A Comparison of the Activity of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin with Other Agents Against Respiratory Tract Pathogens

Abstract

In a study involving 15 UK hospitals, sequential respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were studied. The susceptibility of these strains to two fluoro-quinolones, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were compared to those of currently used macrolides and β-lactams.

The activity of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against S. pneumoniae was not statistically significantly different (geometric mean MIC 0.978 and 0.95 mg/L respectively). β-lactam resistance did not affect fluoroquinolone susceptibility. H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis were highly susceptible to both fluoro-quinolones.     

膀胱肿瘤切除术后尿路感染病原菌分布及相关因素分析

目的 对经尿道行膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)的患者进行术后尿路感染情况调查,并探讨其相关因素及相应的预防措施.方法 采用回顾性调查法对接受TURBT的患者的尿路感染情况以及其他有关的临床数据资料进行统计分析.结果 92例患者在术后留置尿液中的细菌培养有阳性41例,总发生率44.6％;共检测出45株病原菌,其中革兰阳性球菌10株,占22.2％;革兰阴性杆菌35株,占77.8％;主要菌种是肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌及肠球菌属,未检测到真菌.TURBT术后发生尿路感染除与手术操作及留置导尿管有关外,还与高龄、糖尿病、肿瘤位点多发、术前已有留置导尿管有关.结论 手术全程无菌操作,手术用器械、纱布严格消毒,手术过程尽量防止损伤组织黏膜,选择合适的导管,确保留置的导尿位置合适,妥善放置和固定尿管,确保其通畅,对其他一些基础疾病加强治疗,能有效地减少TURBT术后的尿路感染现象发生.     

老年卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染常见病原菌分析及药敏实验

目的 调查与分析老年卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染常见病原菌及药敏实验结果 .方法 选取68例老年卵巢癌术后尿路感染患者为研究对象,对其尿液病原菌检出情况进行分析与比较,并对病原菌的药敏实验结果 进行分析与比较.结果 68例老年卵巢癌术后尿路感染患者共检出75株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌检出率明显高于革兰阳性菌及真菌的检出率,革兰阳性菌检出率则显著高于真菌的检出率,革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林、哌拉西林及环丙沙星的耐药率显著高于对其他药物的耐药率,革兰阳性菌对青霉素、红霉素及苯唑西林的耐药率显著高于对其他药物的耐药率,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论 老年卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染常见病原菌为革兰阴性菌,且革兰阴性菌及革兰阳性菌对常规抗菌药物的耐药性均较为突出,应针对其病原菌分布及耐药性情况给予针对性干预.     

Comparison of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole,Cephadroxil and Cefprozil as Prophylaxis for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of prophylactic trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), cefprozil and cephadroxil treatments in children who have recurrent urinary tract infection, but no urinary tract pathology. After acute urinary tract infections (UTIs) were treated, the patients were divided into 3 groupsrandomly and TMP/SMZ was given to 21 patients, cephadroxil was given to 25 patients and cefprozil was given to 34 patients for 3 months—one dose at night. All patients were followed for 6 months following prophylaxis. The frequency of symptomatic UTIs among groups during prophylaxis was not statistically different, however the number of symptomatic UTIs in the cephadroxil group was lower than the other groups. Asymptomatic bacteriuria episodes were detected in TMP/SMZ and cefprozil groups, whereas no asymptomatic bacteriuria episodes were seen in the cephadroxil group. The number of patients with symptomatic UTI during the follow-up period was not different between groups, however all the asymptomatic bacteriuria episodes were encountered in the cefprozil group. In conclusion, in this study cephadroxil was found to be slightly superior to TMP/SMZ and cefprozil in preventing asymptomatic bacteriuria episodes and symptomatic UTIs in children with recurrent UTI and normal urinary tract system.