中等城市卫生服务需方对现行医疗保险制度的反应性研究

目的明确卫生服务需方对城镇职工医保的评价,分析目前实施过程中存在的问题及原因,提出改进策略,为完善城镇职工医疗保险制度提供参考.方法运用多种社会学调查方法对某中等城市卫生服务需方进行现场调查,包括专题小组讨论、个别访谈、现场观察等.结果需方对城镇职工医疗保险改革最关注的问题是:能否参与医保,在其就医时能否得到经济的支持;医疗服务的提供问题,其中医疗费用过高、医疗服务提供的不合理、医德等问题较为突出;医保管理制度的便民性有待加强.结论实行医保广覆盖,设立不同层次的医疗保险以满足不同层次的需要;解决医保的医疗费用过高的问题;争取社区卫生服务成为医保的定点机构,提高服务质量、扩大服务范围;对一些新的职业性疾病提供优惠政策.     

The Impact of Health Insurance on Health Outcomes and Spending of the Elderly: Evidence from China's New Cooperative Medical Scheme

This paper investigates the effects of China's New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) on health outcomes and healthcare expenditure of the elderly in rural China, using panel data from the 2005 and 2008 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We employ a strategy that combines propensity score matching with a difference‐in‐differences approach to address selection bias. Results show that the NCMS has significantly improved the elderly enrollees' activities of daily living and cognitive function but has not led to better self‐assessed general health status. We find no significant effect of NCMS on mortality for the previously uninsured elderly in NCMS counties, although there is moderate evidence that it is associated with reduced mortality for the elderly enrollees. We also find that the elderly participants are more likely to get adequate medical services when sick, which provides a good explanation for the beneficial health effects of NCMS. However, there is no evidence that the NCMS has reduced their out‐of‐pocket spending. Furthermore, we also find that low‐income seniors benefit more from NCMS participation in terms of health outcomes and perceived access to health care, suggesting that the NCMS helps reduce health inequalities among the rural elderly. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国城镇职工基本医疗保险的道德风险及其防范

通过江苏省镇江市等城市多年的实践表明：城镇职工基本医疗保险中存在着道德风险,其主要原因：一是基本医疗水平较高;二是基本医疗保险覆盖面较窄;三是医保规定不完善;四是部分参保单位上缴基金不足等造成医保资金的流失。据此笔者提出：建立低水平、广覆盖的多层次的补充医疗保险;进一步医保基金的筹资和管理方式;建立有效的个人筹资和医疗费用分担机制等,最大限度地减少职工基本医疗保险的道德风险。     

医改对参保职工卫生服务公平性影响作用分析

通过对城镇参保职工卫生服务公平性的调查分析,在医改前后城镇参保职工基尼系数无差别的情况下,得出城镇参保职工健康、卫生服务的提供、可及性以及卫生服务筹资等方面都存在着不同程度的不公平性,除卫生服务筹资不公平性外,其他不公平性医改后均有所减少。本文在分析上述现象的基础上,提出相关建议。     

南通市基本医疗保险结算费用及流向分析

目的:分析费用控制效果与流向变化,明确管理重点,提出政策建议.方法:用SPSS11.0和Excel软件对南通市2000-2002年基本医疗保险实际数据进行统计分析.结果:(1)参保病人费用与全国平均水平相近,低于当地平均水平;药费比例逐渐下降,费用结构基本合理.(2)"板块式"管理和"总量控制、均值管理"的支付方式近期费用控制效果较好,后期费用增速加快.(3)门诊费用控制较好,住院费用增速加快.(4)三级医院费用增速快,二级医院与社会医疗机构费用与其等级不符.(5)门诊分流合理,住院医疗过度集中于三级医院.结论:(1)基本医疗保险制度既保障了参保职工的基本医疗需求,又有较好的费用控制效果.但是由于政策效应随时间递减,应加强对费用控制策略的研究,引导病人的合理分流,科学控制费用,提高基金利用效率.(2)医疗机构面对机遇与危机,应加强质量建设,提供规范、诚信服务.(3)加强区域卫生规划,提高卫生资源利用效率.     

城镇职工基本医疗保险制度运行质量评价初论

我国已在全国范围内逐步建立完善城镇职工基本医疗保险制度,至今已经运行了5年,有必要对该制度的运行质量进行系统的评价.文章从该制度的政策目标出发,运用层次分析方法和系统理论,提出了评价指标体系的基本评价要素-公平性、效率、质量和可持续性,并分别对其基本内涵进行了初步探讨.     

城乡医保一体化管理对临床医生工作影响的思考

以医院医保新农合部门管理职工医保、居民医保、新农合工作中遇到的困难为切入点,充分认识城乡医保一体化管理的必要性及迫切性.强调从体制、机制上营造宽松条件,避免医务人员在研究不同医保、新农合政策上花费更多的时间,让医生们能有更多的精力致力于临床医学实践和科学研究,从而实现真正意义上的高质量、高效率地满足全民医保需要,从根本上提高全民的医疗保障水平.     

Health Insurance,Health Savings Accounts and Healthcare Utilization

Assuming symmetric information, we show that a high‐deductible health plan (HDHP) combined with a tax‐favored health savings account (HSA) induces more savings and less treatment compared with a full coverage plan under reasonable risk preferences. Furthermore, a higher tax subsidy increases savings in any case but decreases medical utilization if and only if treatment expenses are above the deductible. A larger deductible increases savings but does not necessarily decrease healthcare utilization. Whether an HDHP/HSA combination is preferred over a full coverage contract depends on absolute risk aversion. A higher tax advantage increases the attractiveness of an HDHP/HSA combination, whereas the effects of changes in the deductible are ambiguous. The paper shows that a potential regulator needs to carefully set the size of the deductible as only in a certain corridor of the probability of sickness, its effect on aggregate healthcare costs are unambiguously favorable. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

社会医疗保险的医疗费用函数建模分析

由于疾病发生的随机性、医学技术进步和道德风险的影响,社会医疗保险在医疗费用的精算上存在着很大困难。以我国社会医疗保险患者中336万余次实际就诊记录的大样本数据资料为基础,通过显著性因子检验,建立了以工资收入、相对医疗费用指数、职工类别和性别为参数的医疗费用函数多元回归对数线性模型,并成功地应用于社会医疗保险基金运行过程的仿真分析之中,对于社会医疗保险的管理与决策具有重要的价值。     

Employer Health Insurance Offerings and Employee Enrollment Decisions

Objective. To determine how the characteristics of the health benefits offered by employers affect worker insurance coverage decisions.
Data Sources. The 1996–1997 and the 1998–1999 rounds of the nationally representative Community Tracking Study Household Survey.
Study Design. We use multinomial logistic regression to analyze the choice between own-employer coverage, alternative source coverage, and no coverage among employees offered health insurance by their employer. The key explanatory variables are the types of health plans offered and the net premium offered. The models include controls for personal, health plan, and job characteristics.
Principal Findings. When an employer offers only a health maintenance organization married employees are more likely to decline coverage from their employer and take-up another offer (odds ratio (OR)=1.27, p <.001), while singles are more likely to accept the coverage offered by their employer and less likely to be uninsured (OR=0.650, p <.001). Higher net premiums increase the odds of declining the coverage offered by an employer and remaining uninsured for both married (OR=1.023, p <.01) and single (OR=1.035, p <.001) workers.
Conclusions. The type of health plan coverage an employer offers affects whether its employees take-up insurance, but has a smaller effect on overall coverage rates for workers and their families because of the availability of alternative sources of coverage. Relative to offering only a non-HMO plan, employers offering only an HMO may reduce take-up among those with alternative sources of coverage, but increase take-up among those who would otherwise go uninsured. By modeling the possibility of take-up through the health insurance offers from the employer of the spouse, the decline in coverage rates from higher net premiums is less than previous estimates.     

我国医疗保障体系保障能力测算

文章从卫生总费用的角度探究我国医疗保障体系的保障能力,依据医疗保障制度覆盖程度、人均医疗总费用以及人均医疗费用支出测算我国医疗保障体系的社会共付比,即保障制度风险分担的能力。测算表明,2010年我国已有近95%的人口被医疗保障制度所覆盖,2009年我国全社会人均医疗费用为953.5元,全社会人均支付比例为51.7%,且呈逐年下降趋势。在各种保障制度的风险分担下,居民个人医疗费用支付比为48.8%,保障能力稳步提高,保障制度抵御疾病经济风险的能力逐渐显现。     

大学生对城镇居民基本医保的参保与缴费意愿

以南京市为例,采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,有效调查2324名在校大学生,分析大学生对参加城镇居民医保的意愿。结果显示:大学生参加城镇居民医保的积极性不高,受城乡、月消费水平、医保了解程度的影响,建议设计不同的参保套餐,实现应保尽保。     

社区卫生服务与医疗保险的经济良性循环研究

随着医学模式，疾病谱和人口年龄结构的改变，为了保证城镇职工的基本医疗和有效控制卫生费用，必须使社区卫生服务与医疗保险协调发展，优势互补，形成两者的良性循环。在保证社会效益的前提下，应制定和完善相关政策，探讨解决影响社区卫生服务和医疗保险衔接的办法。     

Urban employee health insurance reform and the impact on out-of-pocket payment in China

Since the middle of the 1990s, China has undertaken a significant reform in urban employee health insurance programs. Using data from the pilot experiment conducted in Zhenjiang, this study examines changes in the pre- and post-reform distributions of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures across four representative groups by chronic disease, income, education, and job status. Major findings suggested increased OOP expenditures for all groups after the reform. However, the redistributions in OOP appear to be in favor of the disadvantaged groups, suggesting a more equitable change led by the reform. This study concludes that the post-reform insurance model did not compromise equity in cost-sharing while containing cost inflation and increasing insurance coverage for the urban population.     

城镇医疗保险与社区卫生服务的政策对接研究

城镇医疗保险与社区卫生服务的政策对接是新医改的突破口。文章论证了城镇医疗保险与社区卫生服务的政策对接的重要意义,分析了城镇医疗保险与社区卫生服务的现状及存在的问题,提出了政策建议:确立医疗保险与社区卫生服务对接的法律地位,发挥法制的强制作用;加大政府的资金投入;统一管理机构;加强监督审核;发挥社区卫生服务与基本医疗保险的互补优势;进一步扩大基本医疗保险范围。     

城乡医保普及对居民医疗费用控制的影响分析

目的:从我国现行体制下医保与医疗机构的主体特征角度,分析城乡医保普及对医疗费用增长的影响.方法:选取2003年以来我国医保普及前后医疗费用增长的统计数据,比较医疗费用的变化趋势.结果:我国医保具有预算软约束特征,医疗机构有较强的诱导需求动机;根据统计数据,在2009年医保普及前后,我国综合医院的医疗费用处于稳定的增长状态,直到2015年政府对医疗费用直接干预,居民医疗费用的增长率急剧下降.结论:医保的主体地位不突出,影响了医保控费的效果,政府应加强医保的外部制衡作用,提高医保在医患保三者关系中的核心地位,并逐步建立以需求方为导向的医疗价格形成机制.     

商业健康保险在医疗卫生服务中的作用

本文阐述商业健康保险作用于医疗卫生服务的理论基础,分析商业健康保险对医疗卫生服务的作用及其不足的原因,对商业健康保险发挥在其医疗卫生服务中的作用提出对策建议,为发展商业健康保险促进医疗卫生服务提供了理论借鉴。     

总量控制与个人付费相结合的费用控制机制的探索

为为控制医疗费用不合理增长,确保医疗保险费用的收支平衡,建立和完善有中国特色的职工医疗保障制度,镇江市在５年医改实践中,探索形成了一套总量控制与个人自付相结合的医疗费用控制机制。为此,我们对这一机制的形成以及通过这一机制所产生的作用进行了总结和分析,旨在为我国正在进行的城镇职工医疗保险制度改革提供有效的借鉴。     

2015-2019年广西城乡居民医疗保险卫生服务利用与医保待遇水平分析

目的:对2015-2019年广西城乡居民医疗保险卫生服务利用与医保待遇水平进行分析,探索其存在的问题并提出相应建议。方法:从不同主体的普通门急诊、门诊大病、住院的次均就诊费用及平均住院日和相对应的统筹支付占比等指标来描述分析广西2015-2019年城乡居民医疗保险卫生服务利用和医保待遇水平情况;结果:普通门急诊、门诊大病和住院的次均费用的年均增长率变化区间分别为-3.49%~8.38%、2.93%~31.41%和-3.36%~10.42%;其中,总体门诊大病次均就诊费用、大学生、学生儿童、三级医院和异地就医门诊大病次均就诊费用年均增长率分别为9.39%、31.41%、13.39%、13.01%和23.7%;平均住院日年均降幅在4.5%-10.26%之间。总统筹支付占比在37.82%~59.44%之间。结论:门诊大病费用增长较快;平均住院床日有效缩短;保障待遇水平应加强费用控制,减少患者就医中的不合理开支。     

兵团城镇职工基本医疗保险覆盖人口的医疗服务利用变化分析

目的:分析新疆生产建设兵团城镇职工基本医疗保险参保人口医疗服务利用的变化情况,为进一步发展和完善兵团城镇职工基本医疗保险提供依据。方法:利用兵团2004年和2010年两次卫生服务调查资料,对参保人口的卫生服务需要、卫生服务利用和医疗费用变化进行分析。结果:2004年与2010年相比,参保职工两周患病率由211.8‰上升到390.2‰,两周就诊率由81.6‰上升至95.0‰,年住院率由106.9‰上升至145.9‰,未住院率由19.4%下降到14.1%,经济困难是未利用住院服务的主要原因,次均就诊费用年增长率为4.1%,次均住院费用年增长率为5.7%。结论:兵团城镇职工基本医疗保险制度一定程度地促进了职工对门诊及住院医疗服务的利用,但医疗费用增长较快,补偿水平不高,尚不能完全保障职工合理的医疗服务需求。