血管生成素-1、血管生成素-2及Tie-2表达在乳腺癌血管生成中的作用

血管生成素(Ang)在机体和肿瘤血管生成中发挥着重要的作用,其中Ang-1、Ang-2与它们的共同受体Tie-2与血管生成密切相关.血管生成不仅为肿瘤细胞的生长提供了营养,并为肿瘤的浸润和转移提供了通路.本研究应用免疫组织化学技术检测乳腺癌组织中Ang-1、Ang-2及其受体Tie-2的表达,同时计数癌组织微血管密度(MVD),探讨Ang-1、Ang-2及其受体Tie-2的表达与乳腺癌组织血管生成关系,以期有助于寻找有效抑制乳腺癌血管生成的可能途径.     

血管生成素及其受体Tie-2在肝细胞癌中的研究进展

肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）属于血管过多性肿瘤,血管新生在其进展中起重要作用。血管生成素、Tie-2在HCC血管新生、肿瘤进展中有重要作用,而且其表达水平对于HCC预后和术后生存率有提示作用。本文就血管生成素及其受体Tie-2在HCC中的研究进展作一综述。     

Ang2、HIF-1α及VEGF在肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨促血管生成素2(Ang2)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学S-P法研究52例HCC中Ang2、HIF-1α及VEGF的表达情况,并结合临床病理学资料加以分析.结果 HCC组织中Ang-2、HIF-1α、VEGF的表达与HCC的临床病理特征,如肿瘤大小、包膜完整性、远处转移、门静脉癌栓等相关(P＜0.05),而与癌组织的病理学分级、是否合并肝硬化以及病人的肝功能分级无关(P＞0.05).结论 Ang2、HIF-1α及VEGF的异常表达可能在肝癌发生、发展和肝内转移过程中发挥重要作用.     

骨肉瘤中血管生成素-2与受体Tie-2 mRNA表达及其意义

目的 探讨血管生成素-2（Ang-2）及其受体Tie-2在骨肉瘤血管生成中作用及其对骨肉瘤恶性演进的影响。方法 采用原位杂交和免疫组织化学技术，检测46例骨肉瘤、15例骨软骨瘤、5例正常骨组织中Ang-2、Tie-2mRNA表达及骨肉瘤中VEGF、CD34蛋白表达，计数微血管密度（MVD）；并与骨肉瘤主要病理学参数进行比较。结果 Ang-2、Tie-2mRNA在正常骨组织无表达，少量表达于骨软骨瘤及骨肉瘤瘤旁组织，明显表达于骨肉瘤中（69．6％、73．9％）；Ang-2、Tie-2表达水平与骨肉瘤组织学分级分型无关，转移组显著高于无转移组（P〈0．01）；高MVD组高于低MVD组（P〈0．01），Ang-2与VEGF表达相关，Ang-2与Tie-2表达正相关（r=0．445，P〈0．01）。结论 Ang-2及其受体Tie-2参与了骨肉瘤血管生成调控，与骨肉瘤浸润性生长和转移密切相关。     

反转录-聚合酶链式反应检测促血管生成素-1和促血管生成素-2及Tie-2受体的mRNA在血管瘤组织中的表达及其意义

目的研究血管瘤组织中促血管生成素-1（Ang-1）、促血管生成素-2（Ang-2）及Tie-2受体的mRNA表达水平,探讨其在血管瘤血管生成中的作用与意义。方法用反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）的方法分别检测30例血管瘤组织（增生期血管瘤17例,消退期血管瘤13例）以及10例小儿正常皮肤组织中Ang-1mRNA、Ang-2mRNA及Tie-2mRNA的表达水平。用免疫组织化学方法检测血管瘤组织Ki-67蛋白的表达。结果增生期血管瘤组织中Ang-2mRNA及Tie-2mRNA表达水平高于消退期血管瘤组织（P〈0．01）。血管瘤组织中Ang-1mRNA表达为阴性。结论Ang—Tie-2体系表达失衡在血管瘤的发生发展过程中可能起重要的作用。     

血管内皮生长因子和促血管生成素及其受体Tie2在肝细胞癌发生发展中的作用

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和促血管生成素(Angiopietin)及其受体Tie2在启动肝细胞癌(HCC)血管生成中的调控机制及在HCC发生发展中的作用。方法新鲜HCC标本及癌旁肝组织38例,用实时定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)的方法检测Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie2和VEGF在各组织标本中的表达,以CD34标记新生血管内皮并计数微血管密度(MVD),分析上述因子在HCC组织和非癌肝组织中的表达差异、相互作用及其与MVD、临床病理特征之间的关系。结果Ang-1、Tie2在HCC和非癌肝组织中的表达差异无统计学意义(0．194 7±0．086 2比0．232 6±0．109 8,1．601 6±0．900 7比1．340 0±0．703 7,P均>0．05),而VEGF和Ang-2在HCC组织的表达高于非癌肝组织(1．038 0±0．572 0比0.832 3±0．182 4,0．621 3±0.417 6比0．442 9±0．330 1,P均<0．05);VEGF、Ang-2、Ang-2／1都与MVD和临床病理特征相关(P<0．01),但与组织分化程度无关(P>0．05)。结论Ang-2／1的失衡表达及其与VEGF和Tie2的共同作用是启动肝组织血管生成并诱发HCC发生、发展的重要因素;这种因素在HCC中的持续作用进一步促进了肿瘤血管生成和恶性生物学行为。     

血管生成素及其受体、血管内皮生长因子与糖尿病肾脏微血管病变的关系

目的 探讨血管生成素(Ang)及其受体(Tie-2)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在糖尿病肾脏中的表达变化规律，研究其与肾脏微血管结构变化的关系。 方法 将雄性成年SD大鼠分成糖尿病组和对照组，糖尿病组采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射造模。采用RT-PCR以及免疫组化技术，连续多时点观察肾脏Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie-2、VEGF以及血栓调节蛋白(TM-1) mRNA和蛋白表达变化规律，并分析其相关性。 结果 (1)糖尿病组Ang-1 mRNA于第4、8周时显著上调(吸光度A，83.58±10.23、88.59±6.97)， 第24周时低于对照组 (47.13±8.02比64.53±8.77，P < 0.05)。免疫组化显示Ang-1突出表达于肾小球，糖尿病组第4周后肾小球阳性染色明显强于对照组(A对数值，4周1.64±0.12比1.08±0.16，24周1.24±0.11比1.11±0.17)。(2) 糖尿病组Tie-2 mRNA在4~16周显著高于对照组(A，4周87.31±11.69比63.62±5.61，16周81.75±8.58比60.15±2.66)。免疫组化显示Tie-2突出表达于肾小球，糖尿病组各时点均显著高于对照组，高峰在4~8周。(3)糖尿病组仅在第16和20周时检测到明显的Ang-2 mRNA表达。免疫组化显示12周后仅在皮质区肾小管周围有Ang-2染色的微血管，而在第16周时最明显。(4) 糖尿病组2~20周时肾小球TM-1染色显著高于对照组(A对数值，2周0.99±0.15比0.68±0.17，20周1.03±0.17比0.74±0.13)， 第24周时低于对照组，但差异无统计学意义。(5)糖尿病组VEGF mRNA和蛋白表达均较对照组明显升高。(6) 糖尿病组Ang-1、Tie-2、VEGF和TM-1相互间均呈正相关，它们与尿蛋白、肾重/体重、肾小球体积、肾小球面积也均呈正相关。结论 (1)糖尿病肾脏存在VEGF、Ang及Tie-2表达的改变，早期Ang-1、Tie-2表达上调， 后期下调并伴Ang-2表达上调。(2)Ang、Tie及VEGF的改变与糖尿病肾脏新生血管生成有关，其Ang-1下调和VEGF、Ang-2上调起重要作用。(3)糖尿病肾脏中后期皮质区肾小管周围已有Ang-2染色的新生微血管生成。     

人脑胶质瘤血管生成素-2表达及其与管生成和脑水肿的关系

目的 研究血管生成素.2(Ang-2)基因在人脑胶质瘤表达及其与胶质瘤血管生成及瘤周水肿的关系。方法 用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、免疫组织化学方法测定42例人脑胶质瘤和8例正常脑组织中Ang-2 mRNA及其蛋白表达情况。用免疫组织化学方法检测肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)。结果 正常脑组织中无或弱表达Ang-2。42例胶质瘤组织中均有Ang-2 mRNA表达,不同级别间Ang-2 mRNA的表达差异有显著性(P<0.05)。随着脑胶质瘤恶性程度的增加,Ang-2 mRNA的表达增高(r=0.894,P<0.01)。免疫组织化学结果显示,胶质瘤细胞及肿瘤血管内皮细胞中均有Ang-2蛋白表达。Ang-2 mRNA表达与MVD、脑水肿指数(EI)显著相关(分别为r=0.853,P<0.01;r=0.784,P<0.01)。结论 Ang-2可能参与胶质瘤血管生成,对胶质瘤瘤周脑水肿及恶性进展有促进作用。     

促血管生成素家族在大肠腺癌中的表达及与微血管密度和临床病理特征的关系

目的 探讨促血管生成素-1（Ang-1）、促血管生成素-2（Ang-2）、促血管生成素受体（Tie-2）及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在大肠腺癌及癌旁正常组织中的表达，及与微血管密度（MVD）和临床病理特征的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie-2及VEGF在45例大肠腺癌及10例癌旁正常组织中的表达。结果 大肠腺癌组织中的Ang-2蛋白及VEGF蛋白明显高于癌旁正常组织（P〈0．01），腺癌的分化程度越低，Ang-2及VEGF蛋白的表达率越高（P〈0．05），Ang-2与VEGF蛋白的表达存在明显正相关性（r=0．997，P〈0．01）；大肠腺癌组织中的Ang-1蛋白明显低于癌旁正常组织（P〈0．01），腺癌的分化程度越高，Ang-1蛋白的表达率越高（P〈0．05）；Tie-2蛋白在大肠腺癌和癌旁正常组织中的表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。大肠腺癌的分化程度越低，MVD越高（P〈0．05），腺癌组织中Ang-1蛋白阳性表达组MVD明显低于阴性表达组（P〈0．01），Ang-2蛋白阳性表达组MVD明显高于阴性表达组（P〈0．01）。≥5cm及有淋巴结转移的大肠腺癌组织中，Ang-2蛋白的表达明显增加（x^2=8．889，P〈0．01；x^2=10．020，P〈0．01）。结论 在大肠腺癌组织中，相对Ang-1占优势的Ang-2的过度表达，可能在肿瘤的血管生成和进展过程中起着重要作用。     

Survivin和血管内皮生长因子在肝细胞癌中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系

我们采用免疫组织化学方法检测survivin、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和微血管密度(MVD)在肝细胞癌(HCC)、癌旁组织以及正常肝组织中的表达，探讨survivin、VEGF的表达与HCC的临床病理特征、新生血管形成的关系。     

Peritoneal morphologic changes in a peritoneal dialysis rat model correlate with angiopoietin/Tie-2

The angiopoietin/Tie-2 system plays an important role in the initiation of angiogenesis. However, the role of angiopoietin/Tie-2 in peritoneal angiogenesis and fibrosis is unclear. In our study we investigated the peritoneal morphologic changes in a uremic peritoneal dialysis (PD) rat model, focusing on the relationship between angiopoietin/Tie-2 and peritoneal angiogenesis. We subjected uremic (subtotal nephrectomy) rats to dialysis, using a standard PD solution, for 10 days, 28 days, or 56 days, and compared them with uremic rats that had not undergone dialysis and control rats. Functional [dialysate-to-plasma (D/P) creatinine; ultrafiltration (UF)] and structural (vessel density and thickness of the submesothelial extracellular matrix) changes of the peritoneum were quantified. Levels of angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, Tie-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were examined in the peritoneum by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and related to angiogenesis. The uremic group that had not undergone dialysis was characterized by increased vessel density in the peritoneum compared with that of the control, which correlated with decreased UF and increased D/P creatinine. Progressive angiogenesis and fibrosis were found in the PD groups when compared with the uremic non-dialyzed or control group, accompanied by an increased D/P creatinine that occurred in the PD group after 56 days, while UF decreased. Furthermore, Ang-2 and VEGF levels increased, while Tie-2 level decreased significantly in the uremic non-dialyzed group compare with the control. This tendency was more obvious in the PD groups than in the uremic non-dialyzed or control group, but no difference was found among the PD groups. Both VEGF and Ang-2 correlated positively with vessel density, while Tie-2 correlated negatively. We confirmed angiogenesis and fibrosis changes of the peritoneum as a result of uremic status and PD therapy in the uremic PD rat model. An increased level of Ang-2 and a reduced level of Tie-2 in conditions of uremia and PD therapy correlated with peritoneal angiogenesis and functional deterioration.     

Tacrolimus (FK506) inhibits interleukin-1β-induced angiopoietin-1, Tie-2 receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor through down-regulation of JNK and p38 pathway in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes

ObjectThis study aimed to identify the regulatory effect of tacrolimus on the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced expressions of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Tie-2 receptor (Tie-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and to determine the regulatory mechanism in the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway.MethodsIL-1β-induced Ang-1, Tie-2, and VEGF expressions with and without tacrolimus were measured in cultured FLS using real time–polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of tacrolimus on the regulation of Ang-1, Tie-2 and VEGF expressions through the MAPK signaling pathway was identified by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsIL-1β appeared to induce marked expressions of Ang-1, Tie-2, and VEGF in cultured FLS. Tacrolimus significantly inhibited Ang-1, Tie-2, and VEGF mRNA and protein in cultured FLS treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β. In addition, expressions of these angiogenic molecules were shown to involve all three of the studied MAPK signaling pathways, including ERK, JNK, and p38. However, the inhibitory effects of tacrolimus on Ang-1, Tie-2, and VEGF proteins were regulated by blocking the phosphorylations of JNK and p38 MAPK, but not that of ERK.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that tacrolimus inhibits the expressions of Ang-1, Tie-2, and VEGF by blocking the activations of the IL-1β-mediated JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in human FLS. This suggests that tacrolimus contributes to the suppression of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of RA.     

Renal Microvascular Injury in Chronic Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy and Protective Effects of Cozaar

Background: To investigate the renal microvascular injury in chronic aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and the protective effects of Cozaar. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups. Rats in the model group received Caulis Aristolochiae manshuriensis (CAM) decoction by gavage (10 mL/kg/day); those in the Cozaar group were gavaged with CAM and Cozaar (33.3 mg/kg/day); and those in the control group only received an equal daily volume of saline solution by gavage. Kidney tissues were observed under a light and electron microscope. CD34, caspase-3, and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) were determined by immunohistochemistry, and expressions of angiopoietin (Ang) 1 and 2, Tie-2, BMP-7, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA were monitored via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: (1) The kidney tissue injury in the chronic AAN model group was apparent, compared to the normal structure in the normal control group, and the Cozaar group showed relieved injury. (2) The expression of caspase-3 in the model group was elevated, while expressions of BMP-7 and CD34 were decreased (p < 0.05). Cozaar lessened caspase-3 expression (p < 0.05) and promoted BMP-7 and CD34 expressions (p < 0.05). (3) Real-time PCR demonstrated a downregulation of Ang-1, Tie-2, BMP-7, and VEGF mRNA (p < 0.05) and an upregulation of Ang-2 mRNA (p < 0.01) in the renocortex, while Cozaar upregulated the expression of Ang-1, Tie-2, BMP-7, and VEGF mRNA (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Renal microvascular injury was observed in chronic AAN, which was hypothetically correlated with a lack in the expressions of Ang-1, BMP-7, Tie-2, and VEGF and an excess in caspase-3 and Ang-2. Cozaar can significantly ameliorate the renal microvascular injury and protect renal function.     

Expression of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiopoietins in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Salivary Gland

Disrupted coordination of angiogenesis regulating signals, among them the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins (Angs), has been associated with abnormal angiogenesis and tumor progression. While VEGF induces endothelial cell proliferation, thereby initiating vessel formation, Angs are subsequently required for mural cell attachment, thus influencing remodeling and maturation of this vasculature. In addition to tumor cell, endothelial and mural cells, as well as myofibroblasts may also contribute to the secretion of these factors. In this study, we have analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression of VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2 and the Angs receptor Tie2 in both the stroma and tumor cells of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of salivary gland. We have demonstrated that when myofibroblasts were detected adjacent to the cancer cells, they were frequently associated with intense positive staining for Ang-1 and Ang-2, and no reactivity to VEGF and Tie2. These myofibroblast-rich Ang-1 and Ang-2-stained areas were more commonly found in high-grade MEC cases than in low-grade ones. As for the malignant cells, they frequently expressed all proteins studied, but Ang-2 and VEGF were detected at higher levels compared to Ang-1 and Tie2. Our results indicate that the MEC environment favors cooperative activity between Angs and VEGF in modulating vascular growth and tumor aggressiveness.     

促血管生成素在肝癌组织中的表达与肝癌新生血管形成及转移的关系

目的　观察促血管生成素 (angiopoietin)在肝细胞癌组织中的表达 ,探讨其临床意义。方法　采用原位分子杂交和免疫组织化学染色方法检测两种促血管生成素Angiopoietin 1(Ang 1)、Angiopoietin 2 (Ang 2 )以及血管平滑肌激动蛋白 (α smoothmuscleactin ,α SMA)在正常肝脏组织和肝细胞癌组织中的表达。结果　Ang 1mRNA在正常肝脏和肝癌组织中都有表达 ,肝癌组织和癌旁组织 (5 6± 6 /HP)以及正常肝脏 (6 7± 11/HP)之间差异没有显著意义 (t=3 2 14 ,P =0 12 6 )。Ang 2mRNA在正常肝脏不表达 ,肝癌组织中阳性表达 (阳性细胞数为 32± 8/HP)。Ang 2集中于癌灶边缘、血管周围。肝癌组织中微血管密度 (15± 2 /HP)和新生血管的数量 (9± 3/HP)明显高于正常肝脏(分别为 5± 1/HP和阴性 ) ,Ang 2的表达随肝癌组织的病理学分级、有无转移以及新生血管数和微血管密度而增加 (t=2 714 ,P =0 0 31)。结论　促血管生成素在肝癌的新生血管形成和转移过程中可能起到一定作用。Ang 2可能参与了肝癌的新生血管形成。     

四种中药复方对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏组织中Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie-2和VEGF mRNA表达影响

目的：观察四种中药复方对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的肾脏血管生成素、Tie-2和VEGF表达的影响。方法：取链脲霉素诱导SD大鼠DN模型72只,分为模型对照组、益气养阴方组、滋补肝肾方组、补气养血方组、温肾健脾方组和阳性对照组,每组12只;另取12只大鼠为正常对照组。连续经口灌胃给药8周后,收集尿液测定U-TP、U-GLU和U-β2微球蛋白生化指标,用RT-PCR测定肾脏组织中Tie-2、VEGF mRNA的表达。结果：益气养阴方、滋补肝肾方、补气养血方、温肾健脾方均能显著降低Ang-1mRNA表达（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;益气养阴方组大鼠肾脏Ang-2和Tie2 mRNA表达显著降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;给予补气养血方和温肾健脾方后,大鼠的肾脏Ang-2 mRNA表达显著降低（P〈0.01）。结论：四种中药复方均能有效降低Ang-1、Ang-2和VEGF mRNA的表达;参芪地黄汤还可降低Tie-2 mRNA的表达,表明四种复方可通过抑制血管重建作用而治疗大鼠糖尿病肾病,其中参芪地黄汤效果较佳。