臭氧对口腔科诊室空气消毒效果的研究

目的 观察臭氧对口腔科诊室空气常见致病菌的杀菌效果。方法 用碘滴定法测定打开臭氧发生器不同机组及不同时间时的臭氧浓度,按平板自然沉降法采集细菌,根据细菌集落数,计算出空气中的细菌数量,并计算杀菌率,确定细菌的种类。所得数据采用SAS6.12软件包进行卡方检验。结果 ①随着打开臭氧发生器组数的增加和时间的延长,诊室内臭氧浓度逐步升高,最低为240mg/m3,最高可达2736mg/m3;②臭氧的灭菌率普遍高于紫外线;③浓度为2736mg/m3的臭氧作用45min对变链菌的杀菌率最高为100%。结论 臭氧灭菌效果高于紫外线,可作为口腔科诊室的常规消毒方法。     

臭氧水对根管感染细菌的体外抑制研究

目的：比较臭氧水与2%氯亚明、3%双氧水对感染根管细菌的杀菌效果。方法采用定量悬液法,分别将臭氧水、2%氯亚明、3%双氧水3种冲洗剂作用于牙龈卟啉单胞菌( Porphyromonas gingivalis,P． g)、具核梭杆菌( Fusobacterium nucleatum, F． n )、牙髓卟啉单胞菌( Porphyromonas endodontalis, P． e )、粪肠球菌( Enterococcus faecalis,E． f),作用时间分为15s、30s和60s 3组,分别计算杀菌率,采用SPSSl7．0统计软件分析,比较3种冲洗剂在不同作用时间下对4种感染根管细菌杀菌率的差异。结果3．69 mol/L臭氧水对P． g、F． n、P． e、E． f作用15s时,杀菌率为99．89%、99．94%、99．67%、99．91%;作用30s时,杀菌率为99．96%、99．94%、100%、99．93%;作用60s时,杀菌率分别为99．91%、99．95%、99．99%、99．93%;杀菌率无显著差异( P>0．05),且与2%CR、3%H2 O2比较,杀菌率无统计学差异(P>0．05))。结论3．69mol/L臭氧水与常用根管消毒剂2%氯亚明和3%双氧水均具有显著的杀菌效果,用于根管消毒有一定的临床应用价值和可行性。     

臭氧老化作用对SY-1硅橡胶机械性能的影响

目的：评估臭氧老化作用对SY－1硅橡胶物理性能，机械性能的影响，方法：按国家标准要求对SY－1硅橡胶臭氧化前后硬度（邵氏－A），扯断强度，扯断伸长率和撕裂强度进行测试，并进行统计学分析。结果：经臭氧化老化作用处理，硬度差异显著（P＝0．0082），扯断强度，扯断伸长率，永久变形和撕裂强度老化前后无显著差异（P＞0．05）。结论：SY－1硅橡胶物理机械性能优良，同时具有良好的抗臭氧老化性能。     

臭氧水对伴放线放线杆菌的灭活效果观察

目的探讨臭氧水对牙周可疑致病菌伴放线放线杆菌（Aa）的灭活效果。方法采用悬液定量杀菌方法和和化学方法在实验室进行观察。用4、8、15mg／L的臭氧水分别对悬液中A。作用1、2、3min。结果当臭氧水浓度为4mg／L对悬液中An没有杀灭作用。当臭氧水浓度为8mg儿时,对悬液中An作用1min,杀灭率为57％,当浓度上升至15mg／L时,对悬液中Aa作用1min．杀灭率上升至98％．而延长杀菌时间至3min．杀菌率维持在97％～99％。结论在25℃的室温条件下．臭氧水浓度达到15mg／L．臭氧水温控制在15℃～18℃时对悬液中Aa有快速、有效的杀灭作用。     

低频超声对细菌生物膜作用的研究进展

生物膜可引起多种微生物感染性疾病,已成为近期研究的热点问题。它可帮助细菌逃避宿主免疫反应,降低周围微环境变化对膜的影响,如阻止抗生素进入、形成耐药等群体反应行为,成为临床治疗的难点问题。而超声用于抗菌研究已有数十年历史,2015年在欧洲临床微生物学和传染病学年会上也提出超声联合抗生素可能有效治疗生物膜感染,多项研究和临床应用表明超声作用微创、便捷,效果显著,可作为临床有效抗菌治疗方法,但其参数不同效果有所差异。本文将对低频超声作用于细菌生物膜的效果及机制进行综合阐述。     

臭氧在龋病治疗中的作用

臭氧是一种广谱、高效的杀菌剂，氧化作用极强，反应速度快，能杀灭各种口腔内致病细菌，并且氧化与致龋相关的生物分子，从而促进再矿化。近年来，由于臭氧发生器的改进，臭氧已成功安全地应用于牙科治疗，对早期窝沟龋和根面龋有一定治疗作用。本文就臭氧在治疗龋病中的机理、应用和临床效果以及口腔中可以应用的臭氧发生器工作原理作一综述。     

D-氨基酸对细菌生物膜分散作用的研究进展

细菌是导致感染性疾病的主要来源,细菌分泌的胞外多糖等物质聚集可形成致密的生物膜,使抗生素难以对其发挥杀菌作用,甚至可产生耐药性。细菌生物膜的存在给临床治疗增加了难度。口腔牙菌斑生物膜是龋病发生发展的始动因素,因此,有效清除和控制牙菌斑生物膜是防治龋病的关键。D-氨基酸作为细菌生物膜信号分子,能促进生物膜分散,进而促进抗菌药物发挥杀菌作用。文章就D-氨基酸对细菌生物膜分散作用的研究进展做一综述,为临床上清除牙菌斑生物膜的治疗方案提供新的思路。     

臭氧在龋病治疗中的作用

臭氧是一种广谱、高效的杀菌剂,氧化作用极强,反应速度快,能杀灭各种口腔内致病细菌,并且氧化与致龋相关的生物分子,从而促进再矿化.近年来,由于臭氧发生器的改进,臭氧已成功安全地应用于牙科治疗,对早期窝沟龋和根面龋有一定治疗作用.本文就臭氧在治疗龋病中的机理、应用和临床效果以及口腔中可以应用的臭氧发生器工作原理作一综述.     

臭氧水溶液对牙周可疑致病菌作用的研究

目的：评价臭氧水溶液对常见牙周可疑致病菌的杀菌效果。方法：采用细菌悬液定量实验法,测定不同浓度的臭氧水溶液对牙龈卟啉单胞菌（P．g）ATCC33277、伴放线菌嗜血菌（H．a）ATCC29522、具核梭杆菌（F．n）ATCC10957和牙龈卟啉单胞菌临床分离株作用30、60、90、120 s 的杀菌率,阳性对照组采用不同浓度的过氧化氢溶液,阴性对照组采用蒸馏水。实验样本在厌氧培养72 h 后进行菌落计数并计算杀菌率。结果：臭氧水溶液对几种牙周可疑致病菌均有杀灭效果,且杀菌率随浓度的增加而提高（P ＜0．01）。对 P．g 标准株和临床分离株的杀菌率差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。线性回归分析臭氧水溶液对3种细菌杀灭作用的浓度影响因素β值均大于0．95,时间影响因素β值均小于0．11。结论：臭氧水溶液对牙龈卟啉单胞菌、伴放线菌嗜血菌和具核梭杆菌具有浓度依赖性杀灭效果。     

新型抗菌糊剂对感染根管内细菌杀灭作用的体内研究

目的：研究新型抗生素根管消毒糊剂（甲硝唑－环丙沙星－二甲胺四环素，MCM）用于根管消毒的有效性和可行性。方法：对30例慢性根尖周炎或牙髓坏死患者进行随机分组，以甲酚醛为对照观察MCM的体内抑菌效果，结果：甲酚醛与MCM的体内抑力活性无统计学差异，尚不能认为MCM优于甲酚醛。结论：MCM体内抗菌活性与甲酚醛无显著性差异，但刺激性小于后者，具有较好的临床应用前景。     

冠修复材料对龈下优势菌生长的影响

冠修复是牙体缺损后临床常用方法,修复时会造成龈沟内微生态平衡的破坏。修复后微生物的生长是恢复生态平衡、维护牙周组织健康的前提条件,环境因素的改变直接影响微生物的生长,材料的某些成份可成为激活细菌成为条件致病菌的潜在因素,微生物比例的改变使条件致病菌致病成为可能,影响牙周组织的健康,导致修复失败。本研究拟从微观上尝试评价冠修复材料的组成、性能对细菌生长的影响。研究结果认为:不同材料对不同细菌生长影响不同。Plat铸造陶瓷,Vita烤瓷,冠用湿热固化塑料对粘性放线菌、具核梭杆菌、黄褐二氧化碳噬纤维菌的生长无影响,对血链球菌的生长,四种材料均有抑制作用,以SDA-Ⅱ中熔合金的抑制作用最强,Plat铸造陶瓷最弱。细菌的生长量与培养时间以及培养液中的营养条件有关,培养时间与培养液中的营养量呈负相关关系。     

浸泡消毒藻酸钾印模对模型尺寸稳定性的影响

目的使用不同消毒剂浸泡消毒口腔印模，观察其对模型尺寸稳定性的影响。方法制取塑料母模印模试件60件，按消毒剂不同随机分为3组，每组18个试件，分别浸没于2％强化中性戊二醛，0．5％次氯酸，0．1％碘伏中。每组再按消毒时间不同分3组，每组6个试件，分别浸泡10min、20min、30min后取出灌注模型。对照组6个试件直接灌注模型。24h后测量显微镜测量各组石膏模型6近远中径（MD），6颊舌径（LB），6｜6间距（CA），36间距（AP）线性长度值。SPSS10．0做统计学处理，统计藻酸钾印模浸泡前后模型尺寸有无显著改变及改变量。结果①使用析因设计两因素方差分析对模型测量值MD，LB，AP，CA进行分析。结果显示处理组P值均小于0．05，区组因素P值均大于0．05。②使用Dunnett-T检验把浸泡各时间组模型尺寸与浸泡前比较，结果显示浸泡10min模型线性长度与对照组均无显著性差别，浸泡20min，30min组各测量值与对照组相比均有显著性差异。结论①浸泡消毒藻酸钾印模，消毒剂种类不影响模型尺寸稳定性。消毒时间可影响模型尺寸稳定性。②随浸泡消毒时间延长，模型尺寸改变增大，浸泡30min内尺寸改变在临床允许范围内。     

The effect of ozone on progression or regression of artificial caries-like enamel lesions in vitro

Objective

This study investigated the effect of ozone on the progression or regression of artificial caries-like lesions on enamel following pH cycling conditions in vitro.

Methods

A randomized, single blind, four legs design was used. 20 full thickness enamel slabs were allocated to each of the four groups which were: Fluoride free toothpaste (control); ozone alone; Reductant/Patient Kit alone and a combination of both ozone/Reductant/Patient Kit. Artificial lesions were created and subjected to the pH cycling regime for a 14 days period. Assessments were carried out before and after the pH cycling on the slabs using the microhardness testing and Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF).

Results

Statistical significant difference were found in the percentage change of enamel microhardness before and after pH cycling between ozone/Reductant/Patient Kit group and all the other three groups of the study, as well as between Reductant/Patient Kit group and control. There was a statistical significant difference in the change of size and severity of the lesion (ΔQ) between all the three regimes tested and the control with a trend favouring ozone/Reductant/Patient Kit group.

Conclusions

In our model, it appeared that ozone treatment alone is not effective in protecting the enamel against demineralisation or promoting remineralisation, unless combined with the Reductant/Patient Kit, which contain high levels of fluoride.     

A quantitative approach to the effectiveness of ozone against microbiota organisms colonizing toothbrushes

OBJECTIVES: Toothbrushes are rapidly contaminated with different microorganisms, which colonize the oral cavity and interdental spaces. This can represent a possible cause of infection or reinfection. In this study, the ozone experimental effect upon toothbrushes microflora was estimated microbiologically before and after saturation with ozone gas. METHODS: Fifty used toothbrushes coming from children and adults were entered our study. Microorganisms were enumerated and identified. Bristles from each brush were soaked in ozone saturated PBS solution for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min and the total microbial population was reassessed. RESULTS: Counts of microorganisms isolated per brush varied between 10(2) and 10(7) CFU. Candida albicans was present in used toothbrushes. No obligate anaerobes were isolated. Members of Streptococcaceae family were regularly found (65.2%) belonging to the following species: Streptococcus pyogenes, S. mutans, S. mitis, S. oralis, S. sobrinus, S. viridans, S. salivarius, S. sanguis, Aerococcus viridans. A. viridans and S. mutans were more frequently isolated on children toothbrushes while Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were found on adults brushes. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. and Enterococcus sp., were also recovered. We found that the ozone treatment decreased gradually the microbial load. However, a bacterial re-growth was effective following short ozonation period. Decontamination was complete after an extended exposure to ozone for 30 min. CONCLUSIONS: Ozone application was found to remove the toothbrushes bristles microbiota following conventional brushing. Maximum decontamination efficacy of ozone treatment was observed after 30 min while exposure for short time periods seems to be inefficient which probably reflect the low dose of ozone used in this study.     

不同消毒剂对藻酸钾印模表面细菌消毒效果比较

目的 使用不同消毒剂浸泡消毒污染口腔印模，观察其消毒效果。方法 实验组81个试件按所染菌种分为金黄色葡萄球菌组，血液链球菌组，白色念珠菌组，每组27个试件。各菌组再按消毒剂不同分三组。每组9个试件。用250ml无菌蒸馏水冲洗后分别浸没于2％强化中性戊二醛，0．1％碘伏，0．5％次氯酸中，于5min。10min，15min各取出3个试件。阳性对照组，每组6个试件。分别染菌后3个试件冲洗，3个试件不冲。阴性对照组，每组2个试件。取印模后不染菌。各组浸于中和液中，洗下余菌。培养并计数。结果 ①冲洗可以使印模表面的附着菌数平均减少95．15％。②2％戊二醛消毒5min对三种菌的消毒效果可达100％。0．1％碘伏浸泡消毒5min对三种菌的消毒效果可达99．99％。0．5％次氯酸消毒10min可达到消毒效果。结论 ①冲洗可以部分去除印模表面附着菌。但迭不到消毒的效果，仍应对印模进行消毒处理。②2％戊二醛消毒5min，0．1％碘伏，0．5％次氯酸消毒10min对沾染白色念珠菌。金黄色葡萄球菌，血链球菌的印模可达到消毒效果。     

正畸粘接用玻璃离子粘固剂的抑菌性能研究

目的　探讨正畸粘接用玻璃离子粘固剂对托槽周围菌斑中致龋菌是否有抑制作用。方法　选择 2 2例患者 ,采用自身对照方法 ,分别用玻璃离子粘固剂和复合树脂粘接剂粘接托槽 ,1个月后采集托槽周围菌斑 ,进行细菌培养和微生物分析。结果　 2种粘接剂托槽周围菌斑的总菌落形成单位数 (cloneformingunit ,CFU)差异无显著性 (复合树脂粘接剂为 2 4× 10 10 CFU/L ,玻璃离子粘固剂为 2 8× 10 10 CFU/L ,P =0 6 73)。与复合树脂粘接剂相比 ,应用玻璃离子粘固剂后并未明显减少托槽周围菌斑中变形链球菌的数量和百分比。结论　正畸粘接用玻璃离子粘固剂不能在较长时间内有效抑制托槽周围致龋菌的生长繁殖     

Antibacterial action of photoactivated disinfection {PAD} used on endodontic bacteria in planktonic suspension and in artificial and human root canals

OBJECTIVES: To measure antibacterial action of photoactivated disinfection (PAD) on endodontic bacteria in planktonic suspension and root canals. Methods: Four bacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum,Peptostreptococcus micros, Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus intermedius, were tested in suspension. After mixing equal volumes of Tolonium chloride and bacterial suspension for 60s, each 200 microL of concentration (>10(6)cfu mL(-1)) was irradiated with light at 633+/-2 nm. Each energy dose/Tolonium chloride concentration combination was tested eight times, with controls. Prepared root canals in Training Blocs and extracted human teeth were inoculated with S. intermedius followed by 10 mg L(-1) Tolonium chloride or saline. Bacteria in canals were sampled before and after light irradiation. Student t-test assessed significance of changes in viable bacteria produced by treatment of either light or Tolonium chloride alone and light/Tolonium chloride combinations. RESULTS: In suspension, reductions in bacteria were highly significant (P<0.01) for light/Tolonium chloride combinations compared to light or Tolonium chloride alone. Maximum mean log reductions of 1.14 (P. intermedia), 2.48 (P. micros), 2.81 (F. nucleatum) and 6.73 (S. intermedius) were at 4.8 J/20 mg L(-1). Antibacterial action was increased by energy dose increase (not always significantly), but not by Tolonium chloride concentration. In control canals mean log reductions of 0.42 (Blocs) and 0.38 (teeth) from initial levels were not significant. PAD mean log reductions of 2.40 (Blocs) and 2.01 (teeth) were highly significant. Changes for PAD/energy dose combinations were not significant. CONCLUSION: PAD killed endodontic bacteria at statistically significant levels compared to controls. Kills varied with bacterial species.     

氯化镧对口腔内八种致病细菌的抑制作用

目的 探讨氯化镧对口腔内8种致病细菌的抑制作用。方法液体稀释法进行药敏实验，测定氯化镧对口腔内8种致病菌的MIC与MBC并以常用抗菌药作对照，在液体稀释法中加入噻唑蓝，辅助测定MIC。结果氯化镧对口腔内8种致病菌有不同程度的抑制作用，其中对牙龈卟啉单胞菌、具核梭杆菌、溶血性链球菌及变形链球菌较敏感（MIC 1533μg／ml）。引入噻唑蓝所得MIC结果更客观。结论氯化镧对口腔内8种致病菌有程度不同的抑制作用，噻唑蓝在药敏实验中有较好辅助作用。