广东汉族人儿童白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因多态性

目的了解广东汉族人白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因的分布特点.方法应用聚合酶链反应技术对156例正常人白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因进行扩增并进行图谱分析.并进行了不同种族间的分析比较.结果广东汉族人群中IL-1ra基因表型频率:IL1RN1/1 0.8205,IL1RN1/2 0.1731,IL1RN1/3 0.0064,IL-1ra等位基因频率:IL1RN*1 0.9103,IL1RN*2 0.0865,IL1RN*3 0.0032.结论白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因多态性在不同种族间分布存在着明显的差异.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因多态性分析

目的 :探讨白细胞介素 1受体拮抗剂 (IL 1ra)基因多态性与慢性乙型肝炎的关系。方法 :应用聚合酶链反应技术对 199例慢性乙型肝炎患者和 2 49例正常人的白细胞介素 1受体拮抗剂基因 (IL 1RN)数目可变的串联重复多态性进行分析。结果 :IL 1ra基因的 5种不同组合等位基因 ,本研究只发现Ⅰ /Ⅰ、Ⅰ /Ⅱ、Ⅱ /Ⅱ和Ⅰ /Ⅳ 4种基因型 ,其中IL 1RNI等位基因频率在慢性乙型肝炎患者和正常人分别为 94.5 %和 90 .4% ,IL 1RNⅡ等位基因频率分别为 4.8%和 8.8%。慢性乙型肝炎患者和正常人IL 1RNⅠ /Ⅰ、Ⅰ /Ⅱ、Ⅱ /Ⅱ和Ⅰ /Ⅳ 4种基因型频率分别为 89.5 %和 81.1% ,8.5 %和 16.9% ,0 .5 %和 0 .4% ,1.5 %和 1.6%。慢性乙型肝炎组IL 1RNⅠ /Ⅱ基因型和IL 1RNⅡ等位基因频率明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :IL 1RNⅡ等位基因影响慢性乙型肝炎易感性 ,但与慢性乙型肝炎HBVDNA复制无关     

广东汉族人儿童白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因多态性

目的 了解广东汉族人白细胞介素-l受体拮抗剂基因的分布特点．方法 应用聚合酶链反应技术对156例正常人白细胞介素-l受体拮抗剂基因进行扩增并进行图谱分析．并进行了不同种族间的分析比较．结果 广东汉族人群中IL-1ra基因表型频率：ILlRN1／l0．8205，ILlRN1/20．173l，ILlRN1／30．0064，IL-lra等位基因频率：ILlRN*l0．9103，ILlRN*20．0865，ILlRN*30．0032．结论 白细胞介素-l受体拮抗剂基因多态性在不同种族间分布存在着明显的差异．     

慢性乙型肝炎患者白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂IL-1ra基因多态性

目的探讨白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂内含子2可变串联重复序列基因多态性与慢性乙型肝炎相关性.方法利用聚合酶链式反应技术对56例慢性乙型肝炎及100例正常对照者的白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因进行扩增.结果慢性乙型肝炎患者IL-1ra基因频率:IL1RN1/1 0.8214,IL1RN1/2 0.1607,IL1RN1/4 0.0179,IL-1ra等位基因频率:IL1RN*1 0.9107,IL1RN*2 0.0804,IL1RN*4 0.0089,与正常对照组无明显差异(p>0.05).结论慢性乙型肝炎患者IL-1ra基因多态性的分布与正常人无明显差异.     

白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因多态性与变态性鼻炎相关性探讨

目的　探讨白细胞介素 - 1受体拮抗剂 (IL -lra)基因多态性与变态性鼻炎相关性 .方法　利用聚合酶链式反应技术对 6 9例变态性鼻炎患者及 15 6例正常对照者的IL -lra基因进行扩增 .结果　变态性鼻炎患者IL - 1ra基因频率 :IL1RN1/ 10 .8116 ,IL1RN1/ 2 0 .1739,IL1RN1/ 30 .0 14 5 ,IL - 1ra等位基因频率 :,IL1RN 10 .90 5 8,IL1RN 20 .0 86 9,IL1RN 30 .0 0 72 ,与对照组无差异 (p >0 .0 5 ) .结论　IL - 1ra基因多态性的分布与变态性鼻炎无明显相关性     

用包涵体复性的方法制备重组人白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂

通过大肠杆菌将IL-1ra表达成包涵体,将包涵体用8M尿素溶解后,稀释4倍后直接用离子交换柱层析进行复性和纯化,复性后得到的IL-1ra纯度大于95%,生物活性大于1×105IU/mg,内毒素含量也比较低。Western-Blotting印迹也表明重组蛋白具有IL-1ra的抗原活性。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂IL-1ra基因多态性

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂内含子2可变串联重复序列基因多态性与慢性乙型肝炎相关性．方法 利用聚合酶链式反应技术对56例慢性乙型肝炎及100例正常对照者的白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因进行扩增．结果 慢性乙型肝炎患者IL-1ra基因频率：IL1RN1／10．8214，IL1RN1／20．1607，IL1RN1／40．0179，IL-1ra等位基因频率：IL1RN ＊ 10．9107，IL1RN ＊ 20．0804，IL1RN ＊ 40．0089，与正常对照组无明显差异（p〉0．05）．结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者IL-1ra基因多态性的分布与正常人无明显差异．     

白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因多态性与变态性鼻炎相关性探讨

目的探讨白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-lra)基因多态性与变态性鼻炎相关性.方法利用聚合酶链式反应技术对69例变态性鼻炎患者及156例正常对照者的IL-lra基因进行扩增.结果变态性鼻炎患者IL-1ra基因频率:IL1RN1/1 0.8116,IL1RN1/2 0.1739,IL1RN1/3 0.0145,IL-1ra等位基因频率:,IL1RN*1 0.9058,IL1RN*2 0.0869,IL1RN*3 0.0072,与对照组无差异(p>0.05).结论 IL-1ra基因多态性的分布与变态性鼻炎无明显相关性.     

白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂内含子2可变串联重复序列基因多态性与冠心病

目的探讨白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂内含子2可变串联重复序列基因多态性与冠心病相关性.方法利用聚合酶链式反应技术对86例冠心病及100例正常对照者的白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因进行扩增.结果冠心病患者IL-1ra基因频率:IL1RN1/1 0.8256,IL1RN1/2 0.1628,IL1RN1/3 0.0116,IL-1ra等位基因频率:IL1RN*1 0.9127,IL1RN*2 0.0814 ,IL1RN*3 0.0059 ,与对照组无差异(p>0.05).结论冠心病患者IL-1ra基因多态性的分布与正常人无明显相关性.     

Immunohistochemical staining of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 receptor antagonist but not IL-1 beta in cultures of sertoli cells

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) system has been suggested to be involved in the cell cell cross talk within the testis. To identify a testicular cell source of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), immature mouse Sertoli cells were isolated, purified, cultured and examined for the cellular compartment localization of these cytokines by immunohistochemical staining. Our results show that both Germ cells and Sertoli cells in unpurified Sertoli cell cultures (before hypotonic shock) and purified culture of Sertoli cells (after hypotonic shock) were stained for IL-1 alpha. The levels of this cytokine were increased in Sertoli cells when the purified cultures were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 microg/mL). However, we could not identify a positive staining for IL-1 beta when Sertoli cell cultures were stained for this cytokine, even after stimulation with various concentrations of LPS (0.1-10 microg/mL). On the other hand, immunohistochemical staining of isolated Sertoli cells without treatment with hypotonic shock (cultures containing Sertoli cells and Germ cells) for IL-1ra showed constitutive positive staining of both cell types (Sertoli cells and Germ cells). Our results, using immunohistochemical staining, may indicate the different expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1ra in Sertoli cells. These results may suggest the involvement of IL-1 system in the autocrine and paracrine regulation of testicular cell functions.     

Pemphigus vulgaris: the role of IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in pathogenesis and effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on their production

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is increasingly being used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In the present report, the role of IVIG on in vivo and in vitro production of IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (Ra) was studied in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Serum samples from 20 untreated patients with active PV prior to initiation of systemic therapy, 20 patients receiving IVIG treatment, 20 patients in clinical remission after conventional therapy, and 20 normal human controls were studied to determine the serum levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1Ra. The in vitro production of these cytokines was measured in the culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 10 PV patients immediately before and after IVIG therapy and from age and sex-matched 10 healthy donors simultaneously. Elevated levels of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta were detected (i) in the serum of untreated PV patients with active disease prior to systemic therapy and (ii) before IVIG infusions in patients receiving IVIG therapy. These increased levels are statistically significant when compared to the levels in healthy controls (P < 0.01). A marked reduction of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta was detected (i) in the serum of patients in prolonged clinical remission and (ii) immediately after IVIG infusion in those patients on IVIG therapy. Increased level of IL-1Ra was detected in PV patients in prolonged clinical remission and after IVIG infusion in those receiving IVIG therapy. These differences were statistically significant when compared to the levels in normal controls and to the levels in the sera of patients with active disease (P < 0.01) or just before the beginning of IVIG infusion (P < 0.01). Similar differences in the levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1Ra were found in the culture supernatant of PBMC isolated from the PV patients pre and post IVIG therapy. These observations suggests that, compared to normal controls, patients with active PV have reversed levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1Ra. IVIG therapy may down-regulate production of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta and enhance production of IL-1Ra, in vivo and in vitro. This might be one of the important mechanisms by which IVIG produces its early therapeutic effects in pemphigus vulgaris.     

Modulation of the IL-1 cytokine network in keratinocytes by intracellular IL-1 alpha and IL-1 receptor antagonist.

The IL-1 cytokine network in epidermal cells was studied in vitro, using the spontaneously transformed HaCAT human keratinocyte line. Intracellular (ic) IL-1 alpha and IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) following cell lysis were readily identified assayed using a capture ELISA; whereas in culture supernatants IL-1Ra was not detected, and IL-1 alpha was present at only very low levels. Confluent cultures of HaCAT cells were shown to provide optimal conditions for the study, since confluence increased the icIL-1Ra:IL-1 alpha ratio to a level as seen in vivo, which was independent of Ca2+ concentration in the culture medium. The IL-1Ra extracted from HaCAT cell lysates was functionally active, as demonstrated in the mouse thymocyte co-proliferation assay which could be blocked using a rabbit anti-IL-1Ra antibody. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) stimulated a dose-dependent increase in HaCAT cell IL-1 alpha without changing IL-1Ra concentration, with a resultant reduction in the icIL-1Ra: IL-1 alpha ratio from 320:1 to 100:1. Similarly, TGF-alpha, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) substantially increased HaCAT cell IL-1 alpha, but had no effect on the IL-1Ra, with a concomitant reduction in the icIL-1Ra:IL-1 alpha ratio. In contrast to their effects on monocytes, IL-4 and IL-10 at biologically active levels had no effect on IL-1 alpha, IL-1Ra or the icIL-1Ra: IL-1 alpha ratio in confluent HaCAT cells. Hydrocortisone reduced IL-1 alpha to below the limit of sensitivity of the ELISA, and induced a small increase in IL-1Ra of questionable biological significance. Thus, regulation of the IL-1 cytokine network in keratinocytes involves modulation of icIL-1 alpha rather than of icIL-1Ra levels, and is markedly different from that noted in monocytes.     

Differential binding of human interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist to natural and recombinant soluble and cellular IL-1 type I receptors

A recently described factor, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist binding factor (IL-IraBF), in serum of normal individuals is immunologically related to the interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI). It is presumably a soluble form of the receptor that binds exclusively to interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Recombinant soluble human IL-1RI expressed in COS cells (sIL-1RI) consists of the extracellular part of the receptor and binds all three known IL-1 species but preferentially to IL-1ra. We further characterized the sizes and binding of IL-1raBF and sIL-1RI to IL-1ra by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate, ligand binding interference analyses, N-glycosidase treatment, concanavalin A affinity chromatography, and with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to human recombinant IL-1ra. We also evaluated the binding of IL-1ra to cellular IL-1RI on MRC5 fibroblasts and the interference afforded by the soluble receptors. The results show that the protein backbones of IL-1raBF and sIL-1RI are of similar size (≈ 35–40 kDa) and that there are differences in the glycosylation of the two molecules. These carbohydrates were necessary for optimal binding of both molecules to IL-1ra. Both factors blocked binding of IL-1ra to cellular IL-1RI, as did mAb to IL-1ra, but the sites on IL-1ra which bound to the mAb, and to IL-1raBF and sIL-1RI, differed. We conclude that there are important differences between the natural and recombinant forms of soluble IL-1RI and that IL-1ra binds differently to these molecules and to cellular IL-1RI.     

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN) polymorphism is a predictive factor of clinical pregnancy after IVF

BACKGROUND: Only 25% of IVF transfer cycles lead to a clinical pregnancy, calling for continued technical progress but also more in depth analysis of patients' individual characteristics. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) system and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are strongly implicated in embryo implantation. The genes coding for IL-1Ra (gene symbol IL-1RN), IL-1beta, MMP2 and MMP9 bear functional polymorphisms. We analysed the maternal genetic profile at these polymorphic sites in IVF patients, to determine possible correlations with IVF outcome. METHODS: One hundred and sixty women undergoing an IVF cycle were enrolled and a buccal smear was obtained. The presence of IL-1RN variable number of tandem repeats and IL-1B + 3953, MMP2-1306 and MMP9-1562 single nucleotide substitutions were determined. Patients were divided into pregnancy failures (119), biochemical pregnancies (8) and clinical pregnancies (33). RESULTS: There was a 40% decrease in IL-1RN*2 allele frequency (P = 0.024) and a 45% decrease in IL-1RN*2 carrier status in the clinical pregnancy group as compared to the pregnancy failure group (P = 0.017). This decrease was still statistically significant after a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The likelihood of a clinical pregnancy was decreased accordingly in IL-1RN*2 carriers: odds ratio = 0.349, 95% confidence interval = 0.2-0.8, P = 0.017. The IL-1B, MMP2 and MMP9 polymorphisms showed no correlation with IVF outcome. CONCLUSIONS: IL-1RN*2 allele carriage is associated with a poor prognosis of achieving a pregnancy after IVF.     

Development of a cell-based qualitative assay for detection of neutralizing anti-human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (hIL-1Ra) antibodies in rats

Abstract

To determine the incidence of the positive neutralizing anti-human interleukin receptor antagonist (anti-IL-1Ra), a novel assay based on the proliferation of human melanoma A375.S2 cells was developed and validated. In the presence of a growth-limiting concentration of IL-1β, A375.S2 cells were able to regain proliferation following the addition of IL-1Ra in a concentration-dependent manner. This dose-response effect enabled the validation of a standard curve for calculation of the concentration of IL-1Ra or, inversely, the concentration of neutralizing anti-IL-1Ra antibodies in cell culture medium or sera. The assay used CCK-8 as an indicator of proliferation. The dose-response relationship between rhIL-1Ra (dose range of 5–75?ng/ml rhIL-1Ra) and A375.S2 cell proliferation was sigmoidal and fitted a four-parameter logistic model. The percent coefficients of variation (%CVs) of quality control samples were 12.5 and 11.9% for intra-assay repeatability and 14.5 and 19.5% for inter-assay repeatability, while the total accuracy was in the range of 97.2–103.6%. For the neutralization assay, the optimal sample dilution factor was found to be 40-fold and the reasonable standard for positive and negative decision was calculated to be 59.4% neutralization rate. The %CVs of quality control samples were 12.7 and 24.0% for intra-assay repeatability and 11.6 and 30.0% for inter-assay repeatability. Analysis using the assay showed that rats could produce neutralizing anti-IL-1Ra antibodies after repeated intramuscular injection with rhIL-1Ra, and this response was not significantly dependent on the dose injected.     

Association of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism and susceptibility to human brucellosis

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the polymorphism within the intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1Ra) on the susceptibility to or development of brucellosis. A total of 255 patients with brucellosis and 162 healthy volunteers were genotyped for polymorphisms in intron 2 of the IL-1Ra gene. The frequency of allele 2 of the IL-1Ra gene was significantly higher in patients with brucellosis compared with the controls (24.5% vs 18.5%, P = 0.03). Although the heterozygosity was more prevalent in patients than in control individuals, it did not have any statistical significance (P = 0.1). Alleles 3, 4, and 5 were absent in our study population. This work is the first that verifies a significant association between genetic polymorphism of IL-1Ra and susceptibility to brucellosis.     

Characterization of IL-1 inhibitory factor released from human alveolar macrophages as IL-1 receptor antagonist.

IL-1 possesses pleiotropic properties on various cells and its activity may be stringently regulated in several ways. We have previously reported that both IL-1 and its inhibitory factor are concomitantly released from alveolar macrophages in both healthy subjects and patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases. An increase in IL-1 activities and a decrease in inhibitory activities are characteristics found in both healthy smokers and patients with interstitial lung diseases. In this study, we further examined the biological properties of IL-1 inhibitory factor. The inhibitor exhibited a dose-dependent specific inhibition of an augmentation by IL-1 of PHA-induced murine thymocyte proliferation, while no inhibition of the augmentation by IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) was found. 125I-labelled IL-1 alpha binding on PHA-stimulated murine thymocytes revealed two types of IL-1 binding sites, 44 sites/cell with a Kd of 2.7 x 10(-10) M and 230 sites/cell with a Kd of 2.5 x 10(-9) M. Alveolar macrophage culture supernatants blocked the binding of labelled IL-1 to the IL-1 receptor in a dose-dependent fashion. Scatchard plot analysis revealed that the inhibitory factor in the supernatants blocked the binding competitively. These results indicate that alveolar macrophages produce a specific IL-1 inhibitory factor, functioning as an IL-1 receptor antagonist.     

The IL-1 system in HIV infection: peripheral concentrations of IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble IL-1 receptor type II

The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is thought to be involved in ongoing HIV disease. Furthermore, its naturally occurring inhibitors soluble IL-1 receptor type II (sIL-1RII) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) may play a pivotal role in regulating its biological action. To investigate the involvement of the IL-1 system we determined serum levels of IL-1β, IL-1Ra and sIL-1RII in 90 HIV⁺ patients. The obtained values were compared with markers of disease progression such as CD⁺ count, 5′-neopterin, β₂-microglobulin and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-R) p55 and p75 and then compared with C-reactive protein (CRP), granulocyte count, lL-6 and TNF-α. While IL-1Ra concentrations increased significantly with progressive CDC disease stages, sIL-1RII and IL-1β were not altered in our cohort. IL-1Ra showed statistical relation to decreasing CD4⁺ lymphocytes and increasing 5′-neopterin, β₂-microglobulin, sTNF-R p55, sTNF-R p75. Furthermore, IL-1Ra correlated positively with serum IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and granulocytes. In contrast, sIL-1RII and IL-1β tended to show an inverse correlation or showed no significant relationship to all these parameters. Il-1β was measurable only in a limited number of samples. IL-1Ra showed a clear relationship to acute inflammatory events as well as to the different disease stages. Our data suggest a dissociation between IL-1Ra and sIL-1RII serum levels which may indicate that the two IL-1 binding proteins have different pathophysiological roles in HIV infection.