系统性红斑狼疮患者抗u1RNP抗体检测的临床意义

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者抗u1RNP抗体阳性的临床意义。方法对2006年6月～2009年6月在我院住院的抗u1RNP抗体阳性的46例SLE患者的临床资料进行分析,并与同期抗u1RNP抗体阴性的SLE患者62例临床资料进行比较。结果抗u1RNP抗体阳性组患者的雷诺现象、关节炎、心肌缺血、肺动脉高压的发生率较高,肾损害程度较轻,抗Sm抗体阳性率较高,两组差异有统计学意义,发热、皮疹、口腔溃疡,血液系统损害,ANA、ENA、ds-DNA阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论抗u1RNP抗体与关节炎、雷诺现象,心肌缺血、肺动脉高压及抗Sm抗体高阳性率密切相关。     

系统性红斑狼疮合并肺动脉高压36例临床分析

目的 分析系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)并发肺动脉高压(PAH)的发生率、临床特点及预后影响因素.方法 对312例SLE患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本文合并PAH 36例(11.5%),雷诺现象、抗U1RNP阳性率、SLEDAI评分和肺间质病变与PAH严重程度有关.结论 SLE是自身免疫性疾病中合并PAH的较常见疾病,超声心动图及相关检查有利于早期诊断.     

抗RNP抗体阳性系统性硬化症患者的临床特点

目的 探讨抗RNP抗体阳性系统性硬化症(systemic sclerosis, SSc)患者的临床表现及实验室特征。方法 纳入中国风湿病数据中心2008年8月至2020年6月在北京协和医院注册的SSc患者。根据抗RNP抗体是否阳性进行分组,比较各组间临床表现及实验室检查的差异。结果 686例SSc患者被纳入研究。抗RNP抗体阳性179例(26.1%),阴性507例(73.9%)。与抗RNP抗体阴性患者相比,抗RNP抗体阳性患者弥漫性SSc少见(27.4%vs. 40.2%,P=0.002),男性少见(6.1%vs. 12.0%,P=0.027),发病年龄更早[(40.1±11.7)岁vs.(44.4±12.6)岁,P<0.001]。临床表现,抗RNP抗体阳性SSc患者肺动脉高压(41.7%vs. 17.3%,P<0.001)、雷诺现象(96.1%vs. 91.1%,P=0.031)、手指肿胀(43.0%vs. 26.4%,P<0.001)、关节炎(19.6%vs.12.4%,P=0.019)、肌炎(25.1%vs. 14.8%,P=0.002)更常见,指端溃疡(21....     

系统性硬化症相关性肺动脉高压的临床特点

目的 探讨系统性硬化症（SSc）合并肺动脉高压（PAH）的发病率、临床特点及评估指标.方法 分析本院确诊的18例系统性硬化症合并肺动脉高压的患者临床资料和诊治过程,并以同期确诊的系统性硬化症（未合并肺动脉高压）患者作为对照.结果 两组患者在性别比和年龄上并无统计学差异.但SSc合并PAH组（SSc-PAH）患者在肺动脉收缩压（sPAP）、雷诺现象发生率、肺间质性改变发生率等方面明显高于SSc组.此外,SSc-PAH组患者的RNP抗体阳性率、IgG水平显著高于对照组.结论 雷诺现象、肺间质性改变、RNP抗体、血清IgG水平与SSc患者合并PAH密切相关.这类患者应及早行心超检查,以求早期诊治,改善预后.     

系统性红斑狼疮合并肺动脉高压38例临床分析

目的 分析系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)合并肺动脉高压(PHT)的发病机制、临床特点、治疗及预后.方法 对38例诊断明确、资料完整的SLE合并PHT患者进行回顾性分析.结果 38例患者中出现肺动脉高压距SLE确诊的平均间隔期为2.3年;其中3例为严重PHT;伴明显的心力衰竭;雷诺现象27例;38例患者抗核抗体(ANA)均为阳性,抗dsDNA抗体阳性21例,抗Sm抗体阳性16例,抗SSA、SSB抗体阳性8例,抗磷脂抗体升高4例,类风湿因子(RF)升高13例,抗U1RNP抗体阳性15例;合并肺纤维化者7例.所有患者经激素及免疫抑制剂等治疗后,3例死亡,余35例病情稳定.结论 PHT是SLE的一个严重并发症,预后不良,雷诺现象是其早期的临床表现.早期诊断、早期联合治疗PHT是控制病情的关键.     

结缔组织病并发肺动脉高压110例临床分析

目的：评估结缔组织病并发肺动脉高压的发生率、临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法：1278例结缔组织病患者中110例伴有肺动脉高压,对其进行回顾性分析。结果：结缔组织病合并肺动脉高压的发生率约为8.6%（110/1278）。110例患者中,女性95例,男性15例,年龄11～79岁,平均（46±17）岁;病程0.5～20年,平均（7±6）年。系统性硬化症（SSc）和混合性结缔组织病（MCTD）合并肺动脉高压发生率最高,分别为40.0%和25.0%,显著高于其他结缔组织病（P〈0.01）。有雷诺现象或雷诺现象合并肺间质病变者肺动脉压力显著升高（P〈0.01和P〈0.05）。且雷诺现象与肺动脉压力呈正相关（r=0.531,P〈0.01）。肺功能异常发生率较高,以弥散量降低最为多见。轻度肺动脉高压患者临床表现少,治疗可逆转;重度肺动脉高压治疗反应差,病死率高。结论：结缔组织病合并肺动脉高压较为常见,其中以SSc和MCTD合并肺动脉高压发生率最高。雷诺现象与肺动脉压力呈正相关,是预测肺动脉高压的良好指标。早期诊断和治疗,可以改善患者预后。     

结缔组织病相关肺动脉高压79例临床分析

目的探讨结缔组织病相关肺动脉高压的发生率、临床特点及预后,提高对该病的认识。方法收集2005年1月～2008年8月我科收治的1876例弥漫性结缔组织病（CTD）中合并肺动脉高压的79例患者的临床资料及部分患者的随访资料。结果①混合性结缔组织病（MCTD）与系统性硬化症（SSc）肺动脉高压发生率最高（40．0％,30．2％）;②主要的临床表现为雷诺现象（62．0％）,抗SSA抗体与抗U1RNP抗体阳性率最高（51．9％）;③雷诺征发生率、血尿酸水平在轻、中重度肺动脉高压组间比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,肺动脉收缩压与雷诺征、心包炎、呼吸困难、血尿酸水平呈正相关（P〈0．05）,与关节炎呈负相关（P〈0．05）;④死亡3例,均为系统性红斑狼疮合并重度肺动脉高压者。结论CTD合并肺动脉高压并不少见,雷诺征与血尿酸水平可作为预测肺动脉高压严重程度的指标。     

混合性结缔组织病诊治指南(草案)

混合性结缔组织病(mixed connective tissue disease，MCTD)是一种血清中有极高滴度的斑点型抗核抗体(ANA)和抗U1RNP(nRNP)抗体。临床上有系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、系统性硬化症(SSc)、多发性肌毙伎肌炎(PM／DM)及类风湿关节炎(RA)等疾病特征的临床综合征。该病病因及发病机制尚不明确。MCTD是一种免疫功能紊乱的疾病，如抑制性T细     

混合性结缔组织病诊断及治疗指南

1概述 混合性结缔组织病(mixed connective tissue disease,MCTD)是一种血清中有高滴度的斑点型抗核抗体(ANA)和抗u1RNP(nRNP)抗体,临床上有雷诺现象、双手肿胀、多关节痛或关节炎、肢端硬化、肌炎、食管运动功能障碍、肺动脉高压等特征的临床综合征.     

系统性硬化病并发三叉神经病变五例临床分析并文献复习

目的分析SSc合并三叉神经病变(TN)的临床特点、免疫学异常及预后,提高临床医师对SSc并发TN的认识.方法对2009年1月至2019年7月在北京大学人民医院确诊为SSc合并TN的5例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果本研究5例及文献报道8例患者中,男性2例,女性11例,平均年龄(50±9)岁.TN可早于、同时或在SSc确诊之后出现.以雷诺现象(100%,13/13)、肺部受累(75%,9/12)及食管功能异常(60%,6/10)为主要表现.12例患者行瞬目反射试验,10例阳性.92%(11/12)血清ANA阳性,40%(4/10)抗Scl-70抗体阳性,36%(4/11)抗RNP抗体阳性,43%(3/7)患者ESR升高,57%(4/7)患者血清免疫球蛋白升高.主要采用糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂治疗原发病,神经系统症状逐渐改善,无进展.结论SSc病情活动时出现TN,且易合并雷诺现象、肺部受累及食管功能异常,伴有TN的SSc患者血清ANA、抗Scl-70抗体和抗RNP抗体阳性率高,瞬目反射试验可以辅助SSc检测三叉神经感觉支病变.积极治疗原发病可以控制疾病的进展.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.