HGPIN患者血清PSA特征及首次穿刺活检HGPIN阳性针数对再次活检PCa检出率的影响

目的 考察高级别前列腺上皮内瘤(HGPIN)患者血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)特征和首次穿刺活检HGPIN阳性针数对再次活检前列腺癌(PCa)检出率的影响.方法 使用穿刺活检法对551例疑似为PCa患者进行诊断.依据诊断结果比较各组间血清PSA水平以及首次穿刺活检HGHN阳性针数组间再次活检PCa检出率.结果 活检结果显示37.0％(204/551)患者为PCa患者,43.6％(240/551)患者为良性前列腺增生(BPH),10.7％ (59/551)患者为低级别前列腺上皮内瘤(LGPIN),48例患者为HGPIN,其中阳性针数为1针者28例、2针者13例、3针及以上者7例.PCa、阳性针数为2针以上患者PSA水平显著高于BPH患者(P＜0.05).BHP患者复诊PCa检出率12.8％(6/47)、LGPIN患者10.3％ (3/29)、单灶HGPIN患者10.7％ (3/28)、双灶HGHN患者23.1％ (3/13)、三灶及以上HGPIN患者57.1％ (4/7).结论 单灶型HGPIN血清PSA水平较低,多灶型HGPIN血清PSA水平升高,且多灶型HGPIN再次活检时PCa检出率增加.     

单纯前列腺上皮内瘤回顾性分析(附142例病例分析)

目的通过对前列腺上皮内瘤(PIN)临床资料分析,探讨PIN的生物特性及应对策略。方法对31例无前列腺癌PIN(NPCaPIN)改变患者(其中1级23例,2、3级8例)的临床资料(包括患者血清PSA、fPSA/tPSA、PSA密度等区域计数资料以及穿刺标本免疫组织化学染色结果)进行回顾性分析,以同期确诊为前列腺癌(PCa)、良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者资料作为对照,分析低级别PIN(LGPIN)和高级别PIN(HGPIN)改变之间及NPCaPIN临床特征与PCa、BPH患者临床特征的差异。结果LGPIN和HGPIN改变的患者之间血清PSA水平和年龄存在差异(P<0.05);LGPIN和PCa患者之间血清PSA水平、前列腺体积、fPSA存在显著差异(P<0.01),PSA密度、fPSA/tPSA比值存在差异(P<0.05),和BPH患者之间各项均无明显差异;HGPIN改变和PCa患者之间前列腺体积、fPSA水平和年龄存在差异(P<0.05),和BPH患者之间血清PSA水平差异显著(P<0.01),fPSA/tPSA比值和年龄(P<0.05)存在差异;NPCaPIN和PCa患者之间血清前列腺体积、fPSA水平和年龄、血清PSA水平、PSA密度存在显著差异(P<0.01),和BPH患者之间fPSA/tPSA比值(P<0.05)存在差异。P63、AE1、AE3、P504S、PSA免疫组织化学结果NPCaPIN组类似于BPH而完全异于PCa。结论LGPIN的临床和病理特征与BPH相似,而HGPIN的临床和病理方面具有一定的前列腺恶性肿瘤特征,需要积极的临床追踪观察。     

前列腺上皮内瘤患者血清PSA及PSAD的特征及临床意义

目的 探讨血清总PSA(t-PSA)、血清游离PSA与总PSA比值(f/t)、前列腺体积(PV)及PSA密度(PSAD)与前列腺上皮内瘤(prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia,PIN)的相关性及临床意义.方法 收集我院2004年1月至2009年12月PIN患者165例,其中低级别PIN( low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia,LGPIN)31例,高级别PIN(high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia,HGPIN)134例;以病理确诊的BPH患者252例和前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)患者49例为对照组.BPH、LGPIN、HGPIN、PCa组年龄分别为(70.13±0.43)、(70.97±1.28)、(70.74±0.64)、(70.37±1.40)岁,IPSS分别为20.20±0.88、14.71±3.42、20.19±1.24、19.27±2.73,PV分别为(58.07±3.58)、(56.01±7.52)、(60.74±4.81)、(47.56±6.54)ml.分析比较4组间PSA、f/t、PSAD等的相关性和差异. 结果 4组年龄、IPSS和PV比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).BPH、LGPIN、HGPIN、PCa组PSA值分别为(5.65±0.38)、(5.86 ±0.81)、(8,91±0.71)、(13.80±1.83) μg/L,f/t平均值分别为0.26 ±0.01、0.24±0.02、0.22±0.01、0.17±0.01;PSAD值分别为(0.11±0.01)、(0.10±0.02)、(0.19±0.03)、(0.48 ±0.12)μg/(L·cm3).PSA、f/t和PSAD在LGPIN和HGPIN组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在LGPlN和BPH组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在LGPIN和PCa组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在HGPIN和BPH组间差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);PSA和PSAD在HGPIN与PCa组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HGPIN的ROC曲线中,血清PSA和PSAD的曲线下面积分别为0.6281和0.5919,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 血清PSA和PSAD在HGPIN的早期预测中有诊断价值;PSAD有利于在PSA和f/t正常时鉴别HGPIN与PCa;LGPIN的临床特点接近于BPH,HGPIN则倾向于PCa.     

前列腺特异性抗原持续异常患者前列腺重复穿刺活检的临床分析

目的 探讨PSA持续异常患者前列腺重复穿刺活检的诊断价值及适应证. 方法选取2004年1月至2011年9月首次穿刺活检诊断为前列腺良性病变但PSA持续异常的患者90例,其中BPH、正常前列腺组织及前列腺炎症患者组(BPH组)66例,前列腺上皮内瘤变(prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia,PIN)组10例,前列腺不典型小腺泡增生(atypical small acinar proliferation,ASAP)组14例.年龄43～86岁,平均71岁.PSA 3.1～168.0μg/L,平均17.6 μg/L.直肠指检(digital rectal examination,DRE)触及结节26例.采用模板定位经会阴重复穿刺活检. 结果 本组90例根据重复穿刺活检病理结果分为良性组57例,PIN或ASAP组5例,前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)组28例.其中BPH组发现PCa为14例(21.2％),PIN组发现PCa为6例(60.0％),ASAP组发现PCa为8例(57.1％),BPH组与PIN组、ASAP组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).BPH组重复穿刺活检诊断为良性组的平均前列腺体积为(65.9±22.6)ml,DRE阳性7例,PCa组为(50.4±20.8) ml,DRE阳性5例,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PIN组和ASAP组的患者重复穿刺活检结果显示年龄、PSA值、PSAD值、前列腺体积、DRE阳性例数在重复穿刺后诊断为良性组、PIN或ASAP组和PCa组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 对PSA持续异常患者行前列腺重复穿刺活检可以提高PCa的诊断率.首次穿刺诊断为BPH的患者,前列腺体积越小及DRE结果阳性者,若PSA持续升高,应强烈建议重复穿刺活检.首次穿刺诊断为PIN或ASAP的患者,不论年龄、PSA、PSAD、前列腺体积和DRE结果如何,均应建议重复穿刺活检.     

影响二次经直肠前列腺穿刺活检阳性率的因素分析

目的 探讨在二次经直肠前列腺穿刺活检中影响阳性率的因素.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月～2014年2月本院55例首次经直肠前列腺穿刺活检阴性并行二次经直肠前列腺穿刺活检的患者临床资料,依第二次穿刺活检结果分为前列腺癌组与非前列腺癌组.比较两组前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)相关参数及首次穿刺时病理结果的差异,并分析影响第二次穿刺活检阳性率的相关因素.结果 前列腺癌组家族史、前列腺特异性抗原速率(PSAV)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)水平与非前列腺癌组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);两组首次穿刺活检为高级别前列腺内皮瘤(HGPIN)、非典型小腺泡增生(ASAP)、慢性前列腺炎差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05);家族史、PSAV、PSAD、HGPIN、ASAP、穿刺针数为影响二次前列腺穿刺活检阳性率的相关因素.结论 对首次前列腺穿刺活检阴性的患者,结合患者的家族史、首次穿刺活检的病理结果(HGPIN、ASAP)及PSAV、PSAD等参数,可提高二次穿刺活检的肿瘤阳性率,减少不必要的漏诊及不必要的重复穿刺.     

血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义

目的探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)和前列腺移行带特异性抗原密度(PSAT)在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义。方法对192例患者行前列腺穿刺活检,其中PSA≥4ng/ml者184例,PSA<4ng/ml且直肠指诊及经直肠B超有阳性发现者8例。对PSA、PSAD和PSAT与前列腺穿刺活检的关系进行分析。结果192例患者中经前列腺穿刺诊断为前列腺癌(PCa)100例,活检阳性率52.1%,其中8例PSA<4ng/ml者中,活检结果为前列腺横纹肌肉瘤1例,良性前列腺增生7例;93例PSA>20ng/ml者中80例为PCa,活检阳性率86.0%;91例PSA4~20ng/ml者中19例为PCa,活检阳性率20.9%。血清PSA4~20ng/ml患者,PSAD>0.10或PSAT>0.10时,敏感性均为100%,特异性为11.1%或4.2%,阳性预测值为22.9%或21.6%,可避免8.8%(8/91)或3.3%(3/91)阴性穿刺结果。血清PSA4~20ng/ml时,前列腺穿刺阳性组和阴性组PSA分别为(13.2±4.7)和(11.4±4.6)ng/ml(P>0.05);PSAD分别为0.36±0.18和0.19±0.09(P=0.001);PSAT分别为0.67±0.36和0.32±0.18(P=0.000)。血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.613、0.810和0.833,PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积与PSA比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PSA>20ng/ml时应做前列腺穿刺活检;PSA4~20ng/ml时,PSAD和PSAT对预测患者是否行前列腺穿刺活检有较大帮助。     

PSA相关标志物在前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨在前列腺特异抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)灰区(PSA 4～10ng/mL)患者中,血清总PSA及游离PSA比值(f/tPSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)和(f/t) PSA/PSAD值对穿刺病理结果的诊断价值.方法 回顾2008年1月至2016年3月本院接受经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)引导下前列腺穿刺的患者929例,对其中249例PSA 4～ 10 ng/mL患者的临床资料进行了整理分析.根据病理结果,分为前列腺癌组(PCa组)38例(15.26％),前列腺增生组(BPH组)211例(84.74％).对患者年龄、tPSA、f/tPSA、体积、PSAD、(f/t) PSA/PSAD值进行统计学分析.结果 两组患者的年龄水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在f/tPSA、体积、(f/t) PSA/PSAD水平,BPH组大于PCa组;在tPSA、PSAD水平,PCa组大于BPH组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PCa组患者中f/tPSA或PSAD异常者32例,占84.21％:BPH组中f/tPSA或PSAD异常者110例,占52.13％,差异有统计学意义(X2=13.52,P ＜0.005).结论 f/tPSA和PSAD异常对PSA灰区的患者是否行前列腺穿刺具有指导意义.如果f/tPSA和PSAD结果相矛盾,f/tPSA联合PSAD、PSAD联合(f/t) PSA/PSAD的诊断价值相对较高.     

特异性抗原密度联合前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的价值

目的 :评价前列腺移行带特异性抗原密度 (PSAT)与前列腺穿刺活检联合检测在前列腺癌 (PCa)诊断中的价值。方法 :对 4 9例血清PSA >10 μg/L患者行前列腺穿刺活检后 ,部分给予重复穿刺及手术治疗 ,综合比较PSAT。结果 :4 9例中 ,前列腺活检病理检查诊断为PCa 2 4例 (4 8.98% ) ,良性前列腺增生 (BPH) 2 5例 (5 1.0 2 % ) ,其PSAT平均值分别为 (0 .6 1± 0 .11)、(0 .38± 0 .13) μg/L ,两者相比差别有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;后者行手术治疗后病理检查诊断为PCa 6例 (2 4 % ) ,BPH 19例 (76 % ) ,其PSAT平均值分别为 (0 .4 0± 0 .11)、(0 .32± 0 .0 7) μg/L ,两者相比差别有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :PSAT对PCa ,特别是早中期PCa的诊断 ,比前列腺穿刺活检更为敏感 ,二者联合检测对临床诊治有重要的价值和意义。     

血清游离态前列腺特异抗原水平在前列腺疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨血清游离态前列腺特异抗原(F—PSA)和总PSA(T—PSA)及F—PSA／T—PSA比值(F／T比值)在前列腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法：采用ELISA方法测定30例良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者和45例前列腺癌(PCa)患者血清F—PSA和T—PSA水平，并计算F／T比值。结果：BPH与PCa组患者T—PSA、F—PSA值经t检验差异有显著性意义(P＜0．05)，其F／T比值差异有极显著性意义(P＜0．01)，在PCa的诊断灰区(T—PSA值4.0—10．0μg/L)中，F—PSA及F／T比值能有效区分BPH与PCa(P＜0.05)，单独以T—PSA或F—PSA作为PCa的诊断指标，其敏感度虽高(88．89％，84.44％)，但其特异性较低(仅为53.33％，56．67％)，而以F／T比值作为PCa的诊断指标，在保持较高敏感度的同时，其特异性也可显著提高(P＜0．05)。结论：F—PSA及F／T比值的引入，使PSA作为PCa的诊断指标更为有效，尤其在PCa的诊断灰区，同时F／T比值可显著提高PSA对PCa诊断的特异性。     

外周血和组织炎性细胞在鉴别PSA4～10ng/ml的前列腺癌和前列腺增生中的临床意义

目的:评价外周血和前列腺组织炎性细胞在鉴别前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)4～10 ng/ml的前列腺癌(PCa)和良性前列腺增生(BPH)中的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析我院2013年10月～2018年10月PSA水平4～10 ng/ml的PCa和BPH患者共45例,其中PCa组患者20例,BPH组患者25例。PCa组患者行前列腺癌根治术后病理确诊,BPH组患者行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术或经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)后病理确诊。所有患者在行前列腺穿刺活检术前检测血常规,记录患者外周血中WBC、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞计数,分析外周血淋巴细胞与单核细胞比率(LMR)、中性粒细胞与单核细胞比率(NMR)和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率(NLR)等。同时收集患者术后病理石蜡切片,采用免疫组织化学(IHC)染色法检测前列腺组织中炎性细胞表达情况。结果:PCa组和BPH组患者外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞计数等指标比较差异无统计学意义。PCa组单核细胞计数明显低于BPH组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组LMR、NMR和NLR值比较差异无统计学意义。两组淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞表达比较差异无统计学意义,但BPH组单核细胞标志物CD14表达高于PCa组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:检测外周血和组织中单核细胞计数有助于诊断PSA浓度4～10 ng/ml的PCa患者。     

前列腺上皮内瘤诊治分析(附13例报告)

目的　探讨前列腺上皮内瘤 (PIN)的临床特征、诊断和处理。　方法　分析 13例PIN患者的临床资料。良性前列腺增生合并PIN 4例 (HGPIN 1例 ,LGPIN 3例 ) ,行TURP手术 3例 ,耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术 1例 ;前列腺癌并发PIN 8例 (均为HGPIN) ,行前列腺根治性切除术 5例 ,TURP手术 3例 ;体检发现LGPIN 1例 ,因血PSA持续升高 ,TURP术后给予雄激素全阻断治疗。　结果　 13例均经病理确诊 ,血PSA检测、直肠指诊和经直肠B超等检查对PIN诊断无意义。 4例BPH合并PIN患者均健康存活 (3～ 5年 ) ,1例 1年后随访活检发现进展为前列腺癌 ,行前列腺根治性切除术 ;5例前列腺癌并发PIN患者随访 2～ 5年后健康存活 ,1例死于其它疾病 ,2例失访 ;体检发现者 3个月后血PSA明显下降。　结论　病理检查是诊断PIN的惟一方法。对PIN应进行雄激素全阻断治疗并密切随访 ,定期穿刺活检是早期发现PIN恶变的有效方法。     

前列腺癌患者外周血Matriptase和VEGF检测及其临床意义

目的 联合检测前列腺癌患者外周血中Matriptase和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达、与前列腺癌临床参数的关系,探讨其临床意义。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附ELISA法检测47例前列腺癌（其中20例远处转移）、45例良性前列腺疾病（20例前列腺炎、2...     

Reassessing the diagnostic yield of saturation biopsy of the prostate

OBJECTIVE: Prostate biopsy remains the gold standard for detection of prostate cancer (PCa). This study was performed to determine whether saturation biopsy (>or= 24 cores) detects more prostate cancer than a standard 12-18 core office biopsy technique. METHODS: We conducted a nonrandomized cohort study of a consecutive series of prostate biopsies. The primary outcome assessed by both univariate and multivariate analysis was the detection of PCa, whereas the secondary outcomes of HGPIN (high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia) and ASAP (atypical small acinar proliferation) were also analyzed. RESULTS: From September 2005 to June 2006, a total of 469 patients undergoing prostate biopsy were included in this study. A standard office prostate biopsy was performed in 301 men, whereas 168 underwent a saturation biopsy. Age, body mass index (BMI), prostate volume, and family history of PCa were similar. However, patients in the saturation biopsy cohort were more likely to have had prior biopsies, higher prebiopsy PSA, longer PSA doubling times, and to carry more frequent diagnoses of HGPIN or ASAP (all p<0.05). After adjusting for covariates, saturation biopsy did not detect more abnormal pathology than standard office prostate biopsy, including PCa (OR, 1.2; p=0.339), HGPIN (OR, 1.4; p=0.368), or ASAP (OR, 2.2; p=0.201). CONCLUSIONS: Saturation biopsy does not appear to detect more abnormal prostate pathology than standard office biopsy of the prostate. This procedure may be associated with increased cost and patient morbidity.     

前列腺高级别上皮内瘤和良性前列腺增生患者血清的蛋白质组学研究

目的:探讨双向凝胶电泳和质谱技术在前列腺高级别上皮内瘤(HGPIN)和良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者血清蛋白质表达研究中的应用。方法:用双向凝胶电泳分离HGPIN和BPH患者血清总蛋白;从胶上切下表达有差异的兴趣蛋白质点,经胶内原位酶解后,用质谱仪测得其肽质量指纹谱;然后通过数据库检索鉴定蛋白质。结果:成功获得了HGPIN和BPH患者血清蛋白质的二维凝胶电泳图谱;HGPIN银染胶上检测到1421~1532个蛋白质点,BPH银染胶上检测到1466~1778个蛋白质点。经过比对,选择了9个蛋白质表达量相差5倍以上的蛋白质点进行质谱分析,并发现促瘤基因Serum amyloid A的表达产物在HGPIN中表达而在BPH中表达微弱或不表达。结论:用蛋白质组学对HGPIN和BPH患者的血清进行研究是可行的。可为HGPIN的临床早期无创性诊断以及发展变化提供实验依据。亦为今后从更高的水平来寻找前列腺疾病的功能蛋白质和差异性蛋白质,阐明前列腺疾病相互发生发展的分子生物学机制等研究提供了有益的探索。     

Systematic prostate biopsy before transurethral resection of the prostate

PURPOSE: With the aim of evaluating the clinical significance of systematic prostate biopsy before transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P), clinical data were reviewed retrospectively in patients who had underwent prostate biopsy prior to scheduled TUR-P. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July, 1994 and June, 2000, TUR-P was scheduled in a total number of 456 patients with clinically diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). RESULTS: In 218 (47.8%) out of 456 cases, prostatic biopsy was conducted prior to TUR-P due to abnormally elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels of 4.0 ng/ml or more, revealing only 22 (10.1%) cases of prostatic cancer. Between these 22 cases with biopsy proven prostatic cancer and 189 cases with BPH confirmed both by biopsy and following TUR-P, statistically significant differences were noted in age (p < 0.05), prostate volume (p < 0.0001) and PSA density (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Considering the low positive rate of preoperative prostatic biopsy, it might be suggested that a considerable number of biopsy could be avoided in patients with clinically diagnosed BPH. Based on the results obtained from this study, prostatic biopsy might be unnecessary before TUR-P for those with prostate volume greater than 60 ml or PSA density less than 0.15.     

THE EFFECT OF HIGH GRADE PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA ON SERUM TOTAL AND PERCENTAGE OF FREE PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN LEVELS

PURPOSE: It is established that the percentage of free prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum is low in patients with prostate cancer. An unanswered question is whether a low percentage of free PSA can be explained by high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia alone. We compared the percentage of free PSA in men with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia alone, prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and a normal prostate (that is normal digital rectal examination and PSA less than or equal to 2.5 ng./ml.). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1994 through December 1997, 48 men were diagnosed with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia without concomitant prostate cancer. Of these men 43 with a mean age plus or minus standard deviation of 67.4 +/- 7.8 years comprised our study group. To date none has been diagnosed with cancer during followup. Serum free and total PSA levels were measured, and the percentage of free PSA was calculated. The percentage of free PSA in the 43 men was compared to that in 50 with prostate cancer (mean age 65.4 +/- 7.8 years), 50 with biopsy proved BPH (67 +/- 7) and 43 with a normal prostate (61 +/- 8). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean total serum PSA in patients with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, prostate cancer or BPH. The percentage of free PSA was significantly lower in patients with prostate cancer (14.9 +/- 6.5%) than those with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (20.8 +/- 7.1%), BPH (20.1 +/- 7.3%) or a normal prostate (27.7 +/- 12.2%). There was also no significant difference in the percentage of free PSA between men with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (20.8 +/- 7.1%) and those with BPH (20.1 +/- 7.3%). Additionally, men with a normal prostate had a higher percentage of free PSA (27.7%) than those with BPH (20.1%), high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (20.8%) or prostate cancer (14.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The percentages of free PSA in men with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and BPH are similar, and significantly higher than those found in men with prostate cancer.     

穿刺活检报告高分级前列腺上皮内瘤的诊治

目的探讨前列腺穿刺活检报告为高分级前列腺上皮内瘤(HGPIN)病例的临床诊断和治疗措施。方法记录分析了7例首诊穿刺活检报告为HGPIN的患者资料并对该组所有患者进行规律随访,随访时间18~43个月。随访内容包括血PSA检测以及增加针数的10点前列腺穿刺。对随访中发现前列腺癌的病例实施根治手术治疗,对高度怀疑前列腺癌病例给与放射治疗,治疗后均作随访。结果7例患者中,1例患者于首诊时行前列腺癌根治术,术后标本病理仅报告HGPIN。3例随访29~43个月,未发现前列腺癌存在的证据,而未行特殊治疗。在随访过程中,2例证实前列腺癌而行前列腺癌根治术,术后分别随访24个月和36个月,均健在;1例行前列腺放射治疗,术后随访30个月健在,血PSA逐渐下降。结论HGPIN是前列腺癌的癌前病变,前列腺穿刺活检报告HGPIN的患者应给与严密随访。根据随访中血PSA和前列腺穿刺结果,必要时采取针对前列腺癌的治疗干预措施,以争取较好的预后。     

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) expression in normal prostatic glands and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN): association with diagnosis of prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is strongly expressed in prostate cancer with variable expression in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and low expression in normal prostate. We examined whether AMACR expression in HGPIN and normal tissue was associated with subsequent diagnosis of cancer or proximity to a cancer focus. METHODS: Needle core biopsies from 45 patients with isolated HGPIN, 12 radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens with prostatic carcinoma and 6 cystoprostatectomies without prostatic carcinoma were immunostained for AMACR. Among patients with HGPIN, 23 (cases) showed cancer on a later biopsy and 22 (controls) had no cancer with at least 3 consecutive negative biopsies. RESULTS: In the biopsy set, the mean AMACR expression per gland in the normal compartment of the cases (0.29) was significantly higher than the controls (0.21) (P = 0.0006). In the RP set, normal glands near a cancer focus had higher mean AMACR expression than those that were distant (P = 0.0006). There was no difference within the HGPIN compartment between cases and controls in the biopsies, or between near and distant glands in the RP set. Mean AMACR staining of normal glands in the cystoprostatectomy specimens was significantly lower than in normal glands in close proximity to a cancer focus. CONCLUSIONS: Higher expression of AMACR in normal glands near a focus of cancer, as well as in the subjects eventually showing cancer, suggests a possible field effect in prostatic carcinogenesis. AMACR expression in normal glands therefore might be a useful predictor for repeat biopsy outcomes or as an intermediate endpoint in chemoprevention studies.