改良动脉化游离静脉皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

目的报道改良动脉化游离静脉皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的方法。方法取同侧前臂双干静脉皮瓣,在两静脉干之间行连续“w”锯齿状切开处理,切开脂肪组织深至真皮下血管网,切断大部分交通支．保留少部分交通支,保证真皮下血管网的完整,可顺行或逆行移植。对14例软组织缺损患者,应用14块动脉化静脉皮瓣进行游离移植修复．并同时将前臂皮神经内、外侧的分支桥接移植指神经。结果术后14块皮瓣均成活,9块无明显肿胀与正常动静脉皮瓣相似,5块轻度肿胀伴水疱形成。术后随访12例,失访2例,时间6-12个月,平均8个月。皮瓣质地、外形及功能均较满意,两点辨别觉7～10mm．平均8．5mm。结论改良动脉化游离静脉皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损是一种可供选择的良好方法。     

应用游离皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损

目的报道应用游离动脉化静脉皮瓣修复多指皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法选取双侧前臂前区近端内侧或腕前区静脉网为中心设计皮瓣，每侧切取2块或1块皮瓣，选择沿前臂纵轴方向切取，沿深筋膜层面掀起，皮瓣内尽可能多保留较粗的静脉干。切取静脉皮瓣后，倒置，覆盖于对应面积的伤指，各指皮瓣吻合血管方法依受区可吻合血管不同选择动脉-动脉或动脉-静脉方式。结果临床应用修复5例，各伤指修复的皮瓣存活，供区伤口Ⅰ期愈合。随访半年，皮瓣肤色红润，与受区皮色相近，稍臃肿。结论应用游离动脉化静脉皮瓣修复多指皮肤软组织缺损，是一种比较实用、有效的术式。     

皮瓣移植修复下肢软组织缺损疗效分析

目的：分析下肢软组织缺损采用皮瓣移植术式和疗效。方法：应用9种类型皮瓣移植修复下肢软组织缺损158例，其中游离皮瓣移植96例，带血管蒂皮瓣转移修复62例，结果：随访1－14年，有2例动脉游离皮瓣坏死；2例静脉动脉化皮瓣坏死；3例未吻合感觉神经的皮瓣足底反复溃疡；3例腹壁皮瓣过于臃肿。结论：（1）皮瓣移植是修复下肢软组织缺损的有效方法。（2）修复下肢软组织缺损尽量用转移皮瓣慎用游离皮瓣；（3）游离皮瓣最好吻合感觉神经。（4）前臂足背皮瓣选择要慎重。     

带掌长肌腱的改进双干型动脉化静脉皮瓣的应用

目的 探讨手指皮肤软组织伴肌腱同时缺损的修复方法和效果. 方法 根据手指皮肤软组织及肌腱缺损情况,在同侧前臂远端以掌长肌腱为中心设计皮瓣,皮瓣内包含掌长肌腱和2条纵向并行的静脉.将皮瓣的脂肪全部清除,保留皮瓣的真皮下血管网,然后显露并切断2条静脉之间的微小交通支,保护腱周血管网,注意避免掌长肌腱与皮瓣分离.皮瓣顺行放置手指创面,皮瓣的掌长肌腱修复手指的肌腱缺损.在放大10倍的手术显微镜下,皮瓣的1条静脉远端或近端与伤指的指固有动脉吻合,另一端结扎;另1条静脉近端与指背或指腹静脉吻合,远端结扎.应用带掌长肌腱的改进双干型动脉化静脉皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织及肌腱缺损5例5指. 结果 术后5例皮瓣均成活,经4～22个月随访,皮瓣生长良好,柔软、弹性好,按TAM法疗效评定,优1例,良3例,中1例. 结论 带掌长肌腱的双干型改进动脉化静脉皮瓣移植修复手指皮肤软组织伴肌腱缺损临床效果良好.     

游离静脉皮瓣在修复手指皮肤软组织缺损中的应用

目的 总结游离静脉皮瓣在修复手指近中节皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 采用同侧前臂游离静脉皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损,根据缺损部位选用动脉一静脉营养方式皮瓣内静脉干的原远端与受区动脉吻合,静脉干的原近端与受区的静脉近端吻合.结果 术后皮瓣均成活,外观及功能良好.结论 游离静脉皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损,疗效确切,是一种较理想的方法.     

改良单干型-静脉动脉化皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的体会

目的:探讨通过结扎静脉干方法的改良单干型-静脉动脉化皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的临床效果及临床意义。方法:回顾分析2010年3月至2018年12月收治并获得随访的改良单干型-静脉动脉化皮瓣修复手指缺损伴深部组织外露创面共12例13指的临床资料,对皮瓣的成活、质地、外观及修复手指的功能恢复情况进行评价。术后通过门诊随访7例,...     

动脉化静脉皮瓣修复手指复合组织缺损的疗效观察

目的:总结逆静脉瓣供血、顺静脉瓣回流的动脉化静脉皮瓣在急诊中修复手指血管及软组织缺损的临床效果.方法:对手指血管及皮肤软组织缺损36例患者,均采用同侧前臂游离动脉化静脉皮瓣,形成逆静脉瓣供血、顺静脉瓣回流的动脉化静脉皮瓣修复创面.结果:36例皮瓣中34例完全成活,2例出现部分表皮坏死,脱痂后愈合.术后随访3个月~2年,平均12个月,按中华医学会手外科学会上肢功能评定标准,优15指,良21指.结论:逆静脉瓣供血、顺静脉瓣回流的动脉化静脉皮瓣是目前修复手指血管及软组织缺损的一种较理想的方法.     

髂腰真皮下血管网轴型皮瓣在手部创面修复中的应用

目的:研究一种用于上肢远端皮肤软组织缺损的理想修复方法。方法:选择27例上肢远端(前臂及手部)皮肤软组织缺损创面进行修复研究。在同侧髂腰部设计所需大小和形状的髂腰轴型皮瓣,将该皮瓣进行精细减薄制成真皮下血管网轴型皮瓣,皮瓣中的旋髂浅动脉完好保留,带蒂转移修复上肢远端创面,3周后断蒂完成修复。结果:本组27个髂腰真皮下血管网轴型皮瓣移植后全部成活。12个月后随访18例,皮瓣组织无肿胀,表面美学效果满意,皮瓣感觉恢复较好。结论:髂腰轴型真皮下血管网带蒂皮瓣移植是修复上肢远端皮肤软组织缺损的理想方法。     

应用含有U或V型静脉干动脉化静脉皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损

2006年11月至2009年11月,我们应用含有U或V型静脉干的动脉化静脉皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损患者共18例24块皮瓣,获得较好的临床效果. 1 一般资料 本组共18例24块皮瓣,2块皮瓣修复虎口,9块皮瓣修复手指背侧的皮肤缺损,其余13块均用来修复手指掌侧的皮肤缺损.皮瓣面积:3.0 cm×2.5 cm～10.0 cm ×5.0 cm.皮瓣移植到受区后血管吻合方式:动脉逆行静脉顺行21块,动脉顺行静脉逆行3块.供区面积小的直接闭合,较大的采用全厚皮片移植修复.     

静脉动脉化皮瓣在复杂手指外伤中的应用

目的探讨游离静脉动脉化皮瓣在修复合并双侧指动脉损伤及皮肤缺损的手指外伤中的疗效。方法2002年3月-2005年7月应用游离静脉动脉化皮瓣移植修复同时合并双侧指动脉损伤及皮肤缺损的手指外伤患者11例12指,缺损面积0．5 cm×2．0 cm-2．0 cm×4．5 cm,术中行静脉动脉化皮瓣10指,静脉干动脉化皮瓣2指。结果除1例合并真菌感染部分坏死外,其余皮瓣均顺利成活。术后所有患者获得2-24个月(平均8个月)随访,皮瓣皮质接近正常,按中华医学会手功能评定标准评定:优2指,良7指,中2指,差1指,优良率为75％,皮瓣感觉部分恢复。结论游离静脉动脉化皮瓣是修复双侧指动脉损伤及皮肤缺损的手指外伤有效方法,值得临床上推广应用。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.