烟台市发酵性调料中氨基甲酸乙酯污染状况调查

目的:探讨烟台市发酵调料中氨基甲酸乙酯(ethyl carbamate,EC)污染状况,对本地区发酵性调料的食品安全性进行调查与评估。方法:随机选取2011年烟台市超市及食品供销部的158份发酵食品,应用基质固相分散萃取(MSPD)技术GC/MS定量分析各类发酵调料食品中EC的含量。结果:(1)158份发酵性调料食品中阳性样品数为117份,阳性率为74.05%,其中黄酒及料酒中EC阳性率最高,平均含量分别为73.1μg/kg、66.4μg/kg,酱油和食醋中EC的含量相对较低,平均含量为40.3μg/kg、29.1μg/kg,腐乳EC平均含量为27.5μg/kg;(2)EC阳性腐乳样品数为36份,其中红腐乳19份,白腐乳17份,两组间EC含量水平无显著差异性。结论:烟台市发酵调料食品中普遍存在EC,其中黄酒及料酒中EC阳性率最高,且EC含量最高值为100.2 mg/L,发酵调料的食品安全问题应进一步加强监管、严格调控。     

液-液萃取稳定同位素内标法测定酒中氨基甲酸乙酯

目的建立液-液萃取稳定同位素稀释测定酒中氨基甲酸乙酯含量的方法。方法以氘代同位素D5-氨基甲酸乙酯为内标,用液-液萃取法稳定同位素稀释,气相色谱-质谱选择离子法测定。结果氨基甲酸乙酯的检出限为1.1μg/kg,回收率为90.7%-106.3%,RSD为2.6%。测定市售10种葡萄酒、15种白酒和20种黄酒,氨基甲酸乙酯含量分别为：葡萄酒5.57-20.7μg/kg、白酒5.8-297μg/kg、黄酒79.8-498μg/kg。结论液-液萃取法精密度和准确度高,简便快速,适用于酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的测定。     

同位素稀释-GC/MS法测定腐乳中氨基甲酸乙酯含量

目的:建立了一种用于腐乳中氨基甲酸乙酯含量的同位素稀释-气相色谱-质谱联用检测方法。方法:采用D5-氨基甲酸乙酯同位素稀释技术,C18和硅藻土固相萃取净化样品,然后用GC/MS测定样品中氨基甲酸乙酯。结果:该方法在腐乳中氨基甲酸乙酯的加标回收率在89%～99%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%,最低检测限达到2.0μg/kg。结论:方法净化效果好,检测灵敏度、准确度均满足检测要求,可作为腐乳中氨基甲酸乙酯含量检测的确证方法。     

2007-2008年中国谷物中隐蔽型脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及多组分真菌毒素污染状况

目的 了解我国部分地区谷物中隐蔽型脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON-3-G)及多组分真菌毒素污染状况.方法 2007-2008年在河南、河北、广西、安徽、四川、重庆和江苏7个省(市、自治区)采集玉米、小麦等样品共计446份,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法检测样品中DON-3-G及多组分真菌毒素[包括脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(NIV)等]的污染状况.结果 小麦、玉米中污染的主要真菌毒素为DON及其衍生物和ZEN.88%(169/192)的小麦样品中检出DON(1.5～590.7μg/kg;中位数:30.8μg/kg);22.9%(44/192)的小麦样品中ZEN阳性(1.7～3425.0 μg/kg;中位数:8.0μg/kg),其中有6份样品中ZEN含量超过我国规定的限量标准(60μg/kg).50.5%(103/204)的玉米样品中DON阳性(1.6～4374.4 μg/kg;中位数:94.9μg/kg),7份样品中DON含量超过我国规定的限量标准(1000μg/kg);41.7%(85/204)的玉米样品中ZEN阳性(1.6～4808.7 μg/kg;中位数:48.5μg/kg),其中有37份超过我国规定的限量标准(60 μg/kg).首次在国产小麦和玉米中检出DON-3-G,小麦、玉米样品中DON-3-G中位数分别为21.4μg/kg和34.6 μg/kg,小麦中DON-3-G均高于3-乙酰化DON(3-A-DON,中位数:4.1μg/kg)和15-乙酰化DON(15-A-DON,中位数:3.1μg/kg)(t值分别为5.111和5.966,P值均<0.01);玉米中15-A-DON(中位数:48.6μg/kg)高于3-A-DON(中位数:6.8 μg/kg)(t=-3.579,P<0.01).玉米中DON、DON-3-G、3-A-DON、15-A-DON和ZEN的污染水平均高于小麦(Z值分别为-3.492、-1.960、-2.467、-8.711和-6.272,P值均<0.05),而NIV在小麦中水平(中位数:29.0μg/kg)高于玉米(中位数:18.2μg/kg)(Z=-2.086,P<0.05).结论 我国部分地区小麦、玉米被多组分真菌毒素污染,以DON检出率最高;玉米中受DON、DON-3-G、3-A-DON、15-A-DON和ZEN的污染比小麦重.

Abstract：

Objective To elucidate the natural occurrence of masked deoxynivalenol (DON-3-G)and other multi-mycotoxins in cereals from parts of China. Methods A total of 446 corn and wheat samples harvested in 2007 and 2008 collected from Henan, Hebei, Guangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Chongqing and Jiangsu provinces were analyzed for DON-3-G and other multi-mycotoxins (including deoxynivalenol (DON),zearalenone(ZEN), nivalenol (NIV), et al) by UPLC-MS/MS. Results Corn and wheat samples were mainly contaminated by DON and its derivatives as well as ZEN. 88% (169/192) of wheat samples were positive for DON (range: 1.5-590. 7 μg/kg; median: 30. 8 μg/kg) ;22. 9% (44/192) of wheat samples were contaminated with ZEN (range: 1. 7-3425.0 μg/kg; median: 8.0 μg/kg) and six samples contained ZEN concentration higher than the ZEN tolerance limit of 60 μg/kg. DON was detected in 50. 5% (103/204) corn samples (range: 1.6-4374. 4 μg/kg; median: 94. 9 μg/kg); Seven samples contained DON exceeding the tolerance limit of 1000 μg/kg for DON. Additionally, ZEN was found in 41.7% (85/204) corn samples with the concentration between 1.6 μg/kg and 4808.7 μg/kg (median:48.5 μg/kg)and there were 37 corn samples with ZEN level in the excess of tolerance limit for ZEN (60 μg/kg). DON-3-G was detected in corn and wheat samples for the first time in China with the median level of 21.4 μg/kg and 34. 6 μg/kg for wheat and corn,respectively. Wheat was more heavily contaminated with DON-3-G than both 3-aeetly-DON (3-A-DON,median:4. 1μg/kg) and 15-acetly-DON (15-A-DON,median :3. 1 μg/kg)(t values were 5. 111 and 5. 966, respectively,both P values <0. 01). While,the level of 15-A-DON (median: 48. 6 μg/kg) in corn was higher than 3-A-DON (median: 6. 8 μg/kg) (t =-3. 579,P < 0. 01). The concentration of DON, DON-3-G, 3-A-DON, 15-A-DON and ZEN in corn were higher than that in wheat (Z values were-3. 492,-1. 960,-2. 467,-8. 711 and-6. 272, respectively,all P values < 0. 05). Wheat(median: 29. 0 μ.g/kg) contained higher NIV in comparison with corn(median:18.2 μg/kg,Z=-2.086,P<0.05). Conclusion Wheat and corn samples from parts of China were contaminated with multi-mycotoxins and DON was the predominant;in comparison of wheat,corn was more heavily contaminated with DON, DON-3-G,3-A-DON, 15-A-DON and ZEN.     

酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的测定分析

目的建立酒中氨基甲酸乙酯含量的测定方法。方法以氘代同位素为内标,采用硅藻土固相萃取柱进行萃取,乙醚洗脱,气相色谱-质谱选择离子法测定。结果氨基甲酸乙酯的检出限为2.0μg/L,回收率为91.0%~102.0%,RSD为1.8%。采用本方法测定了河南市场上13种葡萄酒、25种白酒、12种黄酒、5种调料酒中氨基甲酸乙酯含量,结果为:葡萄酒3.5~246.4μg/kg、白酒6.9~485.5μg/kg、黄酒10.4~332.9μg/kg、调料酒24.9~49.1μg/kg。结论本方法精密度和准确度高,且简便快捷,适用于酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的测定。     

Chromium Geochemistry and Bioaccumulation in Sediments from the Lower Hackensack River, New Jersey

Total and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] were measured in sediment and sediment porewater in the lower Hackensack River (NJ) to assess the relationship between sediment geochemistry and chromium speciation, which in turn controls the mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity of chromium. Between 2003 and 2005, >100 surface (0 to 15 cm) sediment samples were tested for total chromium and Cr(VI), acid-volatile sulfides (AVS), ferrous iron (Fe(II)), divalent manganese (Mn(II)), ammonia, and organic carbon. Sediment porewater samples were collected by centrifugation or using in situ samplers colocated with the collection of sediments. In whole sediments, total chromium and Cr(VI) concentrations ranged from 5 to 9190 mg/kg dry weight (dw) and from <0.47 to 31 mg/kg dw, respectively. Sediment porewater concentrations ranged from <10 to 83 μg/l for total chromium; Cr(VI) was not detected in sediment porewater (n = 78). Concentrations of AVS (ranging between <10.6 to 4178 mg/kg) and other geochemistry measurements indicated anoxic, reducing conditions in the majority of sediment samples. In polychaetes (Nereis virens) and clams (Macoma nasuta) exposed in the laboratory for 28 days to sediments contained between 135 and 1780 mg/kg dw total chromium, concentrations in whole tissues after 24-hour depuration ranged between 1.2 and 14.8 mg/kg wet weight (ww; median 1.6 mg/kg ww) total chromium. In whole tissues of indigenous polychaetes collected from the sediment, tissue concentrations of total chromium ranged between 1.0 and 37.5 mg/kg ww (median = 2.1 mg/kg ww). Chromium concentrations in whole tissues of animals exposed in the field or in the laboratory showed no relationship with total chromium or Cr(VI) concentrations in the sediment. There were no statistical differences among animals exposed to sediments from site and reference locations. The results of this study are consistent with sediment studies conducted elsewhere indicating low chromium bioavailability in sediment under reducing conditions. This study also highlights the importance of sediment geochemistry and in situ porewater measurements to understand the ecological significance of chromium in sediment and the potential for human health and ecological exposures.     

雷米芬太尼对全麻患者气管插管期平均动脉压、心率和QTc间期延长的影响

Objective To evaluate the effect of remifentanil on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and QTc interval during tracheal intubation of general anesthesia patients. Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ grade patients were selected and allocated to receive either saline (group C), remifentanil 0.50 μg/kg (group R1) or remifentanil 0.75 μg/kg(group R2) by random digits table with 25 cases in each, they were administrated as a bolus intravenous, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.10 μg/ (kg·min), 1 min before laryngoscopy. All patients received fentanyl 3 μg/kg,propofol 1.0 - 1.5 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. The ECG.MAP and HR were recorded prior to induction of anesthesia (T0), 2 min following the start of drug intravenous of fentanyl and propofol with vecuronium (T1), 1 min following remifentanil or saline (T2), before laryngoscopy(T3), 30 s (T4), 2 min (T5) and 4 min (T6) after intubation. Results The QTc interval was significantly prolonged immediately following intubation in group C and group R1, but it remained stable in group R2, compared with the QTc interval just before laryngoscopy. In group R2, QTc interval was significantly shorter at T4-T6 compared to group C(P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). QTc interval significantly increased from baseline at T4 in group R1 and T4-T6 in group C (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). The number of patients with QTc interval ＞ 440 ms were significantly greater immediately following tracheal intubation in group C than that in group R2 [44% (11/25) vs. 12% (3/25)] (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions QTc interval increases following tracheal intubation during induction of anesthesia using fentanyl and propofol. Intravenous of remifentanil attenuates the QTc interval prolongation associated with tracheal intubation. In addition, remifentanil decreases the hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation.     

子宫内B[a]P暴露与子代鼠BPDE-DNA加合物及胰腺功能损伤的关系

目的 了解子宫内苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)暴露子代鼠体内二氢二醇环氧苯并[a]芘(BPDE)-DNA加合物水平,以及对胰腺功能损伤和糖代谢的影响.方法 40只母鼠随机分为空白对照组、标准剂量组[2 μg/(kg·d)]、低剂量组[200μg/(kg·d)]、中剂量组[800 μg/(kg·d)]和高剂量组[1 600 ...     

雷米芬太尼对全麻患者气管插管期平均动脉压、心率和QTc间期延长的影响

目的 观察和评价雷米芬太尼对全麻患者气管插管期平均动脉压(MAP)、心率和QTc间期的影响.方法 选取择期全麻手术患者75例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,按随机数字表法分为三组:对照组(C组)、雷米芬太尼Ⅰ组(R1组)和雷米芬太尼Ⅱ组(R2组),每组25例.麻醉诱导:静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg、普鲁泊福1.0～1.5 mg/kg和维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg后2 min,双盲法≥40 s给予雷米芬太尼0.50 μg/kg(R1组)或0.75μg/kg(R2组)后,两组分别连续输注雷米芬太尼0.10μg/(kg·min);C组患者给予相同容量的0.9%氯化钠.记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后2 min(T1)、首次给予雷米芬太尼或0.9%氯化钠后1 min(T2)、气管插管前即刻(T3)及气管插管后30 s(T4)、2 min(T5)和4 min(T6)的MAP和心率,并描记心电图.结果 与C组比较,R2组T4～T6时QTc间期明显缩短(P＜0.05或＜0.01＝;R,组T4和C组T4～T6时QTc间期较T0明显延长(P＜0.05或＜0.01).C组气管插管期OTc间期＞440ms 11例(44%,11/25),R2组3例(12%,3/25),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 芬太尼和普鲁泊福麻醉诱导气管插管期间患者的QTc间期是延长的;插管前1 min静脉注射雷米芬太尼0.75μg/kg,继以0.10 μg/(kg·min)输注可有效抑制气管插管诱发QTc间期延长和血流动力学反应.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of remifentanil on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and QTc interval during tracheal intubation of general anesthesia patients. Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ grade patients were selected and allocated to receive either saline (group C), remifentanil 0.50 μg/kg (group R1) or remifentanil 0.75 μg/kg(group R2) by random digits table with 25 cases in each, they were administrated as a bolus intravenous, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.10 μg/ (kg·min), 1 min before laryngoscopy. All patients received fentanyl 3 μg/kg,propofol 1.0 - 1.5 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. The ECG.MAP and HR were recorded prior to induction of anesthesia (T0), 2 min following the start of drug intravenous of fentanyl and propofol with vecuronium (T1), 1 min following remifentanil or saline (T2), before laryngoscopy(T3), 30 s (T4), 2 min (T5) and 4 min (T6) after intubation. Results The QTc interval was significantly prolonged immediately following intubation in group C and group R1, but it remained stable in group R2, compared with the QTc interval just before laryngoscopy. In group R2, QTc interval was significantly shorter at T4-T6 compared to group C(P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). QTc interval significantly increased from baseline at T4 in group R1 and T4-T6 in group C (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). The number of patients with QTc interval ＞ 440 ms were significantly greater immediately following tracheal intubation in group C than that in group R2 [44% (11/25) vs. 12% (3/25)] (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions QTc interval increases following tracheal intubation during induction of anesthesia using fentanyl and propofol. Intravenous of remifentanil attenuates the QTc interval prolongation associated with tracheal intubation. In addition, remifentanil decreases the hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation.     

Blepharis persica increases testosterone biosynthesis by modulating StAR and 3β-HSD expression in rat testicular tissues

Objective:To evaluate the effect of methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract prepared from the seeds of Blepharis(B.)persica on testosterone biosynthesis and also to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Methods:Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups(n=6 per group).GroupⅠreceived 0.3%w/w gum acacia suspension p.o.and served as the normal control group.GroupⅡwas administered testosterone propionate in arachis oil i.m.as the positive control group.GroupⅢtoⅣreceived B.persica methanolic extract p.o.at doses of 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight.GroupⅥtoⅦreceived B.persica ethyl acetate fraction p.o.at doses of 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight.The testis was used for biochemical estimation and histological studies.The effects of methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of B.persica on testicular testosterone,mRNA expression corresponding to steroidogenic acute regulatory protein(StAR)and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(3β-HSD)along with 3β-HSD enzyme assay were evaluated in testicular tissues and sperm concentration.Ethyl acetate fraction of B.persica was subjected to column chromatography.Invitro studies were performed using TM3 cell line at three dose levels(50,100,200μg/mL),each for methanolic extract,ethyl acetate fraction and 2-benzoxazolinone for evaluation of their comparative effect on testosterone production.Results:Ethyl acetate fraction and methanolic extract of B.persica could elevate the testicular testosterone content compared to the normal control group.The treatment with methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of B.persica increased the expression of mRNA corresponding to StAR by 6.7 fold and 10.6 fold,respectively,whereas the mRNA expression of 3β-HSD increased by 5.7 fold and 7.3 fold,respectively.Moreover,fraction and extract treatment exhibited increased 3β-HSD activity in the testicular tissues and were found to elevate sperm concentration in seminal fluid.The spermatogenic potential was further ensured by histological observations.2-benzoxazolinone was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction and identified using spectral studies.It showed the ability to increase the testosterone content in the TM3 Leydig cells.Conclusions:Methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of B.persica are able to increase the testicular testosterone in rats by elevating mRNA expression of StAR and 3β-HSD in testicular tissues,leading to increase the sperm concentration.     

2011年昆明市市售酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的检测与分析

目的建立固相萃取GC-MS法测定酒中氨基甲酸乙酯(EC),并对昆明市市售酒中EC含量进行检测。方法固相柱萃取净化后,5%乙酸乙酯/乙醚洗脱浓缩,GC-MS法对36个市售酒样中氨基甲酸乙酯进行定量分析。结果该方法检出限为2.0μg/kg,回收率83.95%～91.78%,RSD5%。市售酒的EC含量范围为31.31～1 618.19 g/kg;其中,白酒(26件)中EC含量最高的是瓶装糯谷香酒,含量达1618.19 g/kg;含量最低的是瓶装大麦酒,含量31.31 g/kg。结论 36个样品中均检测出EC,制定我国酒类中EC的限量标准很有必要。     

绍兴特产食品化学污染水平分析

目的：了解绍兴特产食品化学污染状况,为减少食品污染提供科学依据。方法：参照建立全国食品污染物监测系统和全球食品污染物监测规划（GEMS/FOOD）中推荐监测项目,对绍兴特产食品黄酒、干菜、腐乳、香糕、酱鸭进行了铅、砷、镉、有机氯、有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、合成色素、山梨酸、苯甲酸、亚硝酸盐的监测。结果：绍兴特产食品中铅、总砷、镉含量的检出率分别是80.63%、95.65%和92.86%,铅、砷合格率分别是99.21%和100%。酱鸭镉合格100%,其他绍兴特产食品镉无相应的国家标准。绍兴特产食品铅合格率高于全省其他食品,与本地其他食品比较无显著性差异。绍兴黄酒有机磷残留,菊酯类残留均未检出。有机氯残留检出率48.00%,无相应国家标准,黄酒中有机氯残留与原料大米有机氯再残留有关。腐乳防腐剂100%合格,干菜苯甲酸合格率98.04%。酱鸭亚硝酸盐超标22.00%,胭脂红超标13.00%。结论：绍兴特产食品化学污染状况总体较好。但要加强监督力度,尤其是集贸市场、个体商贩、小加工作坊的监督。     

豆类发酵食品中维生素B_(12)的分离与定量

植物性食物不含维生素B_(12),但我们曾发现发酵食品中可检出维生素B_(12)活性物质。为了进一步确定这类食品中具有生理作用的钴维生素含量,建立了维生素B_(12)生物自显谱面积定量法,其要点如次:豆类发酵食品提取液点于滤纸上,以仲丁醇—水—氢氧化铵—5％氰化钾(100:50:1:0.25)为扩展剂,下行扩展,24—72小时后取出干燥,然后置于含有E、Coli44110及2,3,5—三苯基四唑(鎓)化氯的营养琼脂培养基上,显谱后测量生长圈面积,计算样品中钴维生素含量。 用上述方法测定了两种豆类发酵食品,其钴维生素含量均值:每百克臭豆付乳中含0.97μg,酱豆付乳含0.4μg。与动物性食品相比,这两种豆类发酵食品可视为维生素B_(12)较好来源。     

2011年宁波地区南三县食品安全评价性抽验结果的分析

目的:了解宁海、奉化、象山三县市售豆制品、酒类及干制水产品卫生状况,为食品安全监管提供科学依据。方法:在市场流通及生产环节采集了三大类8个品种的食品安全评价性抽验样品406份,按相关国家标准和方法进行检测,并对结果进行分析。结果:本组食品检测合格率为82.27%,项次合格率96.69%,其中非发酵性豆制品、黄酒、啤酒、葡萄酒和白酒样品的合格率均在90%以上,卤制类豆制品(75%)及虾干(52%)、鱼鲞(51.85%)等产品的合格率偏低。结论:本组食品的微生物指标不合格现象比较突出,预示引起急性群体性食物中毒安全事件的风险较大,相关部门应进一步加强监管。     

2006年沧州市市售常用食物的价格与几种营养成份含量调查

[目的]了解市售常用食物的价格与几种营养成份含量,以便为低收入家庭提供营养价值较高且价格便宜的食物。[方法]2006年6月,在河北省沧州市调查市售居民主要常用食物的价格,分析其营养素的含量。[结果]提供20 g优质蛋白食物价格最便宜的前4种食物是豆腐（0.21元）、熏香干（0.25元）、豆浆（0.37元）、青豆（0.67元）。各种蔬菜、水果中,0.5元人民币获取维生素C最多的4种是尖青辣椒（118.80 mg）、茴香（89.00 mg）、鲜大葱（60.75 mg）、油菜（50.00 mg）,获取胡萝卜素最多的4种是茴香（7 509μg）、韭菜（5 147μg）、西红柿（1 153μg）、青柿子椒（1 014μg）,获取维生素B2最多的5种是韭菜（0.87 mg）、白桑椹（0.20 mg）、茴香（0.20 mg）、鲜大葱（0.18 mg）、油菜（0.18 mg）。[结论]富含优质蛋白质的价廉食物是大豆及其制品,富含维生素C、B2和胡萝卜素的价廉食物是青辣椒、茴香、韭菜、大葱、油菜等。     

Acrylamide levels in cooked rice,tomato sauces and some fast food on the Italian market

This study reports the results of evaluation of acrylamide levels in some foods that are common on the Italian market. Three foods commonly found in the national diet (rice, tomato sauce and fast food), were examined with the gas chromatograph (GC)/mass spectrometer (MS) analytical method. Results show that rice differs from risotto with respect to acrylamide levels: values of less than 50 μg/kg, for boiled rice, increase to 113 μg/kg when various ingredients are added to produce risotto. Similar results were found for tomato sauce on the Italian market: acrylamide values were less than 50 μg/kg for simple tomato sauce, to 124 μg/kg when other ingredients such as olives and capers were added. Fast foods (e.g., fried potatoes) contained the highest observed acrylamide levels, probably from cooking methods and acrylamide-rich precursors. For two fried potatoes of the same type, very differentiated values resulted (136 and 294 μg/kg).     

非发酵性豆制品中柠檬黄、胭脂红和日落黄的测定

目的:建立准确简便的用于非发酵性豆制品中柠檬黄、胭脂红和日落黄含量检测的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法:将样品粉碎均匀,加入乙醇+氨水+水(7+2+1)的提取液直接提取样品中的色素,采用反相高效液相色谱法,以甲醇-0.02 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测。结果:柠檬黄、胭脂红、日落黄三种色素在浓度范围为0.1μg/ml～50μg/ml线性良好,样品加标回收率为84.1%～104.4%,方法相对标准偏差RSD<5%,方法最低定量限为柠檬黄0.15 mg/kg、胭脂红0.30 mg/kg、日落黄0.25 mg/kg。结论:该方法前处理简单、检测灵敏度高、重现性好。     

2019—2021年杭州市居民主要膳食的镉暴露风险评估

目的 了解杭州市居民主要消费食品中镉（cadmium,Cd）的污染状况,对居民膳食镉暴露的健康风险进行评估。方法 对2019—2021年采集的588份市售食品样品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS法）进行Cd含量的测定,并对居民主要膳食的镉暴露风险进行评估。结果 杭州市居民每月膳食Cd的平均总暴露量为8.32μg/（kg·BW）,为PTMI的33.3%。高暴露水平下,居民每月主要膳食Cd的总暴露量（P90值）为18.2μg/（kg·BW）,为PTMI的72.8%。膳食Cd暴露的主要来源为主食类、蔬菜类、鱼虾类食品,其对居民主要膳食Cd平均暴露量的贡献比值依次为57.7%、22.6%、10.2%。结论 杭州市居民主要消费的8类食品的Cd污染程度相对较低,膳食Cd暴露风险总体处于可接受水平,而高暴露水平下的居民膳食Cd的暴露风险仍需引起关注。