠内补液治疗HNDC疗效优于传统常规静脉输液和单一胃肠内补液治疗,且治疗方法简单、安全,值得临床进一步推广.     

胃肠内补液在老年非酮症糖尿病高渗性昏迷治疗中的应用

目的 探讨胃肠内补液对老年非酮症糖尿病高渗性昏迷（NKHDC）的疗效。方法 15例NKHDC老年患者，8例采用胃肠内补液联合静脉补液的方法治疗（胃肠内补液组），7例采用单纯性静脉补液法治疗（常规治疗组），观察血生化及血渗透压等指标。结果 胃肠内补液组治疗24h后的血糖、钾、钠、氯和血浆渗透压较治疗前明显下降（P＜0.05），48h后恢复正常水平。与常规治疗组相比，胃肠内补液组的电解质和血浆渗透压较快恢复正常，患者清醒早，静脉补液量少，无一例发生脑水肿、肺水肿、溶血和低血钾等并发症。结论 对老年NKHDC患者采用胃肠内补液法简单易行、安全高效。     

高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷的抢救及护理

目的 :探讨早期鼻饲温开水抢救高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷 (HNDC)患者的临床疗效与护理。方法 :对确诊的4 5例 HNDC患者早期鼻饲温开水胃肠内补液 ,配合静脉输液、微量泵持续静脉泵入胰岛素等治疗 ,监测患者的血糖、电解质和血浆有效渗透压的变化。结果 :撤除鼻饲管时患者的血糖、血钠、血浆有效渗透压较治疗前均有显著性降低(P<0 .0 1) ;治愈 4 3例 ,死亡 2例。结论 :早期鼻饲温开水胃肠内补液是抢救 HNDC的有效措施 ,能显著降低患者的血浆有效渗透压 ,降低病死率 ,方法安全、可靠、实用     

胃肠补液对老年糖尿病患者高渗性昏迷的作用和影响

目的探究胃肠补液对老年糖尿病患者高渗性昏迷(NKHDC)的影响。方法以22例NKHDC患者资料为例,分为两组各11例,对照组仅采用单纯静脉补液法;观察组在此基础上进行胃肠补液。结果观察组患者恢复较快,24~48 h内较治疗前的血糖、电解质及血浆渗透压都有明显下降,且并发症少,显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对老年NKHDC患者采用胃肠、静脉联合补液的方式效果好,值得推广应用。     

半渗葡萄糖溶液治疗糖尿病非酮症高渗昏迷疗效观察

目的采用半渗葡萄糖溶液（2．5％葡萄糖溶液）与生理盐水1：1比例补液，配以胃肠道补水治疗糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷（NHDC），与传统的治疗方法相比，观察其疗效。方法临床观察病例48例，采用不同的治疗方法，比较治疗前后各项生化指标的变化、两组渗透压恢复正常的时间及其死亡率。结果两组治疗后24h后血钠、血糖及血浆渗透压值均比治疗前明显降低（P〈0．01），A组治疗前到24h后的血钠及血浆渗透压的减低量明显大于B组（P〈0．05）。A组渗透压恢复正常的时间为（16．22±5．8）h，B组为（22．8±7．65）h，A组较B组明显缩短（P〈0．05）。A组死亡7例，死亡率26．9％，B组死亡9例，死亡率40．9％，两组比较无明显差异。结论半渗葡萄糖溶液与生理盐水1：1比例补液，配以胃肠道补水治疗NHDC疗效显著优于传统的治疗方法，值得在临床上推广。     

鼻饲补液抢救高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷的疗效观察及护理

目的探讨鼻饲补液对高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷的疗效及护理。方法36例患者随机分为鼻饲组和对照组,鼻饲组20例采用鼻饲温开水联合静脉输入0．9％氯化钠及胰岛素,对照组16例单纯静脉补液治疗。结果鼻饲组有18例（90．0％）血浆渗透压降至300mosm/L以下,对照组6例（37．5％）;鼻饲组治愈18例（90．0％）,死亡2例,对照组治愈8例（50．0％）,死亡8例。两组疗效比较,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论鼻饲温开水联合静脉输入0．9％盐水及胰岛素是抢救HNDC的有效措施,能显著降低病死率。     

胃肠道补液为主结合静脉补液治疗老年酮症酸中毒可行性分析

目的：探讨胃肠道补液为主结合静脉补液治疗老年酮症酸中毒临床价值。方法：选择89例患者,其中观察组45例使用胃肠道补液为主结合静脉胶体补液维持方案,并与单纯实施静脉补液治疗的对照组比较,在治疗24h内统计患者补液总量并监测患者血糖、血钠和血钾变化情况,记录尿酮体消失和患者意识恢复时间。结果：观察组4h、6h、12h和24h补液量高于对照组（P〈0.05）,尿酮体消失时间以及意识恢复时间快于对照组（P〈0.05）,治疗后24h血糖、血钠及血钾低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：胃肠道补液为主结合静脉胶体液维持,能较快的改善老年酮症酸中毒患者病理生理状态,促进患者意识恢复。     

血浆晶体渗透压对急性心肌梗死患者预后影响的研究

目的评估血浆晶体渗透压对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者临床及预后的影响。方法将102例AMI患者按入院1 h内的血浆晶体渗透压水平分3组,正常血浆晶体渗透压组为N组72例,低血浆晶体渗透压组为L组21例,高血浆晶体渗透压组为H组9例,按照急性心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南处理,观察3组患者发生心力衰竭、心源性休克、心室颤动、Ⅲ度AVB、住院病死率和30d病死率的差异。结果年龄较大,有糖尿病、心肌梗死、脑卒中和心力衰竭病史者更容易出现血浆晶体渗透压异常（P〈0.05）;血浆晶体渗透压异常组更容易并发心力衰竭、心源性休克、心室颤动和Ⅲ°AVB等严重并发症（P〈0.05）;静脉溶栓冠脉再通率也显著降低（P〈0.05）;住院病死率和30d病死率亦明显增加（P〈0.05）。结论 AMI患者早期血浆晶体渗透压异常,其住院病死率和30d病死率明显增加,提示血浆晶体渗透压异常可能是影响AMI患者预后的独立危险因素。     

心脏介入手术前水化对造影剂肾病发生的影响

目的探讨水化治疗对施行心脏介入手术患者造影剂肾病的防治作用。方法选择符合入选条件的患者107例,分为A（观察组）、B（对照组）两组。A组于手术前12h和手术后24h内静脉给予生理盐水和口服补液,进行手术前水化;B组常规饮水,不做特殊补液。手术前对所有患者常规进行肝肾功能、血糖、血脂、心脏超声等检查,术后复查肝肾功能。A组在水化开始前、手术结束时、术后24h和术后48h测血肌酐值;B组患者于手术开始前、手术结束时、术后24h和48h测定血肌酐值;比较两组患者CIN的发生率。结果 B组患者手术结束后24h血肌酐水平显著高于术前（P〈0.05）;两组相比,患者术后24h血肌酐水平差异具有统计学意义,B组明显高于A组;A组CIN发生率明显低于B组。结论水化治疗可明显降低心脏介入手术患者造影剂肾病的发生率,且简单易行。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.