Study of CT perfusion in posterior circulation cerebral ischemia and hyperacute phase of cerebral infarction

正Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of CT perfusion (CTP) for posterior circulation cerebral ischemia and hyperacute phase of cerebral infarction.Methods CTP was performed in 184 patients with suspected posterior circulation acute ischemic stroke,and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of MRI was performed 24-72 hours after onset.According to the characteristics of various perfusion parameters,the perfusion defect area in     

CT灌注成像在超早期脑梗死中的应用

Objective To investigate the role of computed tomography perfusion (CTP)in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction. Methods After CT scan was performed in 33 patients who were clinically diagnosed as cerebral infarction ＜5 hours of symptom onset,CTP imaging was performed. CT was reexamined after 24 hours.Results CT scan did not fred abnormality in 33 patients. CTP imaging showed 15 were normal and 18 were abnormal. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF),regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV),and regional mean transit time (rMTT) in patients with normal CTP imaging were 32.588±5.877 ml/(100 g · min),1.205 ±0.261 ml/100 g,and 2.937±0.887 s,respectively. There were no significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (33. 208 ± 6. 740)ml/(100 g · min),1. 233 ± 0. 290) ml/100 g,and 2. 854 ± 0. 799 s) (all P ＞ 0. 05).Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed that 11 patients were diagnosed as transient ischemic attack (TIA),2 were hypoglycemia,and 2 were brain stem infarction. The rCBF,rCBV,and rMTT in the ipsilateral sides of 18 patients with CTP imaging abnormality were 6. 580 ±3. 457 ml/(100 g·min),0. 803 ±0. 285 ml/100 g,and 14. 947 ±4. 665 s,respectively. There were significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (34. 756 ± 4. 126 ml/(100 g·min),1. 622 ±0.708 ml/100 g,and (3.794 ± 1. 775 s) (all P ＜0. 05). Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed as cerebral infarction in the basal ganglia region. Conclusions CTP imaging can be used for the diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction and has the significance of differential diagnosis.     

CT灌注成像在超早期脑梗死中的应用

Objective To investigate the role of computed tomography perfusion (CTP)in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction. Methods After CT scan was performed in 33 patients who were clinically diagnosed as cerebral infarction ＜5 hours of symptom onset,CTP imaging was performed. CT was reexamined after 24 hours.Results CT scan did not fred abnormality in 33 patients. CTP imaging showed 15 were normal and 18 were abnormal. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF),regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV),and regional mean transit time (rMTT) in patients with normal CTP imaging were 32.588±5.877 ml/(100 g · min),1.205 ±0.261 ml/100 g,and 2.937±0.887 s,respectively. There were no significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (33. 208 ± 6. 740)ml/(100 g · min),1. 233 ± 0. 290) ml/100 g,and 2. 854 ± 0. 799 s) (all P ＞ 0. 05).Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed that 11 patients were diagnosed as transient ischemic attack (TIA),2 were hypoglycemia,and 2 were brain stem infarction. The rCBF,rCBV,and rMTT in the ipsilateral sides of 18 patients with CTP imaging abnormality were 6. 580 ±3. 457 ml/(100 g·min),0. 803 ±0. 285 ml/100 g,and 14. 947 ±4. 665 s,respectively. There were significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (34. 756 ± 4. 126 ml/(100 g·min),1. 622 ±0.708 ml/100 g,and (3.794 ± 1. 775 s) (all P ＜0. 05). Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed as cerebral infarction in the basal ganglia region. Conclusions CTP imaging can be used for the diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction and has the significance of differential diagnosis.     

Application value of CT perfusion imaging with acetazolamide challenge test in the diagnosis of chronic cerebral insufficiency

<正>Objective To explore the CT perfusion imaging with acetazolamide(ACZ)challenge test in the diagnosis of chronic cerebral insufficiency.Methods 100 patients undergoing health examination in our hospital from Aug2009 to Feb 2011 were chosen,52 patients diagnosed as chronic cerebral insufficiency were defined as the case group,and the remaining 48 cases of healthy elderly people were defined as the control group.The brain CT     

Perfusion CT findings in liver of patients with tumor during chemotherapy

AIM: To investigate the microcirculation changes in liver of patients with tumor during chemotherapy by perfusion computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Sixty patients with tumor and 20 controls were enrolled in this study. Perfusion CT parameters of patients and controls were compared, including hepatic perfusion index (HPI), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability-surface area product (PS). Correlation between perfusion CT parameters, treatment cycle and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was studied. RES...     

Relationship between β-fibrinogen gene - 455G/A,- 148C/T polymorphisms and atrial fibrillation with cerebral infarction

Objective To investigate the relationship between β-fibrinogen (β-Fg) gene -455G/A,- 148C/T polymorphisms and atrial fibrillation (AF) with cerebral infarction.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the genotypes of -455G/A and -148C/T in 97 patients with AF with cerebral infarction (AF with cerebral infarction group),80 patients with AF alone (AF group),and 98 health subjects (healthy control group).Results The A allele frequencies of -455G/A in the AF with cerebral infarction group and the AF group were 0.304 and 0.344 respectively.They were significantly higher than 0.179 in the healthy control group (all P＜0.05).The T allele frequencies of - 148C/T in the AF with cerebral infarction group and the AF group were 0.348and 0.369,respectively.They were significant higher than 0.240 in the healthy control group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The A allele of -455G/A and the T allele of -148C/T were associated with AF with cerebral infarction and AF.     

Myocardial perfusion imaging with a contrast agent at a low concentration in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the elderly

正Objective To evaluate the clinical value of myocardial perfusion imaging with dual-source dual-energy CT and a contrast agent at a low concentration in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the elderly.Methods Onestop cardiac imaging with dual-source CT was conducted in 138 elderly patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction between October 2015 and May 2016.The patients     

Dual-phase contrast-enhancement multislice computed tomography imaging for the assessment of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Evaluation of acute myocardial infarction after reperfusion by dual phase contrast-enhancement multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was implicated in porcine model. There have been few attempts to use this diagnostic modality for the early assessment of coronary reperfusion in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), especially after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In elderly patients with STEMI, the safety issues remain unknown. Methods Dual phase contrast-enhancement MSCT examinations were performed in 11 elderly patients (≥60 years old) with STEMI within one week after primary PCI. The presence, location and enhancement pattern on MSCT were evaluated. MSCT findings were compared with the catheter angiographic results and area under the curve of creatine kinase (CK) release. Serum creatinine level was recorded before and after MSCT scan. Results MSCT scans were successfully performed in all the patients. Early myocardial perfusion defect (early defect, ED) was detected in all of the 11 patients (100%) in the early phase of the contrast bolus (subendocardial ED in 10 patients and transmural in 1 patient). Mean CT attenuation value of ED was significantly different from CT attenuation value of remote myocardium (46±17 HU vs 104 ± 17 HU; P < 0.01). Location of ED area correlated well with infarction related artery territory on catheter angiography in all of the 11 patients (100%). On delayed phase of MSCT scan, different enhancement patterns were observed: isolated subendocardial late enhancement (LE) in 6 patients, subendocardial residual perfusion defect (RD) and subepicardial LE in 1 patient, subendocardial RD in 4 patients. Infarct volume assessed by MSCT correlated well with area under the curve CK release (R=0.72, P < 0.01). Serum creatinine level after MSCT scan showed no difference with that before MSCT scan. Conclusion Dual phase MSCT could be safely implicated in elderly patients with STEMI. Variable abnormal myocardial enhancement patterns were seen on dual phase MSCT in these patients with STEMI after primary PCI. Assessment of myocardial attenuation on MSCT gives additional information of the location and extent of infarction after reperfusion.     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation of hepatic microvascular changes in liver diseases

AIM:To assess if software assisted-contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) provides reproducible perfusion parameters of hepatic parenchyma in patients affected by chronic liver disease. METHODS:Forty patients with chronic viral liver disease, with (n = 20) or without (n = 20) cirrhosis, and 10 healthy subjects underwent CEUS and video recordings of each examination were then analysed with Esaote's Qontrast software. CEUS dedicated software Qontrast was used to determine peak (the maximum signal intensity), time to peak (TTP), region of blood value (RBV) proportional to the area under the time-intensity curve, mean transit time (MTT) measured in seconds and region of blood flow (RBF). RESULTS:Qontrast-assisted CEUS parameters displayed high inter-observer reproducibility (k coefficients of 0.87 for MTT and 0.90 TTP). When the region of interest included a main hepatic vein, Qontrast-calculated TTP was significantly shorter in cirrhotic patients (vs non-cirrhotics and healthy subjects) (71.0 ± 11.3 s vs 82.4 ± 15.6 s, 86.3 ± 20.3 s, P 0.05). MTTs in the patients with liver cirrhosis were significantly shorter than those of controls (111.9 ± 22.0 s vs 139.4 ± 39.8 s, P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic groups (111.9 ± 22.0 s vs 110.3 ± 14.6 s). Peak enhancement in the patients with liver cirrhosis was also higher than that observed in controls (23.9 ± 5.9 vs 18.9 ± 7.1, P = 0.05). There were no significant intergroup differences in the RBVs and RBFs. CONCLUSION:Qontrast-assisted CEUS revealed reproducible differences in liver perfusion parameters during the development of hepatic fibrogenesis.     

Association of CT perfusion imaging with plasma levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF in patients with NSCLC

Objective: To study the association of CT perfusion imaging parameters with plasma level of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth(VEGF) in patients with non small cell cancer(NSCLC). Methods: A total of 67 patients with NSCLC(NSCLC group) and 64 patients with benign lesion(control group) were given with CT perfusion imaging to obtain blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time, time to peal and permeability surface through CT perfusion software. The plasma levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF were tested by ELISA. The relationship between plasma levels of TGF-β1, VEGF and CT perfusion imaging parameters were analyzed. Results: CT perfusion imaging parameters and the plasma levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF of NSCLC group were significantly higher than the control group(P0.05), while CT perfusion parameters and the levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF in NSCLC group showed significant difference in different tumor node metastasis stages(P0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the level of plasma TGF-β1 and VEGF were positively correlated with blood flow, blood volume, and mean transit time(P0.05), and negatively correlated with time to peal(P0.05). There was no significant correlation between TGF-β1 and VEGF with the permeability surface. Conclusions: CT perfusion imaging parameters in patients with NSCLC is closely associated with plasma TGF-β1, VEGF and its biological characteristics. CT perfusion imaging is a convenient method to detect tumor blood perfusion.     

16排移动CT脑灌注成像的初步结果报告

目的应用16排移动CT建立一种脑灌注成像（CTPI）的新方法,评定该扫描仪CTPI成像的可行性和初步应用效果。 方法筛选经CT或MRI扫描确定有脑缺血性卒中改变的6例受检者。先经肘静脉高压团注非离子型造影剂100 mL,注射速度2.3 mL/s。应用16排移动CT对确定的感兴趣区行连续动态扫描CTPI成像,扫描条件为扫描管电压120 kV,管电流8 mA,层厚1.1 mm,层间距4.4 mm。采用高级影像处理软件Anythink及去卷积法算法,分别计算病侧感兴趣区和健康侧相对应区的脑血流量（CBF）、脑血容量（CBV）、对比剂平均通过时间（MTT）和达峰时间（TTP）。 结果16排移动CT进行连续动态扫描CTPI检查的成像效果及图像质量符合临床诊断标准。6例受检者CTPI检测数据经统计学分析发现,病侧感兴趣区的CBF（25.226±6.458）mL·100 g^-1·min^-1、CBV（2.756±0.734）mL/100 g、MTT（3.365±1.450）s和TTP（22.314±4.884）s与健康侧相对应区的CBF（29.672±8.879）mL·100 g^-1·min^-1、CBV（3.714±0.401）mL/100 g、MTT（1.730±0.807）s及TTP（22.424±5.395）s相比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论成功建立了16排移动CTPI检查新方法,成像性能良好,CTPI检测计算数据可靠。     

计算机体层摄影术灌注成像研究超早期脑梗死患者脑血流动力学状态

目的通过观察超早期脑梗死区域计算机体层摄影术灌注成像变化,分析超早期脑梗死区域脑血流动力学状态及影响因素。方法选择17例突发偏瘫或失语、发病时间少于6 h、计算机体层摄影术常规扫描阴性的患者,立即行灌注成像检查。分析灌注成像相关数据,并且与20例正常人群进行比较。结果6 h内脑梗死患者患侧灰质及白质脑血流量、脑血流容积明显低于对侧,差异有显著性(均P<0.05);脑梗死组对侧与对照组比较,灰质区域的脑血流量下降、脑血流容积上升、达峰时间上升,白质区域的脑血流量上升、达峰时间上升,差异有显著性(P<0.05);发病年龄与病灶侧脑血流动力学状态呈显著性相关(脑血流量r=-0.707、脑血流容积r=-0.658)(P<0.05)。结论超早期脑梗死患者计算机体层摄影术灌注成像不仅有病灶侧大脑血流动力学改变,而且还有对侧大脑血流动力学改变;患者年龄也是影响病灶侧大脑血流动力学状态相关因素之一。     

64层螺旋CT灌注成像联合血管成像在急性缺血性脑卒中的应用价值

目的探讨脑容积CT灌注成像(CT perfusion imaging,CTPI)与头颅CT血管成像(CT angiography,CTA)联合应用在急性缺血性脑卒中的应用价值。方法对22例临床有神经缺失症状的患者,发病24 h内行64层螺旋CTPI和CTA后,选定感兴趣区层面,测量异常灌注区和对侧脑组织血流动力学参数。结果22例患者CTPI发现病灶区域灌注异常的敏感性为90.1%,特异性为100%;脑血流量减低、平均通过时间延长;灌注异常区与对照区域差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。64层螺旋CT可同时获得容积CTPI和包括颅底动脉环在内的CTA;22例患者均发现有不同程度的低灌注区,有19例患者CTA发现血管异常。结论早期、特别是超早期缺血性脑卒中患者CTPI结合CTA检查,对病因、病情进展、预后评估、半暗带区判定提供了综合、简单、快速、便捷的影像学依据。     

双排螺旋CT脑灌注成像在超早期脑梗死诊断中的价值

目的　探讨双排螺旋CT脑灌注成像技术在超早期脑梗死诊断中的意义。　方法　 对18例短暂性脑缺血发作患者行头部CT平扫,选择基底核区或感兴趣区行CT脑灌注成像,获 取脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)和对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)图;出院时复查CT,与 入院时CT片比较。对同一例患者脑灌注后资料作统计学分析。　结果　患者发病90min后,CT 脑灌注即可显示出病灶区域血流灌注异常,与对侧相比CBF、CBV下降,MTT延长。对于CT平 扫未见病灶的患者,可预示有无梗死灶的存在、位置及范围;对于已有梗死灶的患者可预示病灶 的发展趋势。12例CT脑灌注异常的同一例患者,左、右两侧半球脑实质内CBF、CBV及MTT差 异均具有显著意义(P<0.05～0.01),6例无CT脑灌注异常者,差异无显著意义(P>0.05～ 0.01)。　结论　CT脑灌注成像技术可超早期预示脑梗死病灶及其发展趋势,有重要的临床应用 价值。统计学分析可作为诊断脑血流灌注异常的一种补充。     

64层螺旋CT脑灌注联合CT血管造影在超早期脑梗死患者的应用

目的评价64层螺旋CT脑灌注成像(CTP)联合CT血管造影(CTA)对超早期脑梗死的应用价值。方法对30例超早期脑梗死患者,均于发病6 h内行CT平扫、CTP及CTA检查,分析平扫及灌注成像表现,测量缺血区的脑灌注参数值,并重建颈段和脑内动脉CTA图像。结果30例患者中10例头颅CT平扫发现早期脑梗死征象,20例常规CT平扫未发现异常,CTP均发现灌注异常区。CTP表现为脑血流量及脑血容量减低、达峰时间延迟;梗死区的脑血流量、脑血容量与对侧差异有显著性意义(P<0．01),半暗带区脑血流量、达峰时间与对侧差异有显著性意义(P<0．01),而脑血容量差异无显著性意义(P<0．05)。重建CTA图像显示17例脑梗死患者一侧大脑中动脉重度狭窄或闭塞,13例一侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞。结论CTP能够早期快速、准确反映缺血部位及程度,预测半暗带;CTA可以显示病变血管的部位和程度,对早期诊断缺血性脑卒中和指导治疗有重要价值。     

颈动脉双源CT血管造影和脑CT动态灌注成像在缺血性脑血管病的应用

目的运用颈动脉双源CT血管造影(CTA)和脑CT动态灌注成像(DCTPI)扫描,探讨缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块造成管腔狭窄与脑缺血之间的关系。方法临床诊断短暂性脑缺血发作和超急性或急性脑梗死患者40例,急诊行头颅CT或MRI扫描后,立即行颈动脉双源CTA和脑DCTPI扫描,对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块造成管腔的狭窄程度和脑灌注血流参数进行评价。结果 40例患者中,颈动脉无狭窄9例,占22.5%;轻度狭窄9例,占22.5%;中度狭窄12例,占30.0%;重度狭窄8例,占20.0%;完全闭塞2例,占5.0%。15例超急性或急性脑梗死患者梗死中心区患侧脑血流量较对侧明显下降,同时梗死中心区脑血流量较缺血半暗带或边缘区也明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);梗死中心区与缺血半暗带或边缘区脑血容量、造影剂到达峰值时间、平均通过时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈动脉双源CTA和脑DCTPI联合应用可同时显示颈动脉粥样硬化斑块造成颈动脉狭窄情况和缺血脑组织的部位和范围,为临床治疗缺血性脑血管病提供影像学依据。     

多模式CT对缺血性卒中脑侧支循环的评估价值

目的探讨多模式CT检查对脑缺血后侧支循环的评估价值。方法对39例缺血性卒中患者入院3 d内行多模式CT检查,包括CT平扫、CT灌注(CTP)成像、CT血管成像(CTA),采用德国西门子64层螺旋CT系统的后处理软件,对受检者脑组织灌注状态及脑血管情况进行评估。对侧支循环良好者与侧支循环不良患者的CTP参数[脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、平均达峰时间(TTP)]及出院后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分进行比较。结果 39例患者中,多模式CT检查阴性者2例,其中1例随访头部MRI,证实为短暂性脑缺血发作,1例为腔隙性脑梗死;阳性者37例。多模式CT检查发现病灶侧责任血管闭塞或狭窄24例,其中11例病灶侧可见侧支循环生成,另外13例患者病灶侧侧支循环形成不良。病灶侧与健侧比较,侧支循环良好患者表现为CBF降低(t=-5.92),MTT、TTP延长(t值分别为4.27、3.17),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);侧支循环不良患者CBV、CBF均明显降低(t值分别为-14.27、-14.82),MTT、TTP延长(t值分别为7.26、7.54),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。两组患者病灶侧CBF、CBV、TTP差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.24、4.11、-2.34,均P0.05)。侧支循环良好与不良患者90 d mRS评分分别为(1.3±0.6)、(4.0±0.9)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.29,P0.01),有侧支循环形成的患者预后良好。结论多模式CT检查对于评估脑血流灌注状态、了解脑侧支循环建立或开放情况、判断临床预后具有一定临床意义。     

64层螺旋CT脑灌注联合CT血管造影在短暂性脑缺血发作的应用

目的评价64层螺旋CT脑灌注成像(CTP)联合CT血管造影(CTA)对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的应用价值。方法对36例临床诊断TIA的患者行常规头颅CT平扫、CTP及CTA检查,分析平扫及灌注成像表现,测量脑内感兴趣区的灌注参数值,并重建颈段和脑内动脉CTA图像。结果36例TIA患者中有26例发现与临床症状相对应的灌注异常区,表现为达峰时间延迟;另外10例未发现灌注异常区。26例患者病变侧及对侧的达峰时间分别为(12．04±4．05)s和(9．89±2．68)s,经配对t检验差异有显著性意义(P＜0．01);病变侧脑血流量值较对侧略低,脑血容量值较对侧略高,但差异无显著性意义。重建CTA图像显示26例患者大脑中动脉或颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞。结论头颅CT平扫可排除其他脑内疾病,CTP提供脑血流动力学信息,CTA可明确血管有无狭窄,对TIA的诊断有重要意义。     

磁共振PWI联合DWI在老年急性期脑梗死中的应用价值

目的 探讨灌注加权成像(PWI)联合弥散加权成像(DWI)对急性期脑梗死的诊断价值.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,收集56例发病时间1～72 h(其中20例为超急性期脑梗死,发病时间＜6 h;36例为急性期脑梗死,发病时间7～72 h)的老年脑梗死病人的临床及影像资料.所有病人均进行PWI和DWI检查,主要观察指标:患侧脑...     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者的CT灌注成像：前瞻性病例系列研究

目的 探讨短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）患者CT灌注成像（CT perfusion,CTP）变化以及出现CTP异常的危险因素.方法 纳入TIA行CTP和CT血管造影检查的患者.获得脑血流量（cerebral blood flow,CBF）、脑血容量（cerebral blood volume,CBV）、平均通过时间（mean transit time,MTT）和达峰时间（time to peak,TTP）等参数值,通过与对侧镜像区进行比较确定CTP异常.对CTP异常组与正常组人口统计学和基线临床资料进行比较,采用多变量logistic回归分析确定TIA患者出现CTP异常的危险因素.结果 共纳入69例TIA患者,其中52例存在与临床症状相对应的灌注异常,表现为TTP和MTT延长,但CBF和CBV下降不明显.多变量logistic回归分析显示,国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评分较高[优势比（odds ratio,OR）1.991,95％可信区间（confidence interval,CI）1.113 ～3.564;P=0.020]、症状持续时间较长（OR l.062,95％ CI l.013～1.114;P=0.013）以及伴有颅内血管狭窄（OR 15.410,95％ CI2.118 ～112.116;P=0.007）是TIA患者出现CTP异常的独立危险因素.相关性分析显示,TTP延长（r=0.389,P=0.001）和MTT延长（r=0.413,P=0.001）与NIHSS评分显著相关.结论 TTP和MTT能敏感地显示TIA患者的脑灌注异常,病情越严重,CTP异常率越高.