异丙酚静脉复合麻醉在老年人胃肠镜联合检查中的应用

目的 评价异丙酚合并芬太尼静脉麻醉在老年患者胃肠镜联合检查中的效果及安全性.方法 回顾分析326例采用静脉麻醉下胃肠镜联合检查(联合检查组)老年患者的临床资料,与同期接受静脉麻醉下胃镜(胃镜组)或结肠镜检查(结肠镜组)的老年患者进行对照,比较各组血压、心率、血氧饱和度(SpO2)变化情况以及不良反应发生情况.结果 异丙酚平均用量分别为联合检查组(100.4±38.5)mg、胃镜组(130.4±50.5)mg、结肠镜组(170.3±60.3)mg,所有患者均能达到胃肠镜检查的满意镇静程度,无因麻醉并发症终止胃肠镜检查者;心率、血压变化及心血管事件发生率各组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);呼吸事件发生率分别为9例(3.1％)、6例(2.3％)和13例(4.0％),差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在严格控制适应证、术中严密监测的条件下,应用异丙酚静脉复合麻醉对于老年患者胃肠镜联合检查是安全、有效的.     

丙泊酚复合雷米芬太尼靶控输注在肠道内窥镜检查中的应用

目的探讨丙泊酚复合雷米芬太尼靶控输注在肠道内窥镜检查中的疗效。方法随机选择肠道内窥镜检查的患者30例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,分为丙泊酚-雷米芬太尼靶控组（P—R组）30例、咪唑安定一氯胺酮组（M—K组）30例。比较两组围术期镇静-止痛效果、循环系统影响、药物不良反应发生率。结果两种麻醉方法均可满足肠道内窥镜检查需要。术中P—R组对于循环系统如心率和收缩压的影响低于M—K组,并且药物不良反应发生率与复苏时间较短（P〈0．05）。两组镇静一止痛差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论丙泊酚复合雷米芬太尼靶控用于肠道内窥镜检查麻醉临床效果较好。     

不同麻醉药物配伍在结肠镜检查中的应用与护理支持

目的:比较芬太尼复合咪唑安定与复合异丙酚两种静脉麻醉方法的用于肠镜检查中的临床麻醉效果和安全性.方法:130例美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)Ⅰ-Ⅱ级患者随机分为2组:FM组(芬太尼 咪唑安定,n=75),FP组(芬太尼 异丙酚,n=55).观察两组镇静镇痛程度、遗忘程度、起效时间、苏醒时间、镜检满意度、呼吸抑制及血压、心率及血氧饱和度的变化.结果:FFM组、FP组均取得了良好的镇静镇痛效果,FP组作用更显著(t=29.33,P<0.01;t=1 5.35,P<0.01);FP组起效时间(t=6.63,P<0.01)、苏醒时间(t=7.83,P<0.01)、遗忘率(X~2=22.70,P<0.01)、镜检满意度(P<0.01或P<0.05)明显优于组FM;对血压和血氧饱和度的影响FM组低于FP组,两组呼吸抑制(SPO2<90%)率FM组(4%)与FP组(3.6%)相比差异无著性(P>0.05).结论:芬太尼复合咪唑安定与复合异丙酚均有良好的镇静镇痛效果,是安全有效的;且护理支持中必须加强呼吸、循环监护及镇静观察.     

老年人实施镇静性上消化道内镜术的特点

目的 探讨老年人实施镇静性上消化道内镜术的镇静特点.方法 将344例接受镇静性上消化道内镜术患者分为老年组(146例)及青中年组(198例),内镜检查术前均予咪达唑仑0.02～0.05 mg/kg,丙泊酚0.5～2.5 mg/kg,术中酌情追加丙泊酚用量.结果 内镜术前及术中,老年组应用咪达唑仑(1.3±0.2)mg、丙泊酚(64.3±13.1) mg,均显著低于青中年组(1.6±0.2)mg及(72.4±15.0)mg(P＜0.01);操作者评估老年组镇静质量明显高于青中年组(P＜0.01);老年组术前、术中及术后血压(收缩压/舒张压)分别为(118.7±24.7)/(63.4±10.1)mm Hg、(98.8±20.7)/(57.9±11.2)mm Hg和(101.7±21.5)/(58.5±10.4)mm Hg,青中年组分别为(110.6±23.3)/(63.0±11.1)mm Hg、(95.5±19.8)/(57.9±9.9)mm Hg和(96.1±21.2)/(57.0±9.8)mm Hg,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),但两组之间变化程度比较,差异无统计学意义;两组严重不良事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 在实施镇静性上消化道内镜术时,老年组对咪达唑仑、丙泊酚更敏感,用量较青中年人群明显减少,使用较安全,且镇静质量较好,内镜操作过程顺利.     

胶囊内镜在老年人不明原因消化道出血中的应用价值

目的 通过分析老年不明原因消化道出血(PGIB)患者的临床资料和胶囊内镜检查结果,探讨胶囊内镜在老年OGIB患者中的应用价值. 方法 分析比较2002年5月至2007年2月,因OGIB在我院行胶囊内镜检查的老年患者及非老年患者的一般资料、出血类型及检查结果.老年组97例,男性40例、女性57例,平均年龄(70.8±6.8)岁;非老年组99例,男性61例、女性38例,平均年龄(44.4±10.3)岁. 结果 老年组显性出血89例,隐性出血8例;非老年组分别为91例和8例.两组胃排空时间、全小肠检查完成率及胶囊延迟率,差异均无统计学意义,老年组小肠转运时间较非老年组显著延长(P<0.05).老年组2例因胶囊内镜滞留于食管未纳入诊断统计,老年组获阳性诊断62例(65.3%),血管病变为最常见病因;非老年组获阳性诊断67例(67.7%).小肠克罗恩病为最常见病因.两组获得阳性诊断率差异无统计学意义,阳性诊断构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).老年组未发现并发症. 结论 胶囊内镜检查对老年OGIB患者是一项安全有效的检查手段,血管病变为老年OGIB患者最常见的病因.     

丙泊酚在结肠镜检查中的应用

结肠镜广泛应用在结肠疾病的诊断和治疗中,但在操作中人为肠拌或肠痉挛等因素,给患者带来不同程度的痛苦,完全没有痛苦的操作是医患双方共同追求的目标。2001年8月～12月,我院消化内科和麻醉科共同合作,把短效麻醉剂丙泊酚应用在结肠镜检查中,并观察和总结其镇痛作用及安全性。 一、资料和方法 1.病例选择:A组169例,年龄17～72岁,自愿接受丙泊酚全身麻醉后进行肠镜检查,且没有丙泊酚使用禁忌症。B组170例,年龄 20～70岁,同时期未经全身麻醉接受肠镜检查者,条件与A组相似。 2.方法:两组患者检查前20 min肌注阿托品1mg后,A组按丙泊酚2mg/kg缓慢静脉注射,并同时进镜至意识消失后以1～4.5mg·kg-1·h-1速度维持,肠镜进至回盲部停药,全程总用量（98.5±12.75）mg。接受丙泊酚静脉注射者,一般在停药3～5 min后清醒,再1～2 min后恢复定向力和自知力。     

丙泊酚在机械通气中镇静治疗的护理

目的探讨丙泊酚在ICU机械通气患者镇静应用中的护理措施。方法对本组18例机械通气患者应用丙泊酚镇静治疗后严密观察病情,及时调整镇静药物剂量,做好呼吸道和心理护理。结果 18例患者应用丙泊酚治疗后,无意外拔管和导管脱管,患者能配合治疗,无并发症发生。结论丙泊酚用于ICU机械通气患者镇静安全有效,加强护理能使患者病情稳定及早脱离药物。     

丙泊酚复合不同阿片类药物在无痛胃镜检查中的应用

目的比较丙泊酚复合不同阿片类药物在无痛胃镜检查中的应用效果。方法拟行无痛胃镜检查的患者240例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄25～60岁,体重45～75kg。随机分为四组,每组60例。P组静脉注射丙泊酚1～2.5mg/kg,F组静脉注射芬太尼0.8μg/kg,S组静脉注射舒芬太尼0.08μg/kg,R组静脉注射瑞芬太尼0.5μg/kg,除P组外各组均静脉注射丙泊酚1～2mg/kg,意识消失时置入胃镜,术中酌情追加丙泊酚0.5～1mg/kg,观察四组患者丙泊酚用量、清醒时间、视觉模拟评分(VSA),评价清醒时和1h后疼痛程度及不良反应发生情况。结果与P组比较,F组、S组、R组丙泊酚用量减少(P0.05);与F组和S组比较,R组丙泊酚用量减少(P0.05)、R组低氧血症发生率增加(P0.05);与P组比较,F组、S组、R组清醒时间缩短,清醒时VSA疼痛评分减低(P0.05)、清醒1hVSA评分减低(P0.05);除P组外各组清醒时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与F组和R组比较,S组清醒1hVSA评分减低(P0.05)。结论丙泊酚复合不同阿片类药物应用于无痛胃镜检查手术比单一使用丙泊酚组丙泊酚用量减少、对呼吸的抑制少、清醒时间缩短、清醒时舒适程度高。在无痛胃镜检查中0.5μg/kg瑞芬太尼组较0.8μg/kg芬太尼组和0.08μg/kg舒芬太尼组丙泊酚用量减少,但对呼吸的抑制重。舒芬太尼组术后舒适程度优于芬太尼组及瑞芬太尼组。     

异丙酚静脉镇静/麻醉在结肠镜检查中的应用

由于结肠镜检查进镜过程中患者会有不同程度的疼痛 ,因此静脉镇静 /麻醉的应用逐渐受到临床重视。我们观察2 80例异丙酚静脉镇静 /麻醉下行结肠镜检查的效果及对呼吸、循环系统的影响 ,并评价该方法的实用性和安全性。一、资料与方法1.资料 :选取我院内镜中心 1999年 3月至 2 0 0 0年 12月由相同操作医师行结肠镜检查的患者 ,分为异丙酚组和对照组。异丙酚组 2 80例 ,男 136例 ,女 144例 ,年龄为 2 4～ 85岁 ,体重 42～ 85ｋｇ。对照组 2 80例 ,男 132例 ,女 148例 ,年龄为 2 2～ 90岁 ,体重 40～ 90ｋｇ。两组一般构成差异无显著性。2 .方…     

Safety and effectiveness of propofol sedation during and after outpatient colonoscopy

AIM: To study the safety and effectiveness of propofol sedation for outpatient colonoscopy.METHODS: Propofol was given by bolus injection with an age-adjusted standard protocol consisting of 60 mg for patients < 70 years old, 40 mg for patients age 70-89 years, and 20 mg for those ≥ 90 years, and additional injections of 20 mg propofol were given up to a maximum of 200 mg. The principal parameters were the occurrence of adverse events within 24 h after colonoscopy and overall satisfaction for this procedure. Secondary parameters included successful procedure, respiratory depression, and other complications.RESULTS: Consecutive patients were entered prospectively and all 2101 entered successfully completed outpatient colonoscopy. The mean dose of propofol used was 96.4 mg (range 40-200 mg). Younger patients required higher doses of propofol than older patients (20-40 years vs ≥ 61 years: 115.3 ± 32 mg vs 89.7 ± 21 mg, P < 0.001). Transient supplemental oxygen supply was needed by five patients (0.2%); no other complications occurred. The questionnaires were completed by 1820 (87%) of 2101 patients and most rated their overall satisfaction as excellent (80%) or good (17%). The majority (65%) of patients drove home or to their office after their colonoscopy. Most (99%) were willing to repeat the same procedure. No incidents occurred within 24 h after colonoscopy.CONCLUSION: Propofol sedation using a dose < 200 mg proved both safe and practical for outpatient colonoscopy.     

A survey of sedation practices for colonoscopy in Canada

BACKGROUND:

There are limited data regarding the use of sedation for colonoscopy and concomitant monitoring practices in different countries.

METHODS:

A survey was mailed to 445 clinician members of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology and 80 members of the Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons in May and June 2009.

RESULTS:

Sixty-five per cent of Canadian Association of Gastroenterology members and 69% of Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons members responded with the full survey. Most endoscopists reported using sedation for more than 90% of colonoscopies. The most common sedation regimen was a combination of midazolam and fentanyl. Propofol, either alone or with another drug, was used in 12% of cases. A higher proportion (94%) of adult gastroenterologists who routinely used propofol were highly satisfied compared with those using other sedative agents (45%; P<0.001). Fifty per cent of adult gastroenterologists and 29% of surgeons who were not currently using propofol expressed interest in starting to use it for routine colonoscopies. Only a single nurse was present in the endoscopy room during colonoscopy performed by two-thirds of the endoscopists.

CONCLUSIONS:

Results of the present survey suggest that gastroenterologists in Canada use sedation for colonoscopy in more than 90% of their patients. There was higher satisfaction among gastroenterologists who used propofol routinely for all colonoscopies. Most endoscopy rooms were staffed by a single nurse, which may limit further increases in the use of propofol. Further studies are needed to determine optimal staffing of endoscopy units with and without the use of propofol. Sedation practices of general surgery endoscopists need to be evaluated.     

氯胺酮复合异丙酚镇静用于老年男性膀胱镜检查的临床研究

目的探讨小剂量氯胺酮复合异丙酚靶控镇静用于老年男性患者硬性膀胱镜检查的安全性和有效性。方法45例ASAI～Ⅲ级行硬性膀胱镜检查的老年男性患者,随机分为A组:尿道内灌注2％利多卡因凝胶;B组:尿道内灌注2％利多卡因凝胶+异丙酚靶控镇静;C组:尿道内灌注2％利多卡因凝胶+小剂量氯胺酮+异丙酚靶控镇静。每组15例。记录3组术前、局麻、置镜、检查、术毕时的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度(SPO2),B、C两组警觉／镇静评分(OAA／S)3分时的效应室浓度、苏醒时间,术毕根据视觉模拟评分(VAS)进行疼痛评估。结果A组术中置镜时MAP、心率与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);B组术中各时点MAP、心率与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);C组术毕MAP、心率与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。B、C两组OAA／S评分3分时效应室浓度分别为(1．3±0．2)μg／ml和(1．6±0．2)μg／ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。B、C两组苏醒时间分别为(3．3±1．2)min和(3．0±0．9)min,差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。术毕疼痛评估:A组轻度疼痛10例,中度疼痛4例,重度疼痛1例;B、C两组患者均为无痛,并对手术过程无记忆。结论小剂量氯胺酮复合异丙酚靶控镇静用于老年男性患者硬性膀胱镜检查具有良好的镇痛、镇静及顺行性遗忘作用,术中血流动力学稳定,术后苏醒迅速,对老年患者较单独使用异丙酚更加安全、有效。     

心房颤动射频消融术中应用丙泊酚深度镇静的临床观察

目的研究心房颤动(房颤)导管射频消融术中采用丙泊酚深度镇静的有效性、安全性及对操作过程的影响。方法入选160例房颤患者采用持续静脉注射丙泊酚行深度镇静,同期60例未采用丙泊酚的房颤患者作为对照组。深度镇静先给予负荷量丙泊酚1 mg／kg,然后经左锁骨下静脉持续给予维持剂量,起始维持剂量为药典推荐剂量的中位数8 mg·kg-1·h-1术中根据患者的生理指标每10 min调整剂量一次,直至实现理想深度镇静。理想深度镇静的标准:患者意识及疼痛反应消失,但生命体征稳定,无需呼吸及循环支持。分析丙泊酚剂量的影响因素及深度镇静对操作过程的影响。结果160例患者中,除14例(8．8％)外均实现理想深度镇静,未能实现的主要原因是出现不能耐受的不良反应包括低血压、呼吸抑制、剧烈呛咳。实现理想深度镇静的患者,从开始给药至实现理想深度镇静的平均时间为(30±10)min,平均药物维持剂量为(8±3)mg·kg-1·h-1。单变量分析发现年龄>65岁、体重<50 kg及女性患者为给药剂量的影响因素;多变量分析发现仅年龄及体重影响给药剂量。实现理想深度镇静的患者平均手术时间((180±30)min vs(190±37)min,P=0．04]和平均累计放电时间[(59±16)min vs (66±19)min,P=0．007]显著减少且低于对照组,而肺静脉隔离成功率及并发症发生率两组相似。结论房颤导管射频消融术中采用丙泊酚深度镇静安全有效,可提高手术效率,保证手术的顺利进行。     

丙泊酚靶控输注应用于老年患者ERCP的安全性探讨

目的 评价丙泊酚靶控输注在老年患者内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）中的应用价值；探讨该类患者ERCP操作过程中麻醉的处理。方法麻醉下行ERCP患者的2081例，根据年龄分成非老年组（1025例）和老年组（1056例），比较两组问操作过程中丙泊酚靶控输注血药浓度，血压变化，氧饱和度变化及不良事件发生率的差异。结果两组患者麻醉后血压、氧饱和度、心率均有所下降，两组间差异不明显，操作时老年组丙泊酚的血药浓度更低。两组问不良事件发生率没有差异没有统计学意义。结论通过完善的术前评价和准备，高龄患者麻醉下行ERCP是安全、可行的。     

异丙酚联合芬太尼两种麻醉深度行无痛结肠镜检查的比较

目的比较异丙酚配伍芬太尼在两种麻醉深度下行无痛结肠镜检查的安全性、有效性及可行性。方法700例无禁忌症拟行无痛结肠镜检查的患者,随机分为两组,每组350例：A组（清醒无痛肠镜组）首次诱导剂量芬太尼0.5～1μg/kg,异丙酚0.5～1.5mg/kg,镇静程度根据Ramsay分级,麻醉深度为1～2级时停止给药,进镜至降乙移行部、脾区、肝区及其他肠腔弯曲角度较大的位置时追加药量。B组（睡眠无痛肠镜组）首次诱导剂量芬太尼0.5～1μg/kg,异丙酚1.5～2.5mg/kg,麻醉深度为3～4级时停止给药,进镜中发现患者有肢体运动及睫毛反射后追加药量。记录用药前2min、首次给药后2min、检查结束后2分min的HR、SpO2,记录术中异丙酚总量,入镜时间及恢复时间（检查结束至离院时间）、到达回盲部成功率、患者对检查的满意度。结果B组患者用药后2min心率、血氧饱和度均出现一定程度下降,组间、组内比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。A组异丙酚总量105.7±34.8mg,B组152.3±52.9mg,组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;入镜时间A组为15±5min,B组为21±7min,组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;恢复时间A组为6±2min,B组为15±4min,组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;A组检查成功率（到达回盲部）为99%,B组为98.5%,组间比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;对检查满意度A组为98.6%,B组为99.4%组间比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论清醒、睡眠两种不同麻醉深度下行无痛肠镜检查效果相同,清醒无痛肠镜能降低麻醉危险度、增加适应症、节约药物和时间、减少工作量,是一种安全、有效、可行的无痛肠镜检查方法。     

Clinical study of anesthetization by dezocine combined with propofol for indolent colonoscopy

AIM: To assess the use of dezocine combined with propofol for the anesthetization of patients undergoing indolent colonoscopy.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of patients undergoing indolent colonoscopy in the Xinjiang People’s Hospital was conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2015. The survey collected patient general information and anesthesia data, including overall medical experience and pain management. Thirty minutes after colonoscopy surgery, samples of venous blood were collected and the biochemical indicators of gastrointestinal function were analyzed.RESULTS: There were 98 female and 62 male respondents. Indolent colonoscopy was found to be more suitable for mid to older-aged patients. The necessary conditions for the diagnosis of digestive diseases were required in 65 of the 73 inpatients. Adverse reactions to the intraoperative process included two cases of body movement and two cases of respiratory depression. Gastrin and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels were slightly increased. However, somatostatin and endothelin levels were slightly decreased.CONCLUSION: This study revealed that dezocine combined with propofol can be successfully used for the anesthetization of indolent colonoscopy patients without pain and should be widely used.     

Negative impact of sedation on esophagogastric junction evaluation during esophagogastroduodenoscopy

AIM:To compare the esophagogastric junction(EGJ)areas observed in sedated and non-sedated patients during esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD).METHODS:Data were collected prospectively from consecutive patients who underwent EGD for various reasons.The patients were divided into three groups according to the sedation used:propofol,midazolam,and control(no sedation).The EGJ was observed during both insertion and withdrawal of the endoscope.The extent of the EGJ territory observed was classified as excellent,good,fair,or poor.In addition,the time the EGJ was observed was estimated.RESULTS:The study included 103 patients(50 males;mean age 58.44±10.3 years).An excellent observation was achieved less often in the propofol and midazolam groups than in the controls(27.3%,28.6%and91.4%,respectively,P<0.001).There was a significant difference in the time at which EGJ was observed among the groups(propofol 20.7±11.7 s vs midazolam 16.3±7.3 s vs control 11.6±5.8 s,P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that sedation use was the only independent risk factor for impaired EGJ evaluation(propofol,OR=24.4,P<0.001;midazolam,OR=25.3,P<0.001).Hiccoughing was more frequent in the midazolam group(propofol 9%vs midazolam25.7%vs control 0%,P=0.002),while hypoxia(SaO2<90%)tended to occur more often in the propofol group(propofol 6.1%vs midazolam 0%vs control 0%,P=0.101).CONCLUSION:Sedation during EGD has a negative effect on evaluation of the EGJ.     

异丙酚应用于结肠镜检查治疗术中的效果

目的　研究应用异丙酚作镇静麻醉用于结肠镜检查治疗术中的安全性、有效性和不良反应。方法　麻醉组 3 16例给予异丙酚静脉注射麻醉镇静结肠镜检查治疗 ,对照组 14 2例常规进行结肠镜诊疗 ,比较两组结肠镜操作时间及患者反应 ,观察麻醉组清醒时间及检查前、中、后血压、心率和血氧饱和度变化。结果　麻醉组 3 16例中 3 15例顺利完成检查 ,成功率 99.7% ,对照组 14 2例 ,13 6例完成检查 ,成功率为 95 8% ,两组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5)。麻醉组结肠镜到达回盲部的平均时间为 7 3± 1.4min ,对照为 12 .5± 1.6min(P <0 .0 5)。麻醉组患者清醒时间为 1min～ 8min。操作过程中均见一过性血压和心率下降 ,但检查结束后又恢复到原来水平。对照组操作过程中均有不同程度的血压升高 ,心率加快 ;两组操作前、中、后的SpO2 值无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　应用异丙酚作镇静麻醉于结肠镜检查治疗术安全有效 ,操作时间缩短 ,其不良反应明显低于常规结肠镜操作