急性心肌梗塞尿激酶临床应用研究(1138例)

为探讨急性心肌梗塞静脉法应用国产尿激酶不同剂量的疗效和副作用，以及延迟用药的疗效。（１）对１０２３例发病６小时以内的急性心肌梗塞患者随机分为：低剂量组［１．７万Ｕ（２．２万ＩＵ）／ｋｇ］５３９例和高剂量组［２．３万Ｕ（３．０万ＩＵ／ｋｇ］４８４例。两组血管再通率别为６７．３％和６７．８％，４周病死率分别为９．５％和８．７％，各种严重并发症差异均无显著性，说明两组疗效相似，出血并发症在高剂量组略高于低剂量组，但差异无显著性。值得指出的是，在高剂量组有２例发生了致命性脑出血。认为１．７万Ｕ（２．２万Ｕ）／ｋｇ是安全有效的剂量．（２）延迟治疗的效果。发病后６～１２小时急性心肌梗塞患者１１５例［应用尿激酶２．０万Ｕ（２．６万ＩＵ）／ｋｇ］与发病６小时内用药组相比：血管再通率低（４０．０％对６７．５％；Ｐ＜０．００１），４周病死率较高（１３．９％对９．１％，但Ｐ＞０．０５）；重度心力衰竭发生率也较高（１３．０／对６．６％，Ｐ＜０．０２）。说明延迟治疗组疗效明显低于发病６小时内治疗者。     

导管射频消融治疗心动过速的并发症

射频消融治疗心动过速２００例。前期（１～５０例）心脏并发症１７例（３４．０％），外周血管并发症６例（１２．０％），心室颤动２例（１．０％）；后期（５１～２００例）心脏及外周血管的并发症则分别为９例（６．０％）、３例（２．０％），无心室颤动发生。前、后期并发症的发生率存在显著差异（４６．０％ＶＳ８．０％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。前期并发症的发生较后期高主要与经验不多和技术操作不熟练有关。ＡＨ间期延长可能预示严重的阻滞的产生，应予警惕。     

Inoue气囊经皮瓣膜成形术治疗成人肺动脉瓣狭窄

１９８５年１２月至１９９４年８月，５３例成人先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄（ＰＳ）患者用Ｉｎｏｕｅ气囊进行经皮肺动脉瓣成形术（ＰＢＰＶ），成功率为１００％，无严重并发症。术后ＰＶＤ口压力阶差从９０．９±４５．９ｍｍＨｇ减至３８．１±３２．３ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ＰＶ口直径从８．９±３．６ｍｍ增至１７．４±４．６ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。在６．４±２．８（０．８至９．５）年的随访期，心功能保持在Ⅰ级至Ⅱ级，其中９例重行心导管术检查，术前术后及随访的ＰＶ压力阶差分别为１０６．９±４７．７ｍｍＨｇ、５０．１±２９．２ｍｍＨｇ及２９．６±１６．０ｍｍＨｇ（术前比术后及随访Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＰＶ口径分别为８．２６±１．４、１７．２±２．０５及１８．７±１．３ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．００１）（术前比术后及随访Ｐ＜０．０５）．认为Ｉｎｏｕｅ气羹ＰＢＰＶ对ＰＳ是有效和安全的方法，远期疗效满意。     

急性心肌梗塞直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术

目的观察急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者应用直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的安全性和有效性。方法对１１４例ＡＭＩ患者在发病１２小时内行直接ＰＴＣＡ术,其中有５例心原性休克的患者。梗塞相关血管（共１１５支血管）：左主干３例（２．６％）,前降支５６例（４８．７％）,回旋支１２例（１０４％）,右冠状动脉４４例（３８．５％）。ＴＩＭＩ血流：０级８２例（７１．３％）,１级１７例（１４．７％）,２级１６例（１４．０％）。结果１１１例患者手术成功,ＴＩＭＩ血流３级（９７．４％）。住院期间死亡３例（２．６％）,均为心原性休克患者,其中２例经紧急冠状动脉旁路移植术后死亡。８５例患者置入了冠状动脉内支架（７３．９％）。随访９５例患者,２例后期死于心力衰竭,９例出院后出现心肌缺血,其中８例再次行ＰＴＣＡ术。结论直接ＰＴＣＡ是治疗急性心肌梗塞的安全有效措施,成功率较高,并发症少;术后复发心肌缺血发生率较溶栓治疗低。     

影响小肝癌预后的临床病理因素分析

分析４０例手术切除小肝癌的临床病理学特征，其中３２例随访１－１８年（中位数９年）１，３，５，１０年生存率，≤５ｃｍ（１８例）为８８．９％，４４．４％，２２．２％及５．６％，≤３ｃｍ（９例）为１００％，６６．７％，３３．３％及２２．２％，≤２ｃｍ（５例）为８０．０％，４０．０％，４０．０％及２０．０％，总体生存率为９０．０％，５６．３％，２８．１％及１２．５％，１，３，５年复发率为：≤５ｃｍ为２２．     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术的急性血管并发症及处理

我科自１９８７年１２月至１９９４年４月间完成经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）４３０例，共扩张血管７０７支，扩张病变７６４处，成功率分别为９５．１％，９６．９％和９７．１％。其中多支血管行ＰＴＣＡ共２０９例，失败共２１例（４．９％）。发生急性血管并发症４０处（５．２％），其中严重内膜撕裂１７处（２．２％），冠脉痉挛和血栓形成各６处（０．８％），急性闭塞１７处（２．２％），血管穿孔１处（０．１％），     

64例老年人高血压性脑出血外科治疗临床分析

目的分析老年人高血压性脑出血临床特点，探讨其外科治疗的预后。方法采用局麻下小骨窗开颅血肿清除术、锥颅血肿碎吸术、钻孔抽血注入尿激醇溶解３种术式治疗老年人高血压性脑出血６４例，并与同期手术的４３例非老年患者进行比较。结果经６个月至６年随访，老年组恢复良好者３７例（５７．８％），死亡１４例（２１．９％）；非老年组分别为２８例（６５．１％）及９例（２０．９％），两组差异无显著性（Ｘ２检验，Ｐ值＞０．０５）。老年组术后并发症发生率为３５．９％，远高于非老年组的１３．９％（Ｘ２检验，Ｐ值＜０．００１）。结论年龄不再是决定手术与否的主要条件，加强并发症的防治有助于提高老年患者手术成功率。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术229例长期预后分析

为了探讨国人经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后远期疗效及影响疗效的因素，对ＰＴＣＡ成功的２２９例患者用门诊随诊或信访方式进行随访，随访时间０．５～８．４（平均２．３±１．８）年。结果显示：７６例（３３．２％）患者心绞痛症状复发，随访期中死亡２例（０．９％），非致命性急性心肌梗塞６例（２．６％），行冠状动脉旁路移植术４例（１．７％），重复ＰＴＣＡ２９例（１２．７％）。以Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ法计算术后无心脏事件生存率，１年为８４．８％，８年为７０．５％。Ｃｏｘ回归分析表明，术前病变狭窄程度及术后前降支残余狭窄程度与发生心脏事件的相对危险性呈正相关。提示国人ＰＴＣＡ可取得较好远期疗效；术中尽可能减少前降支残余狭窄，可能减少心脏事件发生的相对危险度     

842例胸部包虫囊肿的治疗

８４２例胸部包虫囊肿病人分别采用囊摘除术（７９％）、肺切除术（１２％）、引流及其它外科手术（９％）治疗，死亡率为０．６％；内囊摘除术后复发率为４．２％。３２３随访３一２０年，无１例死于胸包虫囊肿。术前用２种剂量吡喹酮治疗２２例，术时囊液内的原头蚴，死亡率分别为４３．１±９．６％　６４．２±３．５％较未服药对照组９．２±２．０％为高。作者认为内囊摘除术仍为目前最安全有效的措施。手术以前服用吡喹酮，可能对防止病人包虫囊肿复发有益。     

14962 例急性心肌梗塞患者临床特征──中国心脏研究-Ⅰ 专题报告之五

目的分析１４９６２例急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）患者的临床特征。方法用ＳＡＳ６０４软件统计分析１４９６２例ＡＭＩ患者的４周总病死率和并发症。结果１４９６２例ＡＭＩ患者临床特征为：男性病人７３．９％；平均年龄６１．２±１０．７岁；有心肌梗死、高血压、糖尿病病史者分别占１２．２％，４０．４％，９．４％；基础血压１２６．６±２４．３／８１．３±１４．６ｍｍＨｇ；基础心率７９．３±１８．８ｍｉｎ－１。试验４周期间主要并发症心力衰竭为１７．９％，休克４．６％，心室颤动３．２％，其他类型的心跳骤停２．３％，Ⅱ～Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞５．２％，室性心动过速３．６％，梗塞扩展４．８％，脑卒中１．２％，心脏破裂０．５％。总病死率（２８ｄ）为９．４３％，死于泵衰竭为３．２５％，死于心律失常为４．５６％。     

Acute coronary occlusion during radiofrequency catheter ablation of typical atrial flutter

We report the first case of acute right coronary artery occlusion in an adult patient during radiofrequency catheter ablation of typical atrial flutter. ST segment elevation rapidly resolved with antithrombotic therapy. This complication was thought to be due to the short distance between the endocardium and the right coronary artery at the ablation site, the high-wattage output from the radiofrequency generator, and the lack of sufficient cooling effect related to a severe upstream coronary stenosis. In patients with known right coronary artery stenosis who are suffering from typical atrial flutter, evaluation of the significance of the stenosis would be reasonable.     

Ventricular standstill complicating left heart catheterization in the presence of uncomplicated right bundle branch block.

We report the unusual occurrence of complete heart block during attempted right coronary artery cannulation in a patient with pre-existing uncomplicated right bundle branch block (RBBB). This complication occurred due to accidental impingement of the Judkin's right coronary catheter on the left bundle when it transiently slipped across the aortic valve. The block resolved without any complication.     

心脏介入性治疗中合并即刻与迟发心脏压塞

目的 总结心脏介入性治疗术中发生的心脏压塞的临床特点和诊治经验。方法 回顾分析心脏起搏器植入术、快速心律失常射频导管消融术和冠心病介入性治疗中心脏压塞的临床特点和处理的方式及结果。结果 8例患者发生心脏压塞，其中男性5例，女性3例，年龄48～73岁。介入性治疗术中即刻出现填塞症状5例，迟发症状3例；救治成功7例，死亡1例。其中起搏器植入术2例，射频导管消融术3例，并发于冠心病介入性治疗术3例。结论 心脏介入性治疗合并即刻和迟发两类心脏压塞，多与操作不当有关。应提高认识，加强防范意识，改进操作技巧。     

经导管心房除颤在射频消融术中的应用

报道 9例心房颤动 (简称房颤 )患者在射频消融术中用经导管心房同步电除颤的结果。其中有房颤发作史者 5例 ,余 4例为心内电生理检查时诱发。房颤发作时采用普通电生理导管及消融导管在冠状窦与右心耳间放电。9例成功转复为窦性心律 ,平均放电 2 .2次 ,复律成功所需功率为 8.5 6± 4.95J。除 1例需 2 0J转复为窦性心律患者感轻度胸痛外 ,其余仅有心脏轻度震动感。所有患者均未用镇静剂 ,无并发症发生。     

Occluding spasm of the total left coronary artery during coronary angiography

Catheter-induced coronary artery spasms are rare during diagnostic coronary angiography, and they occur more often after PTCA because of local vessel wall injury. These spasms are rapidly reversible after administration of nitroglycerine and are normally no cause of serious complications. We report about a catheter-induced occlusive spasm of the entire left anterior descending and circumflex coronary artery in a 56-year-old patient with coronary double-vessel disease, 70% restenosis of the LAD, and a history of two coronary angiographic procedures and one PTCA without any complication. The spasm occurred immediately after the intubation of the left main stem with a 9F PTCA guiding catheter before the coronary guide wire or balloon was advanced into the LAD. Cardiac resuscitation was necessary due to acute left heart failure. The spasm was spontaneously reversible, but reproducible. Therefore, life-threatening coronary artery spasm can occur during coronary angiography or PTCA, but the tendency of spontaneous spasm relief seems to be high.     

Symptoms of advanced heart failure—A case for radiofrequency catheter ablation?

A sixty-year-old man with previous history of coronary artery disease was admitted due to progressive worsening of dyspnoea at exertion (NYHA III functional class) and no angina. Coronary angiography confirmed occlusion of the right coronary artery which was naturally bypassed by homocollaterals with TIMI 3 flow to the peripheral branches. The lesion was not technically suitable for percutaneous angioplasty. The left coronary artery was without stenosis. On echocardiography, both the left ventricle and the left atrium were dilated and hemodynamically significant mitral regurgitation was present. Surface ECG showed a left bundle branch block with repeated runs of monomorphic ventricular ectopic beats (PVC). Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the focus in the posteroseptal region of the left ventricle underneath the mitral valve was performed using electroanatomical mapping system. After the procedure, mitral regurgitation decreased and reverse remodeling of the left ventricle and the left atrium occurred with concomitant significant clinical improvement of the patient. The authors discuss several treatment strategies: mitral valve repair surgery combined with revascularization, implantation of a biventricular ICD system or elimination of the focus of monomorphic VT runs by radiofrequency catheter ablation as a possible causal approach in the treatment of PVC-induced cardiomyopathy.     

Transthoracic epicardial catheter ablation to treat recurrent ventricular tachycardia

Nonsurgical epicardial transthoracic catheter ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that has proven to be efficacious for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia (VT). The usefulness of this technique depends on the prevalence of epicardial circuits, which seem more frequent in Chagasic than post-myocardial infarction VT. This approach is limited by concern regarding the potential adverse effects of radiofrequency (RF) ablation on the coronary arteries. However, the effects of RF ablation delivered in the vicinity of a major coronary artery are limited to the medial artery. Severe intimal hyperplasia and intravascular thrombosis may occur only when RF ablation is delivered above the artery. Moreover, susceptibility to damage is inversely proportional to the vessel size. Coronary artery injury is an uncommon (< 1%) complication that could be prevented by a coronary angiogram prior to ablation. Hemopericardium, another predictable complication occurring in 10% of patients, can be easily controlled in the electrophysiology laboratory.     

超高龄阵发性室上性心动过速患者的射频导管消融研究

目的探讨超高龄患者阵发性室上性心动过速射频导管消融（下称消融）的有效性和安全性。方法对11例80岁以上的超高龄阵发性室上性心动过速患者采用常规方法消融治疗。结果先行冠状动脉造影术2例。因髂动脉迂曲选择对侧动脉或使用长血管鞘跨过迂曲部位消融成功4例。术中发生心力衰竭1例，在导管操作及电生理检查中诱发心房颤动、房性心动过速5例。主动脉瓣狭窄应用直接穿间隔法后消融1例。在放电时出现二度房室传导阻滞1例，一度房室传导阻滞2例。穿刺点出现血肿1例。11例首次消融均成功。术后随访24个月均未复发，也无传导阻滞等严重并发症发生。结论超高龄阵发性室上性心动过速患者采用消融治疗安全有效，但根据不同个体电生理特点需制定不同的治疗方案。     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways in infants.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the indications, results and complications of radiofrequency catheter ablation in small infants with supraventricular tachycardia due to an accessory atrioventricular pathway. METHODS: Five infants less than 9 months old underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways. Ablation was done for medically refractory tachyarrhythmia associated with aborted sudden death in two patients, left ventricular dysfunction in one, failure of antiarrhythmic drugs in one, and planned cardiac surgery in one. All five patients underwent a single successful procedure. Three left free wall pathways were ablated by transseptal approach, a right posteroseptal pathway was ablated from the inferior vena cava, and a left posteroseptal pathway was approached from the inferior vena cava into the coronary sinus. A deflectable 5F bipolar electrode catheter with a 3 mm tip was used. RESULTS: A sudden increment in impedance indicative of coagulum formation was observed in two procedures. One patient developed a transient ischaemic complication after ablation of a left lateral accessory pathway by transseptal approach. This patient had mild pericardial effusion after the procedure. Moderate pericardial effusion was also noted in another patient. After a mean follow up of 18.4 months all patients are symptom free without treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency catheter ablation can be performed successfully in infants. Temperature monitoring in 5F ablation catheters would be desirable to prevent the development of coagulum. Echocardiography must be performed after the ablation procedure to investigate pericardial effusion.     

Distal end of the atrioventricular nodal artery predicts the risk of atrioventricular block during slow pathway catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia

OBJECTIVE—To search for a reliable anatomical landmark within Koch's triangle to predict the risk of atrioventricular (AV) block during radiofrequency slow pathway catheter ablation of AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT).
PATIENTS AND METHODS—To test the hypothesis that the distal end of the AV nodal artery represents the anatomical location of the AV node, and thus could be a useful landmark for predicting the risk of AV block, 128 consecutive patients with AVNRT receiving slow pathway catheter ablation were prospectively studied in two phases. In phase I (77 patients), angiographic demonstration of the AV nodal artery and its ending was performed at the end of the ablation procedure, whereas in the subsequent phase II study (51 patients), the angiography was performed immediately before catheter ablation to assess the value of identifying this new landmark in reducing the risk of AV block. Multiple electrophysiologic and anatomical parameters were analysed. The former included the atrial activation sequence between the His bundle recording site (HBE) and the coronary sinus orifice or the catheter ablation site, either during AVNRT or during sinus rhythm. The latter included the spatial distances between the distal end of the AV nodal artery and the HBE and the final catheter ablation site, and the distance between the HBE and the tricuspid border at the coronary sinus orifice floor.
RESULTS—In phase I, nine of the 77 patients had complications of transient (seven patients) or permanent (two patients) complete AV block during stepwise, anatomy guided slow pathway catheter ablation. These nine patients had a wider distance between the HBE and the distal end of the AV nodal artery, and a closer approximation of the catheter ablation site to the distal end of the AV nodal artery, which independently predicted the risk of AV block. In contrast, none of the available electrophysiologic parameters were shown to be reliable. When the distance between the distal end of the AV nodal artery and the ablation target site was more than 2 mm, the complication of AV block virtually never occurred. In phase II, all 51 patients had successful elimination of the slow pathways without complication when the ablation procedure was guided by preceding angiography with identification of the distal end of the AV nodal artery.
CONCLUSIONS—The distal end of the AV nodal artery shown by angiography serves as a useful landmark for the prediction of the risk of AV block during slow pathway catheter ablation of AVNRT.


Keywords: atrioventricular nodal artery; atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia; catheter ablation; heart block.